Do Now

What similar feature can be seen in Mendeleev’s and Moseley’s periodic table?

What are the three subatomic particles and their corresponding properties?

Do you think similar properties of the elements are related to subatomic particles? If yes, which one? If no, why not?

The Hog Hilton

Complete Part 1

Hog Hilton Sample Problem Book 15 hogs into their rooms

6th floor ____ ____ ____ ____ ___5th floor ______ ______ ______4th floor ______3rd floor ______ ______ ______2nd floor ______1st floor ______

The Quantum Mechanical Model

& Electron Configuration

The Quantum Mechanical Model

Tell us about the location and energy of electrons

Electrons do not have a direct orbit around the nucleus

• Locations of electrons are based on probability

• Electron clouds

Rules of Electron Configuration

Aufbau Principle

Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

Orbitals within a sublevel have equal energy

Which hog rule is this?

Pauli Exclusion Principle

An atomic orbital may only hold two electrons

Electrons must have opposite spin

• Clockwise or counterclockwise

• Denoted with arrows

Which hog rule is this?

Hund’s Rule

Every orbital of the same energy is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied

Electrons have the same spin

Second electrons are added so the two electrons have opposite spins

Which hog rule is this?

The Hog Hilton

Complete Part 2

Electron Orbital Diagram

3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

4s ___

3p ___ ___ ___

3s ___

2p ___ ___ ___

2s ___

1s ___

Analyze the Hilton

What do the numbers in the Hog Hilton represent?

The floor number

What do the numbers in the electron orbital diagram represent?

The energy level the electron is in

Analyze the Hilton

Are the layouts of the Hog Hilton and the electron orbital diagram the same?

Number of rooms = Number of energy sublevels

How many electrons?

How many electrons fit in the s energy level?

In the p energy level?

In the d energy level?

Filling Electron Orbitals

3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___4s ___3p ___ ___ ___3s ___2p ___ ___ ___2s ___1s ___

Do Now

Complete an atomic orbital diagram for calcium.

Complete an atomic orbital diagram for zinc.

Complete an atomic orbital diagram for krypton.

Write the electron configuration for the following:

H He Li Be B C N O

My Hand Hurts! Write the electron configuration for

Barium.

Freeze!

Noble gas/short hand configuration:• Find the nearest noble gas that came before the

element you are interested in• Write the symbol of that noble gas in [brackets]• Write the configuration as normal from there on

Lewis Dot Structures

Valence Electrons Electrons in the last energy level of an

atom

Increase in number across a period

Equal to the group number of the element

Max # of valence electrons = 8

Valence Electrons

Why are these the important electrons?

Are in the highest energy level

Most exposed

Most involved in chemical reactions

Lewis Dot Diagrams Show # of valence electrons an element

has

Element’s symbol surrounded by dots Dots = valence electrons

• Drawn as if there is a square around the symbol

• Two dots per side

Examples

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Do Now

Draw the Lewis dot diagram for francium, phosphorus, and helium.

What do the dots mean?

What is the max number of valence electron an atom can have?

Properties Elements in same group have similar properties

Same number of valence electrons• Same number of electrons used in reactions

Examples• Noble gases - 8 valence electrons

• Favorable - do not react

• Halogens - 7 valence electrons• One electron short of max of 8 electrons

• Readily react with elements who have a single electron