Copyright 2012 CFT GAS/1 ISO 24801-2 / EN 14153-2 "AUTONOMOUS DIVER" Gas Laws.
Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON...
-
Upload
franklin-walker -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON...
![Page 1: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Do Now & AnnouncementsTurn in Gas Laws Demos WorksheetBRING IN A SODA BOTTLE!
Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3
Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS 2/5
![Page 2: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Variables that Define a Gas Volume (V) - may be expressed in liters,
milliliters, cm3, dm3. Temperature (T) – Always expressed in
Kelvin!!!! (oC + 273 = Kelvin)
Note: Standard Temperature= 273 K Number of Moles (n) - how many
particles are present in the sample of gas
![Page 3: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Collisions Cause Pressure
![Page 4: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The force per unit area on a surfaceExerted by all gases on any surface
they collide withUnits of pressure:Pascal, Millimeter of mercury, Torr,
Atmosphere STANDARD PRESSURE:
1atm = 760mmHg = 760 torr = 101.3 kPa = 1.01x105 Pa
Pressure-
![Page 5: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PressureBarometer-• used to measure atmospheric pressure
The higher the altitude the __________ the atmospheric pressure and the _________ the height of the mercury in the barometer
lowerlower
Whatever the height is, that is your pressure
![Page 6: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Measuring Pressure of a Gas
Manometer-
• measures the pressure of an enclosed sample
•Can be open or closed
Whatever the height difference is, that is your pressure in mmHg
Closed Manometer
![Page 7: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pressure
Gas pressure is less than atmospheric pressure when the height of the liquid in the manometer is higher on the _______________. Therefore you will ________________ the height and the atmospheric pressure.
Open Manometer
-h+h
left side of the Usubtract
![Page 8: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Examples1. If the atmospheric pressure is 757.8mmHg, what is the pressure of the gas in each of the following manometers?
![Page 9: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dalton’s Law
1) the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual pressures of each gas and
2) each individual gas behaves as if it were independent of the others.
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + …
![Page 10: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Examples
1. Two gases such as oxygen and nitrogen are present in a flask at the following pressures. When combined, what is the pressure of the flask?
PNitrogen =250. mm Hg
POxygen=300. mm Hg
![Page 11: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Examples2. Neon gas has a pressure of 1.49atm
in its container. When added to a container holding helium gas the total pressure is 2.34atm. What is the pressure of the helium gas?
![Page 12: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dalton’s Law
Water displacement of gas:Gases given off from the rxn travel
through the tube and into the adjacent container for collection
Gas is impure and contains some water vapor
Patm = Pgas + PH2O
Value depends on temperature
![Page 13: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dalton’s Law Examples A 250 mL sample of oxygen is collected over water at 25°C
and 760 torr pressure. What is the pressure of the dry gas alone? The vapor pressure of water at 25°C is 23.8 torr.
Oxygen gas from the decomposition of potassium chlorate was collected by water displacement. The barometric pressure and the temperature during the experiment were 731.0torr and 20.0˚C respectively. What was the partial pressure of the oxygen collected? The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 torr
Some hydrogen gas was collected over water at 20.0 ˚C.
The partial pressure of hydrogen is 742.5 torr. What is the barometric pressure of the gas? The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 torr
![Page 14: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Graham’s Law of Diffusion
Under ideal conditions, the rates at which different gases diffuse (spread out) are inversely proportional to their molar masses.
The rate of effusion and diffusion depend upon
the velocity (speed) of the gas molecules
![Page 15: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Graham’s LawSpeed is dependent upon molar
massIn other words, larger gas
molecules will move slower than smaller gas molecules.
![Page 16: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Graham’s Law Examples
i. Compare the rates of diffusion of H2 and O2 gases at the same temperature and pressure.
ii. Rank the following gases from slowest to fastest rate of diffusion: H2, CO2, Ne, H2S.
![Page 17: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Avogadro’s Law• The volume of a gas under constant temperature
and pressure conditions is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.
• 1 mole of gas at STP = 22.4 Liters
![Page 18: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Boyle’s LawP1V1= P2V2
Inversely proportionalAs the pressure decreases, the
volume increases (temp. constant)
![Page 19: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Charles’s Law
Directly proportionalAs temperature increases volume
increases (pressure constant)Temperature must be converted to Kelvin!!!
![Page 20: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Directly ProportionalAs pressure increases
temperature increases (volume constant)
Temperature always in Kelvin Scale
![Page 21: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Combined Gas Law
Relates pressure, temperature, and volume in one equation
Temperature must be converted to Kelvin!!!
2
22
1
11
T
VP
T
VP
![Page 22: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT n= # molesR=universal gas constant
To determine which R to use in your equation you have to look at the _____________.
R is the universal gas constant.
KmolLmmHg
KmolLkPa
KmolLatm
4.62315.80821.0R
Will be GIVEN on tests/quizzes!
Pressure units being used!!
Temperature must be converted to Kelvin!!!
![Page 23: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Solving Gas Laws QuestionsDetermine your known variables and
convert temperature to Kelvin if necessary
Identify the unknown (what are you trying to find?)
Identify the appropriate gas laws formula to use
Plug in your values and solve
![Page 24: Do Now & Announcements Turn in Gas Laws Demos Worksheet BRING IN A SODA BOTTLE! Gas Laws Test MON 2/2, TUES 2/3 Scuba Diving Case Study due WED 2/4, THURS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bfa31a28abf838c968c9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Gas Laws Practice Final Answers1) 3.27 atm2) 8.2 L3) 146.5 K4) 60.0 L5) 17.7 L