Do you remember???? What is this? What region do we attach it to?
-
Upload
daniela-copeland -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
2
Transcript of Do you remember???? What is this? What region do we attach it to?
Do you remember????
What is this? What region do we attach it to?
AKS 40:Japan and ChinaChapter 19.2 and 19.3 – Pages 536-547
Qing Dynasty:What did China look like? Qing Dynasty – founded by Manchus (from
Manchuria) – many Chinese resisted Rebellions flared up periodically for decades
Manchus slowly earned respect Upheld China’s traditional Confucian beliefs Made frontiers safe & restored prosperity
Qing Dynasty:Kangxi (1661-1722) Reduced gov’t expenses, lowered taxes Gained support of intellectuals by offering
them gov’t positions Jesuits told him of European achievements in
science, medicine, and math
Qing Dynasty:Isolation Continues Those that wished to trade w/ China had to
follow certain rules: Trade at special ports Tribute “Kowtow” ritual (kneeling before emperor &
touching head to ground 9 times)
“There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed. We have never set much store on strange or ingenious objects, nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.”
- Qian-Long, from a letter to King George III of Great Britain
Qing Dynasty:Cultural Developments Based mainly on traditional forms Valued technique over creativity Pottery – high-quality ceramics (porcelain) Drama popular b/c literacy rates were low
Focused on Chinese history & cultural heroes
Causes of Population Increase Agriculture Improved -
irrigation & fertilizer use ↑ Farmers produced more food Nutrition improved new
crops – corn and sweet potatoes (Europe)
People lived longer, families expanded **Columbian Exchange
Impact on Social Structure:Qing China Sons Favored
Only sons allowed to perform religious rituals Raised his own family under parents’ roof - help
aging parents on farm Females not valued – many infants girls killed
Role of Women Worked in fields, supervised children’s
education, managed family finances Some found jobs working as midwives or textile
workers
Oda Nobunaga (1568-1582) Wanted to eliminate
remaining enemies 1575 – Nobunaga’s 3,000
soldiers armed w/ muskets crushed enemy force of samurai cavalry 1st time firearms had been
used effectively in battle in Japan
Committed seppuku (ritual suicide of samurai)
“Rule the empire by force.”
- Oda Nobunaga
Impact on Social Structure:Tokugawa Japan Societal Structure
Emperor top rank (figurehead only) Actual ruler was shogun – military commander Daimyo – landholding samurai Samurai warriors Peasants (4/5 of population) & Artisans Merchants
Role of Women W/ rise of commercial centers, found jobs in
entertainment, textile manufacturing, & publishing Most led sheltered lives as peasant wives
* Confucian values important
*Farmers made ideal citizens
Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t):Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616)
Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t):Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616) Defeated his rivals at Battle of Sekigahara
Victory earned him loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan
1603 – Became sole ruler (shogun) Moved capital to Edo (later Tokyo) Enacted policies that resulted in the rule of
law overcoming the rule of the sword
Tokugawa Japan:Policy of Isolation 1639 – Shoguns realized that they could safely
exclude both missionaries and merchants Sealed Japan’s borders, except Nagasaki
Commercial contacts w/ Euro. ended 200+ years – Japan remained closed & citizens
could not leave Continued to develop self-sufficiently
Tokugawa Japan:Cultural Developments Traditional culture thrived New types of fiction began to emerge –
realistic stories about self-made merchants or hardships of life
Haiku – type of poetry that presented images rather than ideals
Kabuki theater – skits about modern life