Do Now: Monday, Oct. 26

Objective: Body MovementsDo Now:1.What is the difference between voluntary and

involuntary?2.Give one example of a voluntary muscle and

one example of an involuntary muscle.

Agenda: Notes, Whiteboard Practice, Poster

Body Movements

1. Flexion: decreases angle, brings bones together– Biceps, hamstrings

2. Extension: increases angle, brings bones apart– Triceps, quadriceps

Body Movements

Figure 6.13a–c

Body Movements

3. Abduction: move away from midline4. Adduction: move to midline

Body Movements

5. Rotation: move around an axis– Shake your head “no”

6. Circumduction: combination of flex, extend, abduct, & adduct– Shoulder

Body Movements

7. Dorsiflexion: ease up on the gas peddle (foot)8. Plantar flexion: step on gas peddle (foot)

Body Movements

9. Supination: move palm up – Hold a can of soup

10. Pronation: move palm down

Body Movements

11. Inversion: turn the sole inward12. Eversion: turn the sole outward

Whiteboard Practice

• Guided Practice: Which is it?

Flex Extend SupinatePronate Rotate CircumductEversion Inversion AbductionAdduction Dorsiflex Plantar flex

Independent Practice

• Create a “Body Movements” Poster– Include all 12 body movements in their pairs– Draw a picture or use words to describe each

action

Body Movements

Flexion & Extension Abduction & Adduction

Decreases Increases Away Towards angle angle

Recap Information

• What movements are turning the sole inward and outward?

• What movements are moving away from and toward the midline?

• What movements are shaking your head and moving your shoulder in a circle?

• What movements are decreasing and increasing an angle?

• ***Muscle test will be on Wednesday 10/28• 3 types of muscle tissue:– Examples, striated, V/I, one or more nuclei?

• Difference between voluntary and involuntary.• Examples of voluntary, involuntary, and both.• 12 body movements

Recap Information

1. What movements are palms up and palms down?

2. Draw a picture of flexion and extension.**Reminder: Bones summary due at end of class.**Quiz Today on Muscle Types and Body

Movements!

Types of Muscles

• Muscles can’t push – they only pull.• 12 body movements– Result of teams of muscles acting together or

against each other– Skeletal muscles arranged in this way

Types of Muscles

• Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement– Biceps: flex elbow

• Fixator – stabilizes the bone of a prime mover– Postural muscles: stabilize vertebrae

Types of Muscles

• Antagonist – muscle that opposes/reverses a prime mover– Triceps (extend) opposes biceps (flex)

• Synergist – muscle that helps a prime mover do the same movement– Arm and leg muscles

Head Muscles

• Facial Muscles: inserted into other muscles or skin (not bone)– Smile, grin, frown, pout…

• Chewing Muscles: help breakdown food

Facial Muscles

• Frontalis: covers frontal bone– Insertion: skin of eyebrows– Action: wrinkle forehead

Facial Muscles

• Orbicularis oculi– Insertion: tissue around eyes– Action: squint, blink, wink

Facial Muscles

• Orbicularis oris– Insertion: skin around mouth– Action: close mouth and stick out lips (kissing

muscle)

Facial Muscles

• Buccinator:– Insertion: orbicularis oris– Action: flattens the cheek (whistle) and helps in

chewing

Facial Muscles

• Zygomaticus– Insertion: corner or lips– Action: raises corners of mouth up (smile)

Chewing Muscles

• Masseter– Insertion: mandible– Action: closes the jaw

Facial Muscles

• Temporalis– Insertion: mandible– Action: closes the jaw

**Both the temporalis and masseter close the jaw (same action)….what do we call this type of muscle?

Chewing Muscles

• Occipitalis– Insertion: occipital bone– Action: draws back the scalp to wrinkle forehead

What muscle is this muscle a synergist with?

Practice• Whiteboards:– Only write on the boards the answers to the

questions– You will have about 15 seconds to answer the

question.– Keep your answers to yourself.– I will tell you when to raise the boards up.– Participation points: you will receive a zero for the

day if you do not participate on every question.

• Smiling muscle

• Covers the frontal bone and wrinkles the forehead

• Squint and blink

• Whistle (flatten the cheek)

• Synergists that close the jaw (two bones)

• Muscle that opposes the action of another

• Two synergist muscles that work together to wrinkle the forehead

• Muscle that holds the bone in place

• End of today’s information

• Tomorrow Slides 36-65 will be covered.

Labeling Head Muscles

Labeling Head Muscles

DO NOW

• Do Now: Tuesday, Oct. 27– What two muscles are synergists that close the

jaw?– What two muscles are synergists that help to

wrinkle the forehead?– What muscle helps covers the cheekbone and

helps you smile?

Neck/Trunk Muscles

• Trunk: – Move the vertebral column– Anterior thorax: move ribs, head, arms– Abdomi

• Neck: Move the head and shoulder girdle– Small and straplike

Anterior Muscles

• Platysma– Insertion: tissue around mouth– Action: pull corners of mouth down

Anterior, neck

Labeling Head Muscles

Anterior Muscles

• Sternocleidomastoid– Insertion: Temporal bone– Action: rotate head**Turn head to left use right SCM

Anterior, neck

Labeling Head Muscles

Anterior Muscles

• Pectoralis major (pecs)– Insertion: humerus– Action: adduct and flex humerus

Anterior, trunk

Trunk Muscles

Figure 6.16

Anterior Muscles

• Rectus abdominus (abs)– Insertion: sternum and ribs– Action: flex vertebral column

**Run vertically

Anterior, trunk

Trunk Muscles

Figure 6.16

Anterior Muscles

• External oblique– Insertion: ilium– Action: flex/rotate ribsAnterior, trunk

Trunk Muscles

Figure 6.16

Posterior Muscles

• Trapezius– Insertion: scapula– Action: extend and adduct scapula

Posterior, trunk

Posterior Muscles

• Latissimus dorsi (lats)– Insertion: humerus– Action: extends and adducts humerus

Posterior Muscles

• Erector spinae (back)– Insertion: ribs/vertebrae– Action: extends back

**Very deep muscles cannot see on a diagram.Posterior, trunk

Posterior Muscles

• Deltoid (shoulder)– Insertion: humerus– Action: abducts humerus

Posterior, trunk

Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles

Figure 6.17

PRACTICE

• Erector spinae External oblique• Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid• Latissimus dorsi Deltoid• Pectoralis major• Platysma• Rectus abdominus

DO NOW

– What do you call your ab muscles?– Shoulder muscles?– Upper chest muscles?– Deep back muscles?– Muscle you can feel when you turn your head

from side to side?

DO NOW

– What muscle helps you connects at the corners of the mouth and helps you frown?

– Trunk muscle that helps you rotate your body from side to side?

– What muscle forms a trapezoid shape on the posterior side of your body?

– What muscle helps you whistle?

AGENDA

– Catch up on missed notes.– Complete the coloring worksheet for the muscles

in the top portion that we have covered already.– Complete the muscles practice questions.• Create 5 multiple choice questions with a/b/c/d choices

about muscles with answers.• Switch with a partner and see how many he/she gets

correct.• Turn both sheets in at the end of the period.

Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh

Figure 6.19c

Muscles of the Lower Leg

Figure 6.20

Superficial Muscles: Anterior

Figure 6.21

Superficial Muscles: Posterior

Figure 6.22

DO NOW

• Answer on the top of your guided notes.• What are antagonistic muscles?• Give two examples you can think of in your

body (hint: one muscle flexes and the other extends)

Project sheet will be given out and explained at the end of class.

Skeletal Muscle Movement

• Skeletal muscles work in antagonistic pairs- one muscle bends a joint, the other extends the joint– Hamstrings and Quadriceps– Biceps and Triceps– Abductors and adductors

Skeletal System Disorders

• -itis: inflammation – Pain and swelling– Body fights infection

Skeletal System Disorders

• Bursitis: inflammation of the bursa in the knee– Caused by falling on one’s knee– “Water on the knee”

Skeletal System Disorders

• Arthritis– 100 different inflammatory diseases of the joints– Pain, stiffness, & joint swelling– Membrane thickens and joint fluid decreases

friction (pain)

Skeletal System Disorders• Osteoarthritis: most common type– Affects elderly as cartilage breaks down– T(x): aspirin, exercise, & rest when needed

• Rheumatoid arthritis– Cartilage is destroyed– Scar tissue forms and becomes bone

• Gout: waste product accumulates in blood and is deposited in joints causing great pain (big toe)

Skeletal System Disorders

Skeletal System Disorders

• Osteoporosis– Loss in bone mass fragile bones– Consequence of aging (esp. in women)– Leads to fractures (hip)

Muscular Disorders

• Muscular Dystrophy– Lack of protein dystrophin – Muscles weaken and break down, replaced by fat

and connective tissue– Gets worse over time– T(x): manage the symptoms

Muscular Disorders

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome– Carpal tunnel: narrow passageway for bones and

ligaments at wrist– Median nerve is squeezed at the wrist– Results in pain/weakness in the hand and wrist– Causes: genetic, overuse, sprain– Treatment: aspirin, exercise, rest, surgery

Muscle Injury• Strain- overstretching or tearing of a muscle • Sprain- injury occurring in joint area where

ligament is damaged (worse)• Cramp- painful muscle spasm, symptom of

ion/water imbalance or mild inflammation/irritation

• Contusion- muscle bruise, localized internal bleeding and inflammation

Semester Project

• 4 hours of class time to complete the project.• If you use your time wisely, you should have

no problem finishing in time.– While one student is building the model, the other

student should be making the labels.• Exempt students will not have to complete

the write-up.• If you need any simple materials from me, just

ask and I will try to help.

Rubric

• Behavior is a large portion of your grade– Remember your materials for Wednesday– If you forget, you will make labels or begin your

write-up for your project– I am going to the store tonight so if you absolutely

need me to pick something up, let me know, but remember to use cheap, household materials.

Before you leave….

• On a sheet of loose-leaf paper, include the following:– Partner names (one group of three or someone

can work alone)– Materials you are using for your project– Materials you need from me (make sure to ask

first though, don’t assume I will get them for you)

Example Project

Examples