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Do Now: DO YOU HAVE A NEIGHBOR OR NEIGHBORS THAT DO NOT GET ALONG? WHY?
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Transcript of Do Now: DO YOU HAVE A NEIGHBOR OR NEIGHBORS THAT DO NOT GET ALONG? WHY?
Do Now:
DO YOU HAVE A NEIGHBOR OR NEIGHBORS THAT DO NOT GET ALONG? WHY?
Do Now: Scenario 1: The Smiths and Bolsheviks are next door
neighbors at the end of a cul de sac. They historically hate each other. One side of the cul de sac has wealthy families including the Smiths. The other side is poorer and includes the Bolsheviks. There was a crime spree of robberies in the neighborhood. To stop the crime, the neighbors do work together in a community watch and the Smiths purchased a mean, nasty dog to help guard the neighborhood. The crime spree ended. The Bolsheviks feel the Smiths should get rid of the dog. The Smiths want to keep it. The Bolsheviks can not afford to get a dog on their own. What should be done?
The Smiths-wealthy,
own dog, hate Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks-poor, no dog, hate Smiths
Mean, nasty dog
Scenario 2:
To anger the Smiths, the Bolsheviks and the poorer families decide to share money to buy a mean, nasty dog for their side of the cul de sac. If you are the Smiths and the wealthier families what would you do?
Scenario 3:
After the solutions of Scenario 2, what do you think the Smiths should do now?
How does this relate to events after WWII?
Yalta Conference Feb 4-11, 1945
Met off of Black Sea in Crimea before end of WWII to discuss outcome
U.S.A (FDR), Soviet Union (Stalin), & Britain (Churchill)
Soviets wanted buffer zone so don’t get invaded (Poland)
Want to weaken Germany (break into 4 parts)
U.S. & Britain don’t agree (start WWIII) but U.S. needs Soviet help with Japan so agree, but Soviets have to give new nations free elections
What other agreements were there?
Potsdam Conference Potsdam, Germany Stalin, Attlee
(Churchill at start), Truman
July 17-Aug 2, 1945
Provisions: Poland Division Germany Reparations Others?
Biggest disagreements?Future of Germany and Poland!
What Provisions Were Not Followed?
After WWII
The Cold War
1945-1991
How is the U.N. organized?
The United Nations Conference in San
Francisco Formed with 51
countries that tried to prevent conflicts
Based in N.Y. Five countries led-
U.S.A, Britain, France, U.S.S.R, China (has veto power)
Human Declaration of Rights 1948 by U.N. 1. All people free and
equal 2. End to slavery,
torture, inhumane punishment
3. Civil Rights-assembly, courts
4. Free elementary education
Committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt
Fate of Great Britain
Had to pay back Lend Lease fall into depression
Oust Churchill (blame for depression)
P.M. Attlee Capitalist/Socialist Can’t afford to keep empire India independence 1947 Then Burma, Australia,
Canada Does not want atomic bomb
Economic Development
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Aid poor countries Money grants and loans
to create projects to provide jobs
Policies for international trade that benefit all countries
General Agreements on Tariffs & Trade (GATT)
1948 Reduce trade barriers
And so it begins… Marshall Plan: U.S. aid
European countries economically so they don’t fall to communism after WWII
Truman Doctrine: 1947 Truman fears Soviets will not live up to their agreements at Potsdam Conference and begins policy of containment
NSC-68: signed in 1950 by Truman quadrupled the amount spent on defense and stated ~20% GDP go to defense
How do we stop the spread of communism?Pour billions into weakened European
economies!
Truman Policies
Truman Doctrine: economically help struggling countries
i.e. Greece & Turkey
So won’t fall to communism
Marshall Plan: Extends Truman Doctrine
Sec State Marshall
$13.4 billion
Mainly G.B., France, Italy
Arab-Israeli Conflict
U.N. sectioned off to make two countries to create a Jewish homeland for refugees from Holocaust
War 1948 Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon,
Iraq against Israel Israel wins 750,000 Palestinians
misplaced-still a controversy today
Fate of Japan Occupied until 1952
(under the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty)
MacArthur in charge Democracy Hirohito emperor if
cooperates Tojo executed by
hanging 1948 Scapegoated?
Election of 1948 Truman versus Republican
N.Y. Governor Thomas Dewey
Truman’s approval rating 36%
Civil rights policies hurt his approval
(In 1948, Executive Order 9981 racially desegregated the military)
Truman wins surprisingly! Dewey: He had run against
F.D.R
in 1940 and 1944
V.P. Alben Barkley
Fate of U.S. Become world power Have atomic bomb 1952 get hydrogen bomb Capitalist Truman President until
1953 Dwight Eisenhower “Ike”
President 1953-1961 “Everyone Likes Ike!” Vice President Richard
Nixon
Eisenhower & Communism
Eisenhower Doctrine- 1957, U.S. has right
to intervene in the Middle East to stop the spread of communism
SEATO-Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Australia, Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, U.S.
Help support a non-communist government in South Vietnam
Fate of Soviet Union
Stalin dies 1953 Khrushchev becomes
leader Communist Mad we did not tell them we
had atomic bomb & feels they had to fight the eastern front without help (most causalities)
Does not keep promise from Yalta for free elections
Get atomic bomb 1949 Get Hydrogen bomb 1953
Welcome to the
Cold War!!!!
Nuremberg Trials
Nuremberg, Bavaria 1945-1946 Originally major war
crimes (23 people) Second was judges
and doctors
Fate of Germany
Sectioned into 4 parts East Germany went to
U.S.S.R West to France, GB,
U.S.A (We eventually combine to make West Germany)
Split capital of Berlin in Soviet zone as well
Berlin Airlift First conflict of Cold War Soviets block supplies from coming into Berlin so they would gain complete control
Many people starving/lack of resources
June 1948-May1949 US & Britain airlift ~
13,000 tons of supplies Afterward became East
Germany & West Germany
Berlin Wall 1961 Built in 1961 under J.F.K Separated East from
West Berlin Fell in Nov. 1989 Symbol of the Cold War &
Fall marks the beginning of the end of the Cold War
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall
Berlin WallIn 1960’s Fall in 1989
Symbol of the Cold War Symbol of the end of the Cold War
Red Scare -Senator Joe McCarthy
Vows to rid of spread of communism because he “has a list of names” to get elected
HUAC-House Un-American Activities Committee-investigated suspected communists
Hollywood Ten- accused writers and directors of spreading communism through film by hiring communist actors
Spent a year in jail for refusing to cooperate under questioning
McCarthyism Impact: started a widespread fear
of communismMcCarthyism: unfairly accusing people of
disloyalty & being communist
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Accused of selling bomb secrets to Soviets
Tried & executed 1953 Ethel re-executed Targeted because they
were Russian immigrants (shows shift in discrimination)
NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
United States Canada United Kingdom France Italy Netherlands Norway Iceland Denmark Belgium Luxemburg Portugal
An agreement against an attack from the Soviet Union
Warsaw Pact
Soviet Union Albania Czechoslovakia Hungary East Germany Poland Romania Bulgaria
The Iron Curtain
Churchill states “An iron curtain has descended upon the Continent”
The Eastern Bloc
Satellite Nation: appears to be an independent nation but really is ruled by another.
Soviets had areas around them as satellite nations during the Cold War.
Yugoslavia
Leader Josip Tito Split from Stalin 1948 Was an Ally in WWII so
independent Communist but not part
of Stalin’s satellite nations
Yugoslavia divided in 1992 after ethnic wars
Communist China China became
communist in 1949 after a civil war
Overthrow of Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek (ally to U.S.) who flees to Taiwan
Mao Zedong (1949-1976) controversial leader
China is in transition today
The Space Race In 1957 Soviets launch
Sputnik First earth orbiting
artificial satellite How does the U.S. feel? Technologically inferior Starts Space Race in
Cold War Changes U.S. school
curriculum
It’s a Cold War with Hot Zones…
Conflicts will break out in:-Korea-Vietnam-Latin America-The Middle East Why?-Containment: US policy to stop
the spread of Communism-Domino Theory: fear that if one
country falls to communism their neighbor will too
Communism
99 Red balloons-1984