DO NOW:DO NOW:

What are the two divisions of the What are the two divisions of the nervous system? nervous system?

What are the parts that make up the What are the parts that make up the two divisions?two divisions?

Turn in your exam 2 if you have not Turn in your exam 2 if you have not done so yet (including the essay)! done so yet (including the essay)!

The PNS and The PNS and Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

AP PsychologyAP Psychology

Ms. DesgrosellierMs. Desgrosellier

10.19.200910.19.2009

Objectives:Objectives:

SWBAT identify the subdivisions of the SWBAT identify the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system, and peripheral nervous system, and describe their functions.describe their functions.

SWBAT contrast the simplicity of the SWBAT contrast the simplicity of the reflex pathways with the complexity reflex pathways with the complexity of neural networks.of neural networks.

SWBAT describe the nature and SWBAT describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous its interaction with the nervous system.system.

The Peripheral Nervous The Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

Somatic nervous system: the division Somatic nervous system: the division of the peripheral nervous system of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal that controls the body’s skeletal muscles; also known as the skeletal muscles; also known as the skeletal nervous system.nervous system.

Voluntary control of your skeletal Voluntary control of your skeletal muscles muscles

The Peripheral Nervous The Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

Autonomic nervous system: the part Autonomic nervous system: the part of the peripheral nervous system of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.muscles of the internal organs.

It can be consciously controlled, but It can be consciously controlled, but it usually operates on its own.it usually operates on its own.

e.g. heartbeat, digestion, etc.e.g. heartbeat, digestion, etc.

Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous System: Two DivisionsSystem: Two Divisions

sympathetic nervous systemsympathetic nervous system: the : the division of the autonomic nervous division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.situations.

accelerates heart rate; raises blood accelerates heart rate; raises blood pressure; slows digestion; raises pressure; slows digestion; raises blood sugar; causes you to sweat. blood sugar; causes you to sweat.

Autonomic Nervous Autonomic Nervous System: Two DivisionsSystem: Two Divisions

parasympathetic nervous parasympathetic nervous systemsystem: the division of the : the division of the autonomic nervous system that autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its calms the body, conserving its energy.energy.

slows heart rate; lowers blood slows heart rate; lowers blood pressure; etc.pressure; etc.

See Figure 4.7 See Figure 4.7

Nervous System TreeNervous System Tree

Form a group of 4 with the people Form a group of 4 with the people sitting closest to you.sitting closest to you.

Assemble the Nervous System “tree” Assemble the Nervous System “tree” (like a family tree) moving from (like a family tree) moving from broad to specific (HINT: the Nervous broad to specific (HINT: the Nervous System is the top box).System is the top box).

Raise your hands when you are Raise your hands when you are finished!finished!

Nervous System TreeNervous System Tree

Nervous System TreeNervous System Tree

The Central Nervous The Central Nervous SystemSystem

What are the two parts?What are the two parts?

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Connects the PNS to the brain.Connects the PNS to the brain. Contains neural pathways that Contains neural pathways that

control our reflexescontrol our reflexes reflexreflex: a simple, automatic, inborn : a simple, automatic, inborn

response to a sensory stimulus, such response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response.as the knee-jerk response.

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Simple spinal reflex pathway is made Simple spinal reflex pathway is made up of a single sensory neuron and a up of a single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron (e.g. the knee-single motor neuron (e.g. the knee-jerk response)jerk response)

Similar to the pain reflexSimilar to the pain reflex

Hand-withdrawal reflexHand-withdrawal reflex

The Brain and Neural The Brain and Neural NetworksNetworks

The brain receives information, The brain receives information, interprets it, and decides responses interprets it, and decides responses (like a computer).(like a computer).

The Brain and Neural The Brain and Neural NetworksNetworks

neural networksneural networks: interconnected : interconnected neural cellsneural cells

With experience, networks can learn, With experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain connections that produce certain results.results.

Neurons network with nearby neurons Neurons network with nearby neurons with which they can have short, fast with which they can have short, fast connections.connections.

The Brain and Neural The Brain and Neural NetworksNetworks

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

the body’s “slow” chemical the body’s “slow” chemical communication systemcommunication system

a set of glands that secrete a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstreamhormones into the bloodstream

““Slow” = several seconds or more to Slow” = several seconds or more to carry a hormone to its target tissuecarry a hormone to its target tissue

However, their effects usually last However, their effects usually last longer than a neural message longer than a neural message

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

hormoneshormones: chemical messengers, mostly : chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect that are produced in one tissue and affect another.another.

They originate in one tissue, travel through They originate in one tissue, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues, the bloodstream, and affect other tissues, including the brain.including the brain.

Some hormones are chemically identical to Some hormones are chemically identical to neurotransmittersneurotransmitters

They also influence many aspects of our lives They also influence many aspects of our lives – growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood, – growth, reproduction, metabolism, mood, etc. etc.

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

Adrenal glandsAdrenal glands: a pair of endocrine glands : a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. The adrenals just above the kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.body in times of stress.

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar, which causes a surge of blood sugar, which causes a surge of energy.energy.

Even when the emergency passes, the Even when the emergency passes, the hormones and the feelings of excitement hormones and the feelings of excitement last a little longer last a little longer

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

Pituitary glandPituitary gland: the endocrine : the endocrine system’s most influential gland. system’s most influential gland. Controlled by the hypothalamus, the Controlled by the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.controls other endocrine glands.

The master gland The master gland

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

Nervous & Endocrine Nervous & Endocrine SystemsSystems

The nervous and endocrine systems The nervous and endocrine systems are closely relatedare closely related

brain brain pituitary pituitary other glands other glands hormones hormones brain brain

NTs and hormones can crossover in NTs and hormones can crossover in the body and the difference between the body and the difference between the two isn’t so clear.the two isn’t so clear.