do an xoay

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TIKHOA C KHB MN K THUT MY

g trn my CNC

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BO CO CHUYN CNCTM HIU G TRN MY CNCNhm sinh vin thc hin : Nhm 04 Nguyn Ngc Quyt o Duy Thanh Vng Khc Nht Lp : C in T - K46 Trng : i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn

H Ni 10/2009 GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 1

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

N

LI M U

g trn my CNC

h chng ta bit trn cc my cng c thng thng v c bit l trn my cng CNC th g l b phn quan trng v khng th thiu c. Cht lng sn phm c kh, nng sut lao ng v gi thnh l nhng ch tiu quan trng trong sn xut c kh. m bo cc ch tiu trn, trong qu trnh ch to cc sn phm c kh, ngoi my ct kim loi (my cng c) v dng c ct, chng ta cn cn c g v cc dng c ph (gi l trang b cng ngh). Trang b cng ngh ng vai tr rt quan trng, nh n sn xut c kh c th m bo nng sut v nng cao cht lng, tng nng sut v h gi thnh sn phm. c bit trong thi bui cng ngh ang pht trin, sn xut khng cn l c kh n thun na, n c tch hp iu khin, cc h thng truyn lc c iu khin m bo chnh xc gia cng cao, nng sut ln, chng ta c th d thy my cng c CNC (Computer Numerical Control). V vy g trn my CNC c ci tin c th iu khin t ng, d dng tho lp, t chnh xc cao, ph hp vi tc lm vic ln ca my v m bo tnh kinh t. Cng v l do nh vy nn nhm chng em cng nhau tm hiu v cc thit b g trn my CNC hiu r hn v n, nghin cu k v k thut cng nh nguyn l lm vic ca g.

GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn

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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

MC LCPHN I :GII THIU CHUNG V G TRN MY CNG C CNC.......................................................................................................................5 c im ca g trn my cng c CNC :.........................................5 Yu cu i vi chi tit gia cng trn cc my CNC :............................5 Phn loi g trn my CNC : .............................................................6 g vn nng khng iu chnh :....................................................6 g vn nng iu chnh :................................................................9 g chuyn dng iu chnh :..........................................................9 g vn nng lp ghp : .............................................................10 g lp ghp iu chnh :...............................................................11 g chuyn dng :..........................................................................12 PHN II: TM HIU V G TRN MY TIN............................14 2.1. g trn my tin CNC:..............................................................14 2.1.1. Mm cp:.................................................................................17 2.1.2. Kp rt : ..................................................................................19 2.1.3. Tc cp-Mi tm :...................................................................20 2.1.4. Trc g bung:...........................................................................22 2.1.5. Mn hoa :.................................................................................23 2.1.6. Luy-nt :...................................................................................24 PHN III : TM HIU V G TRN MY PHAY.....................25 3.1 Gii thiu chung .............................................................................25 3.2 g kp c kh ............................................................................27 3.2.1 Bn kp.....................................................................................27 3.2.2 u phn ..............................................................................28 3.2.3 -t...........................................................................................28 3.3 g kp thy lc v kh nn .......................................................31 3.3.1 -t kh nn ,thy lc...............................................................31 GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 3 g trn my CNC

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

2.2.3 g kp bng t tnh .............................................................36 PHN II : MT S LOI G C BIT:....................................37 g trn my CNC

2.1. g bn xoay:..............................................................................37 Phn loi :..............................................................................................37 Loi tiu chun :................................................................................37 2.1.2. Loi bn xoay c ng c lp pha sau :.................................38 2.1.3. Loi bn xoay c l trc chnh ln :.......................................39 2.1.4. Loi bn xoay c nhiu trc :................................................39 2.1.5. Loi bn xoay nghing :.........................................................40 ng dng :.............................................................................................41


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

PHN I :GII THIU CHUNG V G TRN MY CNG C CNCc im ca g trn my cng c CNC :Mt trong nhng c im chnh ca my cng c CNC l tnh chnh xc rt cao. g trn cc my nh hng rt ln ti chnh xc gia cng bi v sai s chun khi nh v chi tit trn g l mt trong nhng thnh phn sai s tng cng. g trn my CNC phi m bo chnh xc g t cao hn cc g trn my vn nng thng thng. m bo chnh xc g t phi chn chun sao cho sai s chun bng 0, sai s kp cht phi c gi tr nh nht, im t ca lc phi trnh gy bin dng cho chi tit gia cng. Cc my CNC c cng vng rt cao, do g trn cc my khng c lm gim cng vng ca h thng cng ngh khi s dng my vi cng sut ti a. iu c ngha l g trn cc my CNC phi c cng vng ln hn cc g thng thng khc. V vy, g trn cc my CNC phi c ch to t thp hp kim vi phng php ti b mt. Khi gia cng trn my CNC, cc dch chuyn ca my v dao c bt u t gc ta , do trong nhiu trng hp g phi m bo s nh hng hon ton ca chi tit gia cng, c ngha l phi hn ch tt c cc bc t do khi nh v g trn my (phi nh hng g trn c hai phng ngang v dc ca bn my). Trn cc my CNC ngi ta c gng gia cng c nhiu b mt chi tit vi mt ln g t, do cc c cu nh v v kp cht ca g khng c nh hng n dng c ct khi chuyn b mt dng c gia cng. Phng php kp cht c hiu qu nht l kp cht b mt i din vi b mt nh v.

g trn my CNC

Yu cu i vi chi tit gia cng trn cc my CNC :Chi tit gia cng trn my CNC nh hng n kt cu ca g, do phi m bo c nhng yu cu sau y: + Chi tit gia cng phi c nhng b mt chun tt m bo chnh xc v n nh g t, ng thi chi tit phi c b mt thun tin cho vic kp cht, khng gy bin dng chi tit. GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 5

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

+ khng phi dng g ph th chi tit khng nn c b mt nghing v gc nghing. + m bo chnh xc g t cao, chi tit phi c nh v theo 3 b mt. Trong trng hp ny c th dng cc b mt qua gia cng trn cc my vn nng nh v. + Nu chi tit gia cng khng cho php nh v theo 3 b mt th nh v theo mt b mt v hai l, khong cch cc l phi cch xa nhau v c bng cp 7. g trn my CNC

Phn loi g trn my CNC : g vn nng khng iu chnh g vn nng iu chnh g chuyn dng iu chnh g vn nng lp ghp g lp ghp iu chnh g chuyn dng g vn nng khng iu chnh : Loi g ny c cc chi tit c iu chnh c nh g nhiu loi chi tit gia cng khc nhau trong sn xut n chic v lot nh. l cc loi mm cp c dng truyn mmen xon cho chi tit gia cng. C 3 loi mm cp thng c dng trn cc my tin CNC (ngoi mm cp 3 v 4 chu thng dng).


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 1: Mm cp 3 chu

Hnh 2: Mn cp 4 chu

Mn cp ly tm (mm cp qun tnh): Loi mm cp ny c hai hoc ba chu kp. Cc chu l nhng chi tit c lp vi nhau, khi quay di tc dng ca lc ly tm chng kp cht chi tit v nh lc cn t hm m chi tit gia cng khng b x dch d b tc dng ca lc ct. Mm cp c chn mt u cng : Mm cp c chn mt u cng xc nh chnh xc mt u ca tt c cc chi tit gia cng theo truc Z. Lc kp chi tit sinh ra nh mi tm sau. Nu mt u ca chi tit khng vung gc vi tm ca n th cc mt u n vo chi tit gia cng khng u nhau, iu lm gim mmen xon c truyn t trc chnh ca my.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 3: 1 Thn; 2 L xo; 3 Mi tm; 4 Chi tit t mt u 5 Chn mt u bng hp kim cng; 6 Chi tit gia cng

Mm cp c chn mt u ty ng : Cc mt u c dng trn xoay c lp vo l c cha cht do. Khi chi tit gia cng c kp cht t mi tm sau, mt u bn tri ca chi tit y cc chn mt u v bn tri v lm cho p lc ca cht do tng ln. Nh vy, tt c cc chn mt u u tip xc vi chn mt u chi tit cn gia cng v lc kp tc ng ln cc chn hu nh bng nhau. Mm cp mt u c chn ty ng to ra mmen xon ln hn so vi mm cp mt u cng. Loi mm cp ny c th dng kp chi tit gia cng th. S chn mt u c th l 8, 10, 12 v.v.

Hnh 4: 1 L xo; 2 Thn; 3 Cht do 4 Chn mt u; 5 Mi tm


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g vn nng iu chnh : Kt cu g vn nng iu chnh gm phn g c s v phn chi tit thay i iu chnh. Cc chi tit thay i iu chnh c kt cu n gin v gi thnh ch to khng cao. g vn nng iu chnh c s dng trong sn xut hng lot nh, c bit l khi thc hin gia cng nhm. Trn my tin CNC g vn nng iu chnh l cc mm cp 3 chu thay i iu chnh (thay i cc chu kp). g trn my CNC

Hnh 5: Mm cp 3 chu thay i hiu chnh

g chuyn dng iu chnh : g chuyn dng iu chnh cho php g t mt s loi chi tit in hnh c kch thc khc nhau. Kt cu ca g gm hai phn chnh: + Phn g c s + Phn chi tit thay i g ny cho php thay i chi tit gia cng ngoi vng lm vic ca my. Phm vi ng dng c hiu qu ca g l dng trong sn xut hng lot.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 6: Cc dng chi tit gia cng: l kch thc iu chnh S g t: 1 Thn c s; 2,4 Trc g; 3,5 Chi tit nh v; 6 Rnh nh hng; 7 Cht

g trn (Hnh 6) c dng gia cng chi tit dng cng, dng chu kp, v.v g (Hnh 6) gm thn c s 1; cc chi tit thay i: trc g 2, trc g 4; cc chi tit nh v 3 v 5. g c nh v trn bn my bng u g 2 v cht 7. Chi tit gia cng c nh v bng mt phng trn cc chi tit nh v 3 v 5 vi cc mt l trn hai trc 2 v 4. Chi tit c kp cht bng hai m c. Cc chi tit thay i 4 v 5 c lp t v iu chnh theo rnh nh hng 6 ca g. Kch thc iu chnh l (khong cch gia cc l tm ca chi tit gia cng). Nu dng g g t chi tit dng chu kp theo mt l v rnh then th dng trc g 2 v rnh then. g vn nng lp ghp : Thnh phn ca g vn nng lp ghp l nhng chi tit chun c ch to vi chnh xc cao. Cc chi tit ny c rnh then lp ghp. Sau khi GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 10

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

gia cng mt s loi chi tit no ngi ta tho g ra v lp ghp li g t chi tit khc. Do chnh xc ca chi tit rt cao cho nn sau khi lp ghp khng phi gia cng b sung. Thi gian lp ghp mt g mi khong 34 gi. Hnh l g vn nng - lp ghp. to thnh g ngi ta em cc chi tit (Hnh 7) lp li vi nhau v ly lm chi tit c s. Trn cc my phay, my khoan CNC ngi ta s dng g vn nng lp ghp c kh vi cc c cu kp thy lc. g vn nng lp ghp c dng trong cc my CNC trong iu kin sn xut n chic hng lot nh.

g trn my CNC

Hnh 7: Kt cu; b) S ; c) Cc chi tit C cu t vi cht nh v; 2 c cu nh v; 3 m kp; 4 ai c kp 5 phin t mt bn; 6 phin t mt y; 7 phin t mt u

g lp ghp iu chnh : Loi g ny c dng trn cc my phay CNC v cc my khoan CNC. Trn chi tit c s ( g) ngi ta gia cng cc h l lp ghp cc chi tit nh v v kp cht khi mun to thnh g mi (trn g vn nng lp ghp c cc rnh lp ghp).


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

H l trn g lp ghp iu chnh m bo chnh xc, cng vng v n nh cao hn h rnh trn g vn nng lp ghp. (Hnh 8) l cc g lp ghp iu chnh.

g trn my CNC

Hnh 8: g lp ghp iu chnh

g chuyn dng : Thng thng loi g ny c s dng trong sn xut hng lot ln v hng khi. Kt cu ca g ch c dng gia cng mt loi chi tit nht nh. Trn cc my CNC loi g ny ch c dng trong nhng trng hp khng th dng c cc loi g iu chnh. Kt cu ca g nh vy phi tht n gin nng cao hiu qu kinh t khi s dng.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 9: t my

Hnh 10: Bn xoay


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

PHN II: TM HIU V G TRN MY TIN2.1. g trn my tin CNC:Yu cu g trn my tin CNC: Thao tc nhanh v n gin Kh nng s dng a dng Thay i d dng cc phn t kp chnh xc cao khi kp li Vic kp bng tay thng din ra trn my cng c vn nng. iu ny i hi ngi cng nhn hao tn nhiu sc lc. gim thi gian ph v gim nh vic kp cho ngi cng nhn, cc thit b kp chuyn dng c pht trin cho tng phng tin kp. C nhiu phng php to ra lc kp: C cu kp c kh. Thit b kp thy lc Thit b kp kh nn Thit b kp bng in C cu kp c kh : Thng s dng c cu thanh chm hay c cu n by. Nhng c cu kp ny thng s dng trn my tin.

g trn my CNC

Hnh 11:Mm cp vi c cu kp thanh chm

Hnh 12: Mm cp vi c cu kp n by


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Thit b kp thy lc : to ra lc kp v chuyn ng cn thit bng pttng thy lc. cc thit b ny thng c iu khin bi cc van tc ng bng tay. Lc kp c th iu khin chnh xc v c c bi mt c cu hin th. Mc d thit b kp thy lc i hi k thut phc tp nhng chng hon ton c tin cy.

Hnh 13: Thit b kp thy lc

Thit b kp kh nn : c vn hnh bng khng kh vi p lc. chng lm vic tng t nh thit b kp thy lc. my nn kh c s dng to ra kh nn.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 14: Thit b kp kh nn

Thit b kp bng in : vi chuyn ng quay to ra lc kp bng h thng n khp trc vt bnh vt. Chng c kh nng iu chnh nhanh kp c cc ng knh khc nhau ca chi tit. Trc xoay c kha trong sut qu trnh kp v tho kp bi ly hp in t trong thit b kp, v th ton b mmen kp c truyn n mm cp

Hnh 15: C cu kp bng in

By gi ta s i tm hiu c th mt s loi g thng dng trn my tin CNC, ta c th k mt s loi g nh sau: 1. Mm cp 2. Kp rt 3. Tc cp-Mi chng tm GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 16

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

4. Trc g bung 5. Mm hoa g trn my CNC

6. Luy-nt 2.1.1. Mm cp: Mm cp c phn bit da v s chu kp l mm cp 2 chu, mm cp 3 chu v mm cp 4 chu. Mm cp 3 chu t nh tm thng c s dng nhiu nht. Chng m bo g nhng phi tin trn ng tm mt cch chc chn v nhanh chng. Mm cp 4 chu dng kp nhng phi tin c 4, 8 hay 12 cnh v nhng phi tin trn

Hnh 16: Mm cp 3 chu t nh tm

Hnh 17: Mm cp 4 chu

Cc chu kp thng c ti cng v c dng bc. Cc chu kp c th iu chnh do vy kp c cc chi tit c ng knh khc nhau. Bng cch thay i cc chu kp, chi tit tin c th c kp t bn trong hoc bn ngoi. S truyn lc kp thng da trn nguyn l ca a xon c hoc thanh nm. Truyn lc kp bng a xon c : mm cp v a xon c c lc kp nh, v b mt tip xc gia a xon v chu kp qu nh.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 18: Mm cp vi a xon c

Hnh 19: H thng truyn lc kp

Nhc im ca mm cp a xon c l khi thay i cc chu kp phi c tho ri ton b khi mm cp.

Hnh 20: Cc b phn ca mm cp a xon c

Nguyn tc hot ng: Quay bnh rng nh (4) lm a xon c (5) quay, do chu kp (3) s chuyn ng v pha tm ca trc chnh v kp chi tit gia cng.

Truyn lc kp bng nm : Mm cp s dng thanh nm c kh nng thay i cc chu kp mt cch nhanh chng v to ra lc kp ln hn so vi mm cp vi a xon c. GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 18

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 21: Cc b phn ca mm cp dng thanh nm

Nguyn tc hot ng : Thng qua cha kha (90) quay truc (27) vo thanh nm (56). Thanh nm (56-2) quay dch chuyn a dn (23) qua st trt (28). Hai st trt (28) truyn lc tip ti thanh nm khc (56-1). Cc thanh nm vi cc bin dng chy nghing ngm vo phn ca chu kp (24GB) v dn chng vo hng tm. 2.1.2. Kp rt : Kp rt c kh nng kp chi tit c dng hnh tr mt cch chnh xc v nhanh chng. Chi tit c kp bn ngoi bi kp rt. Kp rt thng ch c ng dng cho nhng chi tit gia cng c cng ng knh hoc c kch thc tng ng v n c mt phm vi iu chnh hng knh rt nh. N c s dng c bit trong gia cng lot ln.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 22: Kp rt

2.1.3. Tc cp-Mi tm : Kp gia hai mi chng tm c ng dng cho nhng chi tit di. Chi tit gia cng phi c khoan mt v khoan tm c hai mt.

Hnh 23: Kp bng mi chng tm

Kp bng mi chng tm c th c phn bit theo cc kh nng sau, cn c vo c im k thut gia cng : Tc mt u cng vi mi tm quay hay mi tm c nh Tc kp c vng bo v cng vi mi tm quay hay mi tm c nh Tc mt u thng c gn trn trc chnh. N c s dng khi phi gia cng ton b b mt tr ca chi tit. Chi tit c kp gia tc mt u v ng. Nhc im ca tc mt u l ch truyn c mmen quay nh.

Hnh 24: Tc mt u


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

Mi chng tm xoay c ci vo nng trc ng i din vi tc mt u. v mi chng tm quay quanh tm ca n nn c th s dng vn tc ct cao trong sut qu trnh gia cng.

g trn my CNC

Hnh 25: Mi chng tm xoay

Phm vi ng dng ca mi tm c nh b gii hn rt ln. Chng ch c dng khi gia cng vi chiu su ct nh bi v chng b sinh nhit v mn nhanh.

Hnh 26: Mi tm c nh

Hnh 27: Mi tm c nh loi vt u

Tc kp c vng bo v dng nh tm thng qua mi tm v kp hng knh bng mt bu-lng kp. Do c th truyn c mmen quay ln v t c cng sut cao hn.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 28: Tc kp c vng bo v

2.1.4. Trc g bung: Trc g bung dng kp chi tit (c l) t bn trong. Ngc li so vi mn cp ch s dng trc g bung cho cc chi tit c l nh. Chng c la chn da vo l c sn ca chi tit cn gia cng. C hai loi kp : kp bung c nh v kp bung n hi. Kp bung c nh c cn rt nh (1:2000) v c kp gia hai mi tm. Kp bung c nh ch c dng gia cng tinh v ch c kh nng chu ng c chiu su ct nh. ng tm ca hai tm quay phi c kim tra trc khi s dng. Kp bung n hi c g vo cn trong ca trc chnh. Phm vi kp c xc nh bi v tr kp c s rnh dc trc g trong mi l thuc vo ng tm v kp u chi tit. Qu trnh kp c din ra bi sc p in y ca phn cn.

Hnh 29: Trc g bung


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 30: Trc g bung

Trc g n hi c g gia hai mi tm v ch c phm vi kp nh. Nguyn tc hot ng ca chng c hnh thnh bi s bung ra trong phm vi bin dng n hi ca lp thnh mng bng vt liu tng hp (khng s rnh). 2.1.5. Mn hoa : Mn hoa c kh nng kp nhng chi tit c hnh dng phc tp. Bn hoc nhiu hn na cc pttng c iu chnh ring l, chng cng c th xoay. V tr kp lm vic c th kp ngoi hoc kp trong. Cc rnh kp c sn dng lp g v cc i tng.

Hnh 31: Mm hoa vi 6 mm kp


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

2.1.6. Luy-nt : Luy-nt dng kp nhng chi tit di, mnh, chng li s un cong chi tit do lc ct v trng lng ca chi tit. g trn my CNC

Hnh 32: Luy-nt t nh tm

Chi tit c kp gia hai mi tm v c bi luy-nt.

Hnh 33: Luy-nt c nh


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

PHN III : TM HIU V G TRN MY PHAY 3.1 Gii thiu chungNh chng ta bit gia cng chnh xc c cc chi tit trn my CNC cng nh trn cc my gia cng thng thng th vn nh v v kp cht chi tit ng vai tr rt quan trng. nh v v kp cht c tt yu cu cc loi g phi chnh xc, tho lp nhanh ph hp vi tc lm vic ca my v m bo tnh kinh t. Mt s loi g chnh thng c dng trn my phay CNC: 1. -t 2. Bn t tnh 3. Modul g 4. Bn xoay Kp bng -t 1. -t c th c quay tng gc 90o trn bn my 2. V tr c th c thay i 3. Chi tit c kp c th dch chuyn dc theo trc z v x. g trn my CNC


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

Kp bng bn t 1. V tr ca chi tit trn bn my c th c xc nh mt cch t do 2. Cc chi tit kp phi c tnh t tnh g trn my CNC

Kp bng Modul g 1. V tr ca chi tit trn bn my c th thay i. 2. Cc phn t kp c th xc nh nh l mt modul. V tr kp do ngi s dng xc nh.

Cc rnh T trn bn my phay l c s kp chi tit gia cng. Ph thuc vo chi tit gia cng c kp theo dng v cch thc nh th no, c th phn bit g trn my phay CNC theo cc thit b kp nh sau: g kp c kh g kp thy lc-kh nn g kp bng t tnh


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

3.2 g kp c kh g trn my CNC

3.2.1 Bn kp Thit b kp c kh thng hnh thnh t nhiu b phn n khc nhau : n kp, gi , bu lng kp vi u T.

Hnh 34: n kp v gi

cc chi tit gia cng ngi ta thng s dng cc gi .

Hnh 35: n kp, gi v gi ta

Dng nhng tm kp mng kp nhng chi tit gia cng mng v b mt ca n phi c chng cho dao vo gia cng.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 36: Tm kp mng

3.2.2 u phn Vi s h tr ca u phn vi mm xoay, cc chi tit c th c gia cng nhanh chng cc cnh i xng khc nhau. Cng c th g mn cp ln u phn gia cng chnh xc cc chi tit c dng trn xoay.

Hnh 37: u phn vi mm xoay

3.2.3 -t t l loi g rt thch hp trong vic kp cht v nh v chi tit c dng hp trong qu trnh gia cng hoc lp rp. Trong my CNC, ngi ta dng t gi cc chi tit theo dy h tr chu trnh gia cng. gm mt thn v hai hm kp (mt c nh v mt di ng) gi v kp chi tit gia cng. t thc hin lc kp bng tay quay, vt - ai c, bng bnh lch tm, bng kh nn, bng thu lc


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 38 : Cu to ca t c kh

- c tinh luyn t thp hp kim cng c cng khong 50-60 RC - Tay quay thng c lm t cht Chromed, chng g st. -t a nng c th quay ngang hoc thng ng to ra cc gc nghing thun tin gia cng cc b mt nghing ca chi tit. Lc kp c to ra thng bng tay, tuy nhin c mt s -t to ra lc kp bng thy lc v kh nn.

Hnh 39: -t hnh Sine

c im ca -t hnh Sine GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 29

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

Cung cp 1 cch chnh xc , nhanh chng nhng chi tit c b mt nghing cho qu trnh mi v kim tra Thm mt rnh trung tm c gc s cung cp thm kh nng kp c lm t thp vi cng 58-60 Rc Chc chn v l mt khi thng nht M cp di ng c th ko vo trong mt y 1 gc t 45 n 600 m bo Loi SV-37 c nhng gc hnh V thng ng v nm ngang m cp di ng c th di chuyn c v 1 my bnh cc vi nhng ci khc hnh ch V v 1 ci n ko nguyn khi Sau y ta xt c tnh v thng s k thut ca mt s loi t ca hng Kitagawa: VC series:Rt thch hp cho my khoan v ct ren loi nh. B mt t rng, nh v chnh xc chi tit gia cng. M kp c ch to bng hp kim. g trn my CNC

ModelB rng ca m kp (mm) Chiu cao ca m kp (mm) Hnh trnh kp (mm) Chiu cao ca b mt g lp chi tit chiu cao Tng (mm) (mm) Tng chiu rng (mm) Tng chiu di (mm) Lc kp ti a (kN) Khi lng (kg)

VC 103100 40 128 65 105 109 355.5 20 16

VC - 108100 40 204 65 105 112 431.5 20 19


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

3.3 g kp thy lc v kh nn3.3.1 -t kh nn ,thy lc g trn my CNC

Nhng -t NC c chnh xc cao, to ra lc kp bng cc xylanh thy lc v kh nn, c s dng cho my cng c CNC. Cc -t NC vn hnh bng kh nn c chnh xc cao cho php rt ngn thi gian ng v m -t. Tuy nhin p lc hot ng nh nn khng th t c lc kp ln. to ra lc kp ln ta dng thit b kp thy lc, c thit b iu chnh p lc to ra lc kp theo yu cu. Mt s thit b kp kh nn, chn khng v thy lc : -t my s dng d dng v chc chn, c dng kp nhng chi tit nh. Vic cn chnh chi tit th nht din ra vi s h tr ca ng h so.

Hnh 4032: Mt s loi -t my


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Qu trnh kp -t my c din ra trong hnh sau.

Hnh41: Lc kp trong -t my

Cu to ca mt -t thy lc c minh ha trong hnh sau.

1 Bn kp c nh 4 Phn thn di ng 7 Thn -t

2 Bn kp di ng 5 Trc vt-me 8 L xo

3 B phn thy lc 6 ai c

Hnh 42: Cu to ca -t thy lc


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

B phn kp phi da trn qui tc ca mt s chi tit c bn. kp phi c th s dng xylanh kh nn kt hp vi n by theo qui tc n by. g trn my CNC

Hnh 43:

Kp ngang Lc kp ko

Kp ng Lc kp nn

Hnh 44:

a)Tc ng lc nghing trc tip c)Vu kp nghing

b) Kp bng chm d) Kp chm


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 45: a) kp lch tm c) kp cho

b) kp trc tip d) kp kt hp n by cong

Hnh 46: Kp phi bng kh nn, chn khng (kp mng)


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 47: Kp chn khng

Hnh 338: Kp phi bng kh nn v chn khng (kp pha trong)


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 49: Kp phi bng kh nn v chn khng (kp cn bng)

2.2.3 g kp bng t tnh Chi tit gia cng bng st c th c kp bng bn t tnh. Chi tit c ht vo bn kp sau khi dng in c m v c th ly chi tit mt cch d dng sau khi tt dng in.

Hnh 50 :Bn t tnh

Tuy nhin nhc im ca bn g t tnh l ch c th g t c cc chi tit c tnh t tnh. Cn vi nhng chi tit nh nhm, hp cht nhm hay vt liu phi kim th bn g ny khng th g t c. GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 36

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

PHN II : MT S LOI G C BIT:2.1. g bn xoay: g trn my CNC

Bn my l ni nh v, g lp chi tit gia cng hay gi l g. Nh s chuyn ng linh hot v chnh xc ca bn my m kh nng gia cng trn my CNC ctng ln rt cao, n c kh nng gia cng c nhng chi tit rt phc tp. a s cc my CNC hay trung tm gia cng hin i th bn my thng l dng xoay c, n c ngha nh l trc th 4 hay 5 ca my. N lm tng tnh vn nng cho my CNC. Bn my phi c cng vng, n nh v c iu khin chnh xc

Phn loi :Bn xoay hin i trn my CNC, ngi ta c th phn ra lm cc loi nh sau: Loi tiu chun : L loi bn xoay ny dng g t chi tit sao cho tm ca chi tit trng vi tm trc chnh. C th gia cng c nhiu dng b mt khc nhau nh gia cng mt phng, gia cng rnh thng hoc rnh xon v gia cng cc mt nh hnh vi dao nh hnh, i khi dng ct bnh rng vi dao phay mun. Loi bn xoay tiu chun c th phn ra lm hai loi : + Loi c trc chnh nm ngang + Loi c trc chnh thng ng


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 52: Bn xoay tiu chun trc chnh nm ngang

Hnh 53: Bn xoay RT-100 vi cc thng s

2.1.2. Loi bn xoay c ng c lp pha sau : - Loi bn xoay ny c kh nng hn ch s rung ng khi my ang lm vic. - Loi ng c ny c th che chn nc v phoi vn, khng cho chng ri vo ng c.


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 54: Bn xoay ng c lp pha sau

2.1.3. Loi bn xoay c l trc chnh ln : - Loi bn xoay ny c trc chnh c l ln, dng gia cng cc chi tit c ln - Loi ny c kh nng m rng kch thc trc chnh m rng phm vi lm vic cho my. - Thch hp cho vic sn xut hng khi Loi bn xoay ny c th phn ra 2 loi: + Loi trc chnh nm ngang + Loi trc chnh thng ng

Hnh 55: Bn xoay c l trc chnh ln

2.1.4. Loi bn xoay c nhiu trc : - Loi ny c nng sut gp nhiu ln so vi loi bn xoay tiu chun - Gim thi gian lm vic GVHD : T.S Nguyn Hng Sn Trang 39

CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

- Gim thi gian ph (g t, iu chnh). Thch hp cho sn xut hng lot v hng khi. - Tng tc vn hnh. - Gim thi gian tho lp v iu chnh trn my g trn my CNC

Hnh 56: Bn xoay nhiu trc

2.1.5. Loi bn xoay nghing : - Loi ny c kh nng cng ngh cao, c th gia cng cc mt phng, cc rnh cc g li v t bit l gia cng cc b mt nghing nhiu gc khc nhau. - Loi bn xoay ny c phn ra hai loi: + Loi iu khin nghing t ng + Loi iu khin nghing bng tay


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 57: Bn xoay nghing iu khin CNC.

Hnh 58: Bn xoay CNC iu khin nghing t ng

ng dng :

Bn xoay thng c lp trn cc my phay CNC hoc trung tm gia cng. i vi loi bn xoay khng nghing th n c vai tr nh trc th 4 ca my. i vi loi bn xoay nghing th n ng vai tr nh trc th 4 v th 5


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

ca my, cc trc ny lc ny c tn l A v B nh (Hnh 54). g trn my CNC

Hnh 59: Cc trc ca bn xoay v my phay CNC

Bn xoay ca my CNC c tc dng lm tng thm tnh vn nng cho my. N c phm vi s dng rt ln, nhng ch yu l dng gia cng : + Mt phng + Cc b mt nh hnh (nh b mt cam, ci dp, khun p ) + Ct ren vt trong v ngoi + Gia cng bnh rng v dao ct nhiu li c rng thng hoc xon + Ct rnh thng v xon + C th gia cng cc b mt nghing i vi bn xoay nhiu trc, c th tin hnh gia cng cng mt lc nhiu chi tit, lm : + Tng kh nng cng ngh ca my,. + Tng nng sut gia cng + Gim thi tho lp v iu khin dng c + Gim thi gian v cc nguyn cng c bn + Thch hp cho vic sn xut hng lot v hng khi


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CHUYN CNC

Nhm 4

g trn my CNC

Hnh 60: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay khng nghing

Hnh 61: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay nghing t ng

Hnh 62: Mt s dng chi tit c gia cng trn bn xoay nghing bng tay


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do an xoay

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