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What is Blood?What is Blood?Blood is the tissue of Blood is the tissue of transporttransport in your body. in your body.

It carries It carries materials materials to to the cells and also the cells and also carries carries wastewaste away away from the cells.from the cells.

Humans have ~ 4-6 liters of bloodHumans have ~ 4-6 liters of blood

Cells

What is Blood made of?What is Blood made of?

Blood is both Blood is both liquidliquid and and solid solid

Plasma Plasma (liquid (liquid part) part) – 90% water90% water– Red Red

There are 3 kinds of Blood There are 3 kinds of Blood Cells (solid part):Cells (solid part):

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells

White Blood Cells White Blood Cells

PlateletsPlatelets

Red Blood CellsRed Blood CellsDonut-shapedDonut-shaped

Contains a PROTEIN Contains a PROTEIN called called HemoglobinHemoglobin

Carries Carries Oxygen & Carbon Oxygen & Carbon DioxideDioxide

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

Warrior cells – they fight Warrior cells – they fight diseasedisease and and infectioninfection

They “Patrol” for invaders and “eat” foreign objects in the body They “Patrol” for invaders and “eat” foreign objects in the body

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

If an invading virus fights If an invading virus fights back, the number will back, the number will increase.increase.

PlateletsPlateletsHelp to stop bleedingHelp to stop bleeding

Release a chemical that helps blood to Release a chemical that helps blood to clotclot

Every drop of Blood Every drop of Blood contains:contains:

5 million 5 million red blood cellsred blood cells

8,000 8,000 white blood cellswhite blood cells

250,000 250,000 plateletsplatelets

Blood Diseases Blood Diseases & Disorders& Disorders

1.1.AnemiaAnemia2.2.HemophiliaHemophilia3.3.ThrombosisThrombosis

AnemiaAnemiaCaused by too little Caused by too little iron iron in the in the diet , not enough red blood cellsdiet , not enough red blood cells

AnemiaAnemia

Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell AnemiaA A geneticgenetic disorder disorder

The Red blood cells are The Red blood cells are moon moon shapedshaped

Low hemoglobinLow hemoglobin (not enough (not enough oxygen)oxygen)

The cells are also more likely The cells are also more likely to get to get stuck on one anotherstuck on one another

HemophiliaHemophiliaGeneticGenetic disease – disease – mostly in mostly in malesmales

Blood can’tBlood can’t clot clot

Could lead to Could lead to bleeding bleeding that doesn’t stop even that doesn’t stop even from minor injuries.from minor injuries.

ThrombosisThrombosisAn abnormal An abnormal blood clot blood clot in a blood vessel -in a blood vessel -may block blood flowmay block blood flow

Prevents OPrevents O22 from reaching an organ/tissue from reaching an organ/tissue

Can cause a Can cause a heart attackheart attack

This picture shows a red and swollen This picture shows a red and swollen thigh and leg caused by a blood clot thigh and leg caused by a blood clot (thrombus) in the deep veins in the (thrombus) in the deep veins in the

groin which prevents normal return of groin which prevents normal return of blood from the leg to the heart.blood from the leg to the heart.

Thrombosis

Causes and Treatment Causes and Treatment for Thrombosisfor Thrombosis

CausesCauses – build up of fat on – build up of fat on the vessel wallthe vessel wallSmoking and high blood Smoking and high blood pressurepressure

TreatmentTreatment –drugs that –drugs that prevent clottingprevent clottingAspirinAspirin

Human Circulatory System:Human Circulatory System:

Also known as the Also known as the cardio-vascular systemcardio-vascular system

CardioCardio refers to the heart refers to the heartVascularVascular refers to the refers to the blood vesselsblood vessels

CirculationCirculation

The movement of blood from the The movement of blood from the heart to heart to the lungsthe lungs and back to the and back to the heart againheart again

Blood flows to the lungs to pick up Blood flows to the lungs to pick up oxygen oxygen and drop off and drop off carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide

Systemic CirculationSystemic CirculationThe movement of oxygen-rich blood The movement of oxygen-rich blood to all of the tissue located to all of the tissue located throughout your bodythroughout your body

The Human Circulatory The Human Circulatory System contains 3 parts:System contains 3 parts:

1.1. HeartHeart

2.2. Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

3.3. BloodBlood

The The HeartHeart

Your heart is made up of Your heart is made up of cardiac musclecardiac muscle that never that never gets gets tiredtired

It beats It beats without stoppingwithout stopping for your entire life!!for your entire life!!

It pumps about It pumps about 1/3 cup1/3 cup of of blood with each beat, and blood with each beat, and about about 2,000 gallons2,000 gallons of of blood dailyblood daily

Function of the heart:Function of the heart:

The The purposepurpose of the of the heart is to heart is to deliverdeliver the Othe O22 blood blood to to every every cellcell in the in the bodybody

Heart Heart ValvesValves

There are There are 4 valves4 valves in in the heart that help to the heart that help to direct direct blood flowblood flow

Blood should only Blood should only move in move in one directionone direction to avoid mixing to avoid mixing between oxygen-poor between oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-rich bloodblood

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-the-heart-actually-pumps-blood-edmond-hui

There are 3 main types There are 3 main types of blood vessels:of blood vessels:

Arteries Arteries – carry blood away from – carry blood away from heart heart

Veins Veins – carry blood to heart– carry blood to heart

CapillariesCapillaries – where gas exchange – where gas exchange occurs (Ooccurs (O22 goes to cells, CO goes to cells, CO2 2 goes goes

to blood)to blood)

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

Capillary BedCapillary Bed

What causes Varicose Veins?What causes Varicose Veins?Lack of Lack of movement movement ObesityObesitySeveral Several pregnanciespregnanciesTight clothingTight clothingHigh-heeled High-heeled shoes (the calf-shoes (the calf-muscle does not muscle does not operate if heels operate if heels are higher that 6-8 are higher that 6-8 cmcm

There are 9 Main

Arteries that supply the body with

blood

Spider VeinsSpider VeinsSmall, thin Small, thin veins that are close to veins that are close to the the surfacesurface of the skin. of the skin.

CausesCauses– heredityheredity– pregnancy pregnancy – hormonal shiftshormonal shifts– weight gainweight gain– occupations or activities that occupations or activities that

require prolonged sitting or require prolonged sitting or standingstanding

– certain medications.certain medications.

Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins

Problems withProblems with valves valves within within the veins of the legthe veins of the leg

Valves donValves don’’t close properly, t close properly, blood pools up in the leg blood pools up in the leg

What is Blood What is Blood Pressure?Pressure?

Pressure exerted by the Pressure exerted by the blood against artery wallsblood against artery walls

Consists of 2 numbers:Consists of 2 numbers:

– SystolicSystolic

– DiastolicDiastolic

Blood Pressure:Blood Pressure:Systolic Pressure: Systolic Pressure:

–The pressure as a The pressure as a result of result of contraction contraction of the of the left ventricleleft ventricle

Diastolic Pressure: Diastolic Pressure:

–Pressure as a result Pressure as a result of the of the relaxationrelaxation of of the the left ventricleleft ventricle

What should my What should my blood pressure be?blood pressure be?

Typical blood Typical blood pressure for an pressure for an adult is:adult is:

120120

7070

Systolic

Diastolic

High Blood High Blood Pressure:Pressure:

Also known as Also known as hypertensionhypertension

Result of reduced Result of reduced stretchinessstretchiness of artery of artery walls or a walls or a narrowingnarrowing of of arteriesarteries

Caused by poor diet, Caused by poor diet, stress, heredity, obesity, stress, heredity, obesity, and cigarette smokingand cigarette smoking

What is my Pulse?What is my Pulse?A measure of A measure of how fasthow fast the the heart is heart is contractingcontracting

Corresponds to the Corresponds to the heartbeatheartbeat

PulsePulse is taken in an is taken in an arteryartery

Normal Normal restingresting pulse rate pulse rate for an adult is for an adult is 60-80 bpm60-80 bpm (beats per minute)(beats per minute)

Pulse Locations

on the Human Body

Something to think about…Something to think about…How many times does your heart beat in one hour? (assuming 80 How many times does your heart beat in one hour? (assuming 80 bpm)bpm)80 x 60 = 4,800 bph80 x 60 = 4,800 bphOne day?One day?4800 x 24 = 115,200 bpd4800 x 24 = 115,200 bpdOne week?One week?115,200 x 7 = 806,400 bpw115,200 x 7 = 806,400 bpwOne month?One month?806,400 x 4 = 3,225,600 bpm806,400 x 4 = 3,225,600 bpmOne year?One year?3,225,600 x 12 = 38,707,200 bpy3,225,600 x 12 = 38,707,200 bpyIn your lifetime?In your lifetime?38,707,200 x 25 yrs = 38,707,200 x 25 yrs = 967,680,000967,680,000

Problems of the circulatory Problems of the circulatory system we will be discussing system we will be discussing

are:are:

1. Stroke1. Stroke

2. Heart Attack2. Heart Attack

StrokeStrokeResults from a Results from a blockage of an blockage of an arteryartery (Carotid (Carotid artery) in the headartery) in the head

As a result, As a result, nerve nerve tissuetissue in the brain in the brain diesdies

Can be fatalCan be fatal

HEART ATTACK!HEART ATTACK!

Heart Heart AttackAttack

A heart attack is A heart attack is when part of the when part of the heart muscle is heart muscle is damageddamaged or or diesdies because it isn't because it isn't receiving receiving oxygenoxygen. .

Caused by a Caused by a blockage in blockage in coronary arteriescoronary arteries..

What causes a Heart Attack?What causes a Heart Attack?Usually the blockage is caused Usually the blockage is caused by the buildup of fatty by the buildup of fatty deposits known as cholesterol deposits known as cholesterol inside the artery. inside the artery. This buildup is like the gunk This buildup is like the gunk that builds up in a drainpipe that builds up in a drainpipe and slows the flow of water.and slows the flow of water. Heart attacks can also be Heart attacks can also be caused by a blood clot that caused by a blood clot that gets stuck in a narrow part of gets stuck in a narrow part of an artery to the heart. an artery to the heart. In either condition, the heart In either condition, the heart muscle dies due to a lack of muscle dies due to a lack of oxygen.oxygen.

Heart Attack Symptoms…Heart Attack Symptoms…The pain of a heart attack can feel like bad heartburn. The pain of a heart attack can feel like bad heartburn. You may also feel a pressure or crushing pain in your chest, You may also feel a pressure or crushing pain in your chest, sometimes with sweating, nausea or vomiting.sometimes with sweating, nausea or vomiting.Feel pain that extends from your chest into the jaw, left arm or Feel pain that extends from your chest into the jaw, left arm or left shoulder.left shoulder.Feel tightness in your chest.Feel tightness in your chest.Have shortness of breath for more than a couple of seconds. Have shortness of breath for more than a couple of seconds. Don't ignore the pain or discomfort. If you think you are Don't ignore the pain or discomfort. If you think you are having heart problems or a heart attack, get help immediately. having heart problems or a heart attack, get help immediately. The sooner you get treatment, the greater the chance that the The sooner you get treatment, the greater the chance that the doctors can prevent further damage to the heart muscle.doctors can prevent further damage to the heart muscle.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7wmPWTnDbE

How does circulation How does circulation maintain maintain

homeostasis?homeostasis?The heart keeps the blood The heart keeps the blood

flowing through the body which flowing through the body which regulates body temperature and regulates body temperature and also delivers nutrients that the also delivers nutrients that the

body needs, thereby maintaining body needs, thereby maintaining homeostasishomeostasis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV--EABqhiY