Do Now(silent and independent)1. Pick up a blue sheet from the front of the

classroom _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. Fold it hotdog style 3. Write you name on one side BIG AND BOLD

Hinton X H I N T O N H I N T O N √√ 4. On the back of that write your reason for

taking this class (ex. “for the credit” “it relates to my career”) in a complete sentence.

5. On the inside write an interesting fact about you (complete sentence).

Once you finish pull out your composition notebook

Composition Notebook Setup 1. IT HAS TO BE A COMPOSITION NOTEBOOK! (nothing

else will be excepted)2. If you wrote in your book already, IT IS OK3. The first 3 blank pages of your book needs to be the table of

contents

Table Of Contents Page # Title Date1 Table of Contents 4 Objectives8 Do Now22 Unit 1 8/28

185 Exit Ticket

Date each objective, do now, and exit ticket on the page that you are writing them on (not in the table of contents)

Number each page on the bottom outer corner

OBJECTIVES Do Now8/27 8/29

8/27 SWBAT explain 1+1 1. 1.8/28 SWBAT ……. 2.

8/281.2.

Pg.4 Pg.15

Fill up the page before you go to the next page

“You can observe a lot by just watching.”-Yogi Berra

Objectives: SWBAT -+-+ primary and secondary crime scene and evidence SWBAT construct a diagram and reconstruct a crime scene

What is evidence? Something that tends to disprove or establish a

fact. Includes

Documents Testimony Objects

http://wilmothighschool.com/jochl/files/2011/02/FSci-Ch-02.pdf

Two types of EvidenceTestimonial

EvidenceStatement made

under oathWhat is said in court

by a competent witness

Also called direct evidence

Physical EvidenceTangible items that

tend to prove some material fact

real evidence

Testimonial evidence Eye witness accounts provide important evidence Eye witnesses Heavily influence juries But are they accurate?

New information affects eye witness accounts Mug shots Leading/Suggestive questions

Memory errors Time between the crime and questioning of witness can affect what

they remember Perception errors

Too dark Encounter too brief Presence of weapon diverted witnesses attention

The Innocence ProjectNational organization dedicated to

exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA evidence

Eye witness misidentification is the number one cause of wrongfully convictions nationwide

As of 2008, the Innocence Project exonerated 212 wrongfully convicted poeple

Common Types of Physical Evidence

Drug and toxic substance

Resins, plastics Fingerprints

Paints Explosive residues Hair

Gun shot residues (GSR)

Serial numbers Tissues

Firearms and ammunition

Documents Pollen

Impressions Fibers Wood material

Petroleum products Soil Feathers

Alcohols (esp. ethanol)

Glass Bones

Rubber material Blood and other body fluids

Tool marks

"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves even unconsciously, will serve as silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool marks he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects -- all of these and more bear mute witness against him."

—Dr. Edmond Locard

Physical EvidenceTangible items that tend to prove or disprove a fact“Real Evidence”Physical evidence refers to any material items that would be

present at the crime scene, on the victims, or found in a suspect’s possession.

Type of evidence forensic scientists are most interested inForensic scientists will…

Observe physical evidenceDetermine identityDetermine origin

Physical evidence…Can be any material or objectTake any form

Large as a buildingFleeting as an odorSmall as a hairMicroscopic as DNA

Much more reliable than testimonial evidence

Types of Physical EvidenceTrace EvidenceTransient evidenceConditional EvidenceIndirect EvidenceCircumstantial EvidenceIndividual evidenceClass evidence

Trace Evidence• Trace evidence refers to physical evidence that is found in small

but measurable amounts, such as strands of hair, fibers, or skin cells.

Not all evidence is permanent…Transient evidence

Temporary evidenceCan be easily changed or lostUsually observed by first officer on scene and must be

recorded at that timeExamples?

Odors Perfume, cigarette smoke, gas

Temperature Coffee pot, car hood, water in bath tub, dead body

Imprints Footprints in sand, fingerprints in dust, teeth marks in

perishable food

Conditional EvidenceProduced by a specific action or event at the

scene Must be observed and recordedExamples

LightsGarage doorDoorsWindowsPosition of bodyPosition of furniture

Indirect EvidenceEvidence that does not prove or disprove a

fact in questionEvidence providing only a basis for inference

about a disputed factMay prove something like the possession of

controlled substances or driving under the influence

Circumstantial EvidenceEvidence based on suggestion rather than

personal knowledgeImplies a fact or event without actually proving itThe more circumstantial evidence there is, the

greater it weighsProbability and statistics importantExamples

Blonde hair found in hand of murder victim with black hair

Size 10 sneaker print near the body

Significance of Physical EvidenceIndividual Evidence Class Evidence

Material that can be related to a single source

Narrows an identity to a single person or thing

ExamplesDNAFingerprintsHandwritingSome physical evidence

Piece of glass that fits another piece like a jigsaw puzzle

Material that can be associated with a group of items that share properties or characteristics

Object is similar to group of similar objects but not one single object

Narrows an identity to group of persons or things

Examples Blue jeans

We can use some individualization such as length, style, brand, shade, surface treatment but there are still thousands of jeans like that

1. Direct or circumstantial evidence? 2. Physical or biological evidence? 3. Class or individual evidence?

Value of Physical EvidenceCan prove crime has been committed

Gasoline at a scene of a fireBack up witness testimony or disprove it

Test blood stains of suspectsLink suspect with victim or crime scene

Broken glass of headlight in cuff of suspects pants at scene of hit and run

Determine identity of people associated with crime Fingerprints, DNA

Allow investigators to reconstruct a crime Blood spatter patterns

Sketching the Scene

http://www.rocklin.k12.ca.us/staff/lbrun/chemweb/Forensics/Unit_2_CSI_&_Evidence/Notes_Unit_2-CSI_&_%20Physical_Evidence.pdf

Exit TicketFor each picture, tell me if its a. circumstantial or direct evidence

b. Physical or biological evidence c. Class or individual evidence

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