Do you remember???? What is this? What region do we attach it to?

17
Do you remember?? ?? What is this? What region do we attach it to?

Transcript of Do you remember???? What is this? What region do we attach it to?

Page 1: Do you remember????  What is this? What region do we attach it to?

Do you remember????

What is this? What region do we attach it to?

Page 2: Do you remember????  What is this? What region do we attach it to?

AKS 40:Japan and ChinaChapter 19.2 and 19.3 – Pages 536-547

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Qing Dynasty:What did China look like? Qing Dynasty – founded by Manchus (from

Manchuria) – many Chinese resisted Rebellions flared up periodically for decades

Manchus slowly earned respect Upheld China’s traditional Confucian beliefs Made frontiers safe & restored prosperity

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Qing Dynasty:Kangxi (1661-1722) Reduced gov’t expenses, lowered taxes Gained support of intellectuals by offering

them gov’t positions Jesuits told him of European achievements in

science, medicine, and math

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Qing Dynasty:Isolation Continues Those that wished to trade w/ China had to

follow certain rules: Trade at special ports Tribute “Kowtow” ritual (kneeling before emperor &

touching head to ground 9 times)

“There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed. We have never set much store on strange or ingenious objects, nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.”

- Qian-Long, from a letter to King George III of Great Britain

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Qing Dynasty:Cultural Developments Based mainly on traditional forms Valued technique over creativity Pottery – high-quality ceramics (porcelain) Drama popular b/c literacy rates were low

Focused on Chinese history & cultural heroes

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Causes of Population Increase Agriculture Improved -

irrigation & fertilizer use ↑ Farmers produced more food Nutrition improved new

crops – corn and sweet potatoes (Europe)

People lived longer, families expanded **Columbian Exchange

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Impact on Social Structure:Qing China Sons Favored

Only sons allowed to perform religious rituals Raised his own family under parents’ roof - help

aging parents on farm Females not valued – many infants girls killed

Role of Women Worked in fields, supervised children’s

education, managed family finances Some found jobs working as midwives or textile

workers

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Oda Nobunaga (1568-1582) Wanted to eliminate

remaining enemies 1575 – Nobunaga’s 3,000

soldiers armed w/ muskets crushed enemy force of samurai cavalry 1st time firearms had been

used effectively in battle in Japan

Committed seppuku (ritual suicide of samurai)

“Rule the empire by force.”

- Oda Nobunaga

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Impact on Social Structure:Tokugawa Japan Societal Structure

Emperor top rank (figurehead only) Actual ruler was shogun – military commander Daimyo – landholding samurai Samurai warriors Peasants (4/5 of population) & Artisans Merchants

Role of Women W/ rise of commercial centers, found jobs in

entertainment, textile manufacturing, & publishing Most led sheltered lives as peasant wives

* Confucian values important

*Farmers made ideal citizens

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Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t):Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616)

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Tokugawa Shogunate (military gov’t):Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603-1616) Defeated his rivals at Battle of Sekigahara

Victory earned him loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan

1603 – Became sole ruler (shogun) Moved capital to Edo (later Tokyo) Enacted policies that resulted in the rule of

law overcoming the rule of the sword

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Tokugawa Japan:Policy of Isolation 1639 – Shoguns realized that they could safely

exclude both missionaries and merchants Sealed Japan’s borders, except Nagasaki

Commercial contacts w/ Euro. ended 200+ years – Japan remained closed & citizens

could not leave Continued to develop self-sufficiently

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Tokugawa Japan:Cultural Developments Traditional culture thrived New types of fiction began to emerge –

realistic stories about self-made merchants or hardships of life

Haiku – type of poetry that presented images rather than ideals

Kabuki theater – skits about modern life