Do now activity….. Name 5 different elements that you can remember that we went over last week....

Do now activity…..

Name 5 different elements that you can remember that we went over last week. How are these elements arranged on the Periodic Table? Do you know what atomic mass is?

LecturePLUS Timberlake 1


Chapter 2

Atoms and Elements

The Atom

Atomic Number and Mass Number

Isotopes


Atomic Theory

Atoms are building blocks of elements

Similar atoms in each element

Different from atoms of other elements

Two or more different atoms bond in simple ratios

to form compounds


Subatomic Particles

Particle Symbol Charge RelativeMass

Electron e- 1- 0

Proton p+ + 1

Neutron n 0 1


Location of Subatomic Particles

10-13 cm

electrons

protons

neutrons

10-8 cm

nucleus


Atomic Number

Counts the number

of

protons

in an atom


Atomic Number on the Periodic Table

11

Na

Atomic Number

Symbol


All atoms of an element have the same number of protons

11

Na

11 protons

Sodium


Learning Check

State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:

A. Nitrogen

1) 5 protons 2) 7 protons 3) 14 protons

B. Sulfur


C. Barium



Solution

State the number of protons for atoms of each of the following:

A. Nitrogen

2) 7 protons

B. Sulfur

2) 16 protons

C. Barium

3) 56 protons


Mass Number

Counts the number

of

protons and neutrons

in an atom


Atomic Symbols

Show the mass number and atomic number

Give the symbol of the element

mass number

23 Na sodium-23

atomic number 11


Number of Electrons

An atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electronsAtomic number = Number of electrons


Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms

16 31 65 O P Zn

8 15 30

8 p+ 15 p+ 30 p+

8 n 16 n 35 n8 e- 15 e- 30 e-


Isotopes

Atoms with the same number of protons, but

different numbers of neutrons.

Atoms of the same element (same atomic

number) with different mass numbers

Isotopes of chlorine

35Cl 37Cl17 17

chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37


Learning Check

Naturally occurring carbon consists of three isotopes, 12C, 13C, and 14C. State the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these carbon atoms.

12C 13C 14C 6 6 6

#p _______ _______ _______

#n _______ _______ _______

#e _______ _______ _______


Solution

12C 13C 14C 6 6 6

#p 6 6 6

#n 6 7 8

#e 6 6 6


Learning Check

An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.

A. Number of protons in the zinc atom

1) 30 2) 35 3) 65

B. Number of neutrons in the zinc atom

1) 30 2) 35 3) 65

C. What is the mass number of a zinc isotope

with 37 neutrons?

1) 37 2) 65 3) 67


Solution

An atom of zinc has a mass number of 65.

A. Number of protons in the zinc atom

1) 30

B. Number of neutrons in the zinc atom

2) 35

C. What is the mass number of a zinc isotope

with 37 neutrons?

3) 67


Learning Check

Write the atomic symbols for atoms with the following:

A. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- ___________

B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- ___________

C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- ___________


Solution

16OA. 8 p+, 8 n, 8 e- 8

B. 17p+, 20n, 17e- 37Cl 17

C. 47p+, 60 n, 47 e- 107Ag 47


Atomic Mass on the Periodic Table

11

Na

22.99

Atomic Number

Symbol

Atomic Mass


Atomic Mass

Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of all the atomic masses of the isotopes of that atom.


Example of an Average Atomic Mass

Cl-35 is about 75.5 % and Cl-37 about 24.5% of natural chlorine.

35 x 75.5 = 26.4 100

35.5

37 x 24.5 = 9.07

100


Chapter 2

Atoms and Elements

2.1 Elements and Symbols

2.2 Periodic Table


Elements

Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes

Are the building blocks of matter

118 elements known todayExamples: carbon

goldcalcium


Symbols of Elements

Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only

Examples:

C carbon Co cobalt

N nitrogen Ca calcium

F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium


Symbols from Latin Names

Element Symbol Latin name

Copper Cu cuprum

Gold Au aurum

Lead Pb plumbum

Mercury Hg hydrargyrum

Potassium K kalium

Silver Ag argentum

Sodium Na natrium

Tin Sn stannum


% Major Elements in the Body

O 65.0 % K 0.34

C 18.0 S 0.26

H 10.0 Na 0.14

N 3.0 Cl 0.14

Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004

P 1.0 Zn 0.003

Mg 0.50

Trace Elements

As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V


Learning Check

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium

1) C 2) Ca 3) CA

B. Sulfur

1) S 2) Sl 3) Su

C. Iron

1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe


Solution

Select the correct symbol for each:

A. Calcium

2) Ca

B. Sulfur

1) S

C. Iron

3) Fe


Learning Check

Select the correct name for each:

A. N

1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P

1) potassium 2) phogiston3) phosphorus

C. Ag

1) silver 2) agean 3) gold


Solution

Select the correct name for each:

A. N

2) nitrogen B. P

3) phosphorus

C. Ag

1) silver


Periodic Table

The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.


Physical Properties

The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.

ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor


Groups of Elements

Vertical columns on the periodic table

Similar physical properties

Similar chemical properties


Groups on the Periodic Table

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


Representative Groups

Group 1 Alkali Metals

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 7 Halogens

Group 8 Noble Gases


Location of Some Groups

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Al mk ea tl ai l s

Alkaline

Halogens

I Gn ae sr et s


Periods on the Periodic Table

Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.

Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….

Include representative elements and transition

elements


Periods on the Periodic Table

1

2

3

4

5

6


Learning Check

A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn

B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3

1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron


Solution

A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br

B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3

2) magnesium


Learning Check

A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn


1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron

C. Metals in Group IVA

1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

D. Nonmetals in Group VA

1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb


Solution

A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4

1) Br


2) magnesium

C. Metals in Group IVA

1) Ge, Sn, Pb

D. Nonmetals in Group VA

2) N, P, As


Metals and Nonmetals

Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricity

Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators


Metals and Nonmetals

NONMETALS

METALS

METALS

Transition metals


Learning Check

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur ____

B. chlorine ____

C. sodium ____

D. iron ____

E. carbon ____

F. silver ____


Solution

Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:

A. sulfur 2

B. chlorine 2

C. sodium 1

D. iron 1

E. carbon 2

F. silver 1


Learning Check

Select the correct elements:

A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn

B. Nonmetals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb


Solution

A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb

B. Nonmetals in Group 5A2) N, P, As

Exit question….In your own words, describe was a element is. How are they arranged on the Periodic Table? What is a family (group) on the Periodic Table? What is a period on the periodic table?


Do now activity….. Name 5 different elements that you can remember that we went over last week....

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