DO NOW

• Vocab Groups – 5 min• Open notebook to notes on plot

and answer the following questions:• Did you take any?• Can you understand them now?• Did you ever look at them after

copying them?

Poetry

Vocabulary

Poetry

• Poetry is literature that uses the fewest words to express the most meaning.

• Poems may or may not rhyme.

Pieces of a poem:

Bad Hair Day I looked in the mirror line

with shock and with dread to discover two antlers had sprung from my head.

Stanza

Rhyming wordsRhyming words

Lines • The lines may or may not be

sentences.• When reading a poem, read for

punctuation first. Line breaks don’t always help understanding.

Stanzas

• Groups of lines in traditional poetry, often separated by a space.

• A poetic paragraph.

What Bugs Me When my teacher tells me to write a poem.When my mother tells me to clean up my room.When my sister practices her violin while I’m watching TV.When my father tells me to turn off the TV and do my homework.When my brother picks a fight with me and I have to go to bed early.When my teacher asks me to get up in front of the class and read the poem I wrote on the school bus.

Stanza

Free Verse

• Poems that do not usually rhyme and have no fixed rhythm or pattern. Popular during the Modern Period (WWI & II)

• We will be focusing on older, more structured poetry

Sound Devices

• The way a poem sounds often helps discover its meaning.

• Elements of poetry that use one type of sound related characteristic.

• Meter• Rhyme

MeterThe RHYTHM of the poem – how it sounds in beats.

A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.

“To be or not to be, that is the question.”

Rhyme• Sounds that are alike at the end of

words, such as snow and crow.• End rhyme - at end of lines• Internal rhyme such as:

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.

Slant Rhyme- words that do not exactly rhyme such as “rose and lose.”

Sample Rhyme scheme The Germ by Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ, A Though smaller than the pachyderm. A His customary dwelling place B Is deep within the human race. B His childish pride he often pleases C

By giving people strange diseases. C Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? A You probably contain a germ. A

A scheme is noted in capital letters

Alliteration• Consonant sounds repeated close

together, usually at the beginnings of words

• We usually refer to them as soft or hard sounds

“Tomorrow, tomorrow and tomorrow, creeps in this petty pace from day to day. . . “

Assonance• Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line

or lines of poetryExamples of ASSONANCE:

“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”

- William Shakespeare

Consonance• Like assonance, consonance appears in

the middle of words as repeated consonant sounds.

• Ex. "And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain“

• Ex. Pitter patter of little feet on the stairs.

Tone• The writer's attitude toward his

readers and his subject; his mood or moral view. A writer can be formal, informal, playful, ironic, and especially, optimistic or pessimistic.

Diction• Diction refers to both the choice and

the order of words.• It has typically been split into

vocabulary and syntax.

• It might help to think of diction as a iceberg rather than a level: There's typically something deeper than a surface meaning to consider.

Diction (Vocabulary)• Notice the differences between these

three sentences:• She picked up a fruit from the ground, where it

lay.• She pilfered an apple that had fallen from its

tree.• The lovely woman stooped and grabbed the

fallen apple.

• In all three versions we have the basic elements—a woman, an apple, a tree—but they are given different emphasis.

Diction (Vocabulary)• Remember our conversations

about connotation and denotation. • Red vs Scarlet• Flower vs Bud

Diction (Syntax)• How can you rewrite the following

sentence:• She took an apple from under the tree.

• First, let’s alter the order, or syntax: – From under the tree she took an apple. – She, from under the tree, took an apple. – From under the tree, an apple she took.

• What does each one change?

Diction (Syntax)– They all make sense; we haven’t

altered the basic meaning. But all three of these altered versions change something:

– From under the tree she took an apple. – The first brings the rhyme (she/tree)

closer together.

– She, from under the tree, took an apple. – The second plays on our notion of

suspense.

Diction (Syntax)– From under the tree, an apple she

took.

• The third sounds like it belongs in a ballad or some other form where the “took” at the end of the sentence is there either for emphasis, or to set up a rhyme.

Figurative Language and other poetic devices

• Figurative language• Simile• Metaphor• Hyperbole• Idiom• Personification

Imagery

• Words or phrases that appeal to the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

• Imagery is what helps you paint a picture or imagine what is happening or what the poet is feeling.

• Example: “The hamburgers sizzled on the grill……”

Metaphor

• A comparison of two things WITHOUT using “as or like”

• His face is a puzzle to me, I can never figure out what he is thinking.

Simile

• A comparison of two things using the words like or as.

Her smile was bright like the sun!The peach was as delicious as a kiss.My dog is as mean as a snake.

Personification

• Giving an animal or an object human qualities.• My dog smiles at me.• The house glowed with happiness.• The car was irritated when she

pumped it full of cheap gas.

Symbolism

• When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else.

= Innocence

= America

=Peace

Idiom

• An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says.

• Ex. It’s raining cats and dogs.

Hyperbole

• Obvious and intentional exaggeration that must be founded on a small amount of truth.• There are a million people in here!• I could sleep for a year!• I have a ton of homework tonight!

No Where Near the End!!!No Where Near the End!!!

• There is so much more to poetry....we have only scratched the surface.....

Poems to know!Poems to know!

You will need copies of the You will need copies of the following poems in class – either following poems in class – either your lit book or a copy!your lit book or a copy!

For each poem – read it the For each poem – read it the night before and look up words night before and look up words you don’t know.you don’t know.

Poem ListPoem List

Pg 222 “Sonnet 116”Pg 222 “Sonnet 116” Pg 223 “Sonnet 130”Pg 223 “Sonnet 130” Pg 400 “Holy Sonnet 10”Pg 400 “Holy Sonnet 10” Pg 414 “To His Coy Mistress”Pg 414 “To His Coy Mistress” Pg 448 Pg 448 “To Lucasta on Going to the “To Lucasta on Going to the

Wars”Wars”

Pg 768 “My Last Duchess”Pg 768 “My Last Duchess”

How to Read a PoemHow to Read a Poem

Read it onceRead it once Define new wordsDefine new words Read it againRead it again Summarize the surface meaningSummarize the surface meaning Read it out loudRead it out loud Look for lit devicesLook for lit devices Ask why they are thereAsk why they are there Look at the other aspects (diction Look at the other aspects (diction

etc)etc) Try and determine themeTry and determine theme