Đồ Án - Quản Lý Giám Sát Phương Tiện Cá Nhân

7/21/2019 n - Qun L Gim St Phng Tin C Nhn

1/93

TRNG I HCGIAO THNG VN TIKHOA ININ T

B MN K THUT IN T

N TT NGHIP

TING DNG GPS/GSM TRONG QUN L GIM

ST PHNG TIN C NHN

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. Trn Mnh CngSinh vin thc hin : Vnh ChungM sinh vin : 0801023Lp: K thut in t& tin hc CN- K49

H Ni, Thng 05 nm 2013


2/93

N TT NGHIP GVHD: Th.S Trn Mnh Cng

SINH VIN VNH CHUNG LP: T & THCN K491

LI MU

Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc ngnh khoa hc k thut,

cng ngh k thut in tm trong l k thut tng iu khin ng vai trquan trng trong mi lnh vc khoa hc k thut, qun l, cng nghip, cung cp

thng tin ... Vi nhu cu thng tin ngy cng tng ca con ngi, mng vin thng ra i p ng nhu cu . Hin nay, mng vin thng trnn ph bin trn toncu, n khng chp ng nhu cu trao i thng tin n thun (nghe, gi, nhn tin)m chng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri vo nhiu lnh vc. Vi s pht trinnhanh chng cc dch v v ng dng vic thng tin qua mng vin thng ngy tinli, tit kim thi gian, m bo an ton v tit kim c chi ph s dng. Vi chtlng mng vin thng nh hin nay to iu kin cho cc ng dng viu khin

txa ra i v cng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri.

X hi loi ngi pht trin i hi con ngi phi hot ng trong cc mitrng phc tp v nguy him hn, khi iu khin t xa trnn mt yu cu ttyu. T nhng robot lm vic trong cc hm m, nh my in ht nhn, di y idng, robot chin trng hay cc robot khm ph cc hnh tinh xa xi u l ccthnh tu cng ngh viu khin t xa.

Vi iu kin c svt cht hin c nc ta v nhu cu thc t. Th ng dng

iu khin cc thit b t xa qua mng GPRS/GPS v mng in thoi di ng GSM lrt kh thi. ng dng ny sgip ngi iu khin c th qun l v iu khin ccthit b mt cch nhanh chng, chnh xc, hiu qu m khng b gii hn v khong

cch ch cn ni c mng GPRS hoc mng di ng ph sng.

Xut pht t thc tin , em quyt nh nghin cu v thc hin ti:NG DNG GPS/GSM TRONG QUN L GIM ST PHNG TIN C

NHN di shng dn ca thy Trn Mnh Cngging vin b mn K thutin trng i hc Giao thng vn ti.

n c hon thnh nhshng dn tn tnh v tm huyt ca thy TrnMnh Cng, cng nhng kin ng gp qu bu ca cc thy c trong b mn K

thut in t v s n lc c gng ca bn thn. Tuy nhin, do kin thc hiu bit vthi gian hn hp nn n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong sng gp

kin ca thy c v cc bn n c hon thin hn trong thi gian cn li.

Qua y, em xin gi li cm n n cc thy, c gio Trng i hc GiaoThng Vn Ti H Ni, b mn K Thut in T nhit tnh ging dy v truyn

t nhng kin thc, nhng kinh nghim qu gi trong sut 5 nm hc i hc.


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c bit em xin gi li cm n su sc n thy gio Trn Mnh Cng tntnh hng dn, ch bo em trong sut qu trnh hc tp cng nh nghin cu khoa hc

v qu trnh thc tp tt nghip, lm n tt nghip. Chc thy c lun mnh khev cng tc tt, vng tay cho a cc th hsinh vin n vi nhng btri thc mi.

H Ni, Ngy 02 Thng 05Nm 2013

Sinh Vin

Vnh Chung


4/93



MC LC

LI MU ................................................................................................................ 1CHNG I:TNG QUAN VCC HTHNG GIM ST .........................................1

1.1.H thng gim st an ninh txa. ........................................................................ 11.1.1.Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca h thng gim st an ninh txa. ........... 11.1.2.ng dng ca h thng gim st an ninh txa. .......................................... 2

1.2H thng gim st giao thng. ............................................................................. 21.2.1.Gii thiu vh thng gim st giao thng. ................................................ 21.2.2.Mc ch ca h thng. ................................................................................ 31.2.3.Nguyn l ca h thng. ............................................................................... 31.2.4.c im ca h thng. ................................................................................ 31.2.5.Giao din phn mm. .................................................................................... 4

1.3.Gii thiu vti. ............................................................................................. 41.3.1.Tnh cp thit ca ti. .............................................................................. 4

1.3.2.Mc ch v phng php nghin cu. ........................................................ 5

1.3.2.1.Mc ch. ............................................................................................... 51.3.2.2.Phng php nghin cu. ..................................................................... 5

1.3.3.Gii hn ti. ............................................................................................. 5CHNG IIGII THIU MODULE SIM900, SIM908 TP LNH AT COMMAND,CM BIN CHUYN NG ................................................................................................6

2.1.Tng quan vh thng thng tin di ng GSM. .................................................. 62.1.1.Gii thiu vcng ngh GSM. ..................................................................... 62.1.2.c im cng ngh GSM. ........................................................................... 62.1.3.Cu trc mng GSM. .................................................................................... 6

2.2.Tng quan vh thng nh v ton cu GPS. .................................................... 8

2.2.1.Gii thiu vh thng nh v ton cu GPS. .............................................. 82.2.2.Shot ng ca h thng nh v GPS. ...................................................... 82.2.3. chnh xc ca h thng nh v GPS. ...................................................... 82.2.4.Cc thnh phn ca h thng nh v GPS. ................................................. 9

2.2.4.1.Phn khng gian.................................................................................... 92.2.4.2.Phn kim sot. ..................................................................................... 92.2.4.3.Phn sdng. ....................................................................................... 10

2.3.Gii thiu phn cng SIM900. ........................................................................... 102.3.1.c im ca Sim900. ................................................................................ 10

2.3.2.Mch phn cng sim900. ............................................................................ 11

2.3.2.1.Khi ngun. .......................................................................................... 112.3.2.2.Tt\bt SIM900 sdng chn PWKEY. ............................................... 122.3.2.3.Ngun nui RTC. .................................................................................. 122.3.2.4.Giao tip ni tip. ................................................................................. 132.3.2.5.Giao tip m thanh. .............................................................................. 142.3.2.6.Giao tip Sim card. ............................................................................... 142.3.2.7.Schth trng thi mng. ................................................................... 15

2.4.Gii thiu phn cng Sim908. ............................................................................ 162.4.1.c im ca Sim908. ................................................................................. 162.4.2.ng dng Sim908. ....................................................................................... 17


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2.5.Cm bin chuyn ng PIR. ............................................................................... 172.5.1.Nguyn l pht hin. .................................................................................... 172.5.2.Cu trc cm bin PIR. ............................................................................... 182.5.3.Nguyn l lm vic ca loi u d PIR. .................................................... 18

2.6.Kho st tp lnh AT Command. ........................................................................ 202.6.1.Cc lnh kim tra ban u........................................................................... 212.6.2.Cc lnh khi to. ........................................................................................ 222.6.3.Cc lnh xl cuc gi. .............................................................................. 232.6.4.Cc lnh vSMS. ......................................................................................... 232.6.5.Cc lnh vGPRS. ...................................................................................... 262.6.6.Cc lnh vGPS. ......................................................................................... 27

2.6.6.1.Tng quan cc tp lnh c bn. ........................................................... 272.6.6.2.Cu hnh cc tp lnh vGPS. ............................................................. 27

2.6.7.Cc lnh khc. ............................................................................................. 31CHNG III:KHO ST VI IU KHIN ATMEGA128DS1307 ...........................32

3.1.Tng quan vi iu khin AVR. ............................................................................ 323.1.1.c tnh vi iu khin ATmeg128. .............................................................. 323.1.1.Cu trc vi iu khin AVR. ........................................................................ 333.1.2.Cu trc b nhv cng vo - ra. ............................................................... 33

3.1.2.1.Cu trc b nh.................................................................................... 333.1.2.2.Cng vo/ra Atmega128. ...................................................................... 353.1.2.3.Cch thc hot ng. ........................................................................... 36

3.1.3.Bnh thi Atmega128. ............................................................................. 383.1.3.1.Cc nh ngha. .................................................................................... 383.1.3.2.Cc thanh ghi bnh thi 1. ............................................................... 39

3.1.4.Cu trc ngt ca ATmega128. ................................................................... 433.1.4.1.Khi nim vngt. ................................................................................ 433.1.4.2.Trnh phc v ngt v bng vector ngt............................................... 443.1.4.3.Thtu tin ngt. .............................................................................. 463.1.4.4.Ngt lng nhau. .................................................................................... 463.1.4.5.Ngt ngoi Atmega128. ........................................................................ 46

3.1.5.B truyn nhn dliu ni tip USART. ..................................................... 473.1.5.1.B truyn nhn ni tip ATmega128. ................................................... 48

3.2.Chip thi gian thc DS1307. .............................................................................. 503.2.1.Cc tnh nng. ............................................................................................. 50

3.2.2.M t. ........................................................................................................... 50

CHNG IV: THIT KV THI CNG....................................................................554.1.Phng n thit k. ............................................................................................. 554.2.S khi tng qut ca ton h thng v chc nng tng khi. ..................... 55

4.2.1.S tng qut h thng. ............................................................................ 554.2.2.Chc nng tng khi. .................................................................................. 56

4.3.Thit kphn cng. ............................................................................................ 574.3.1.S nguyn l. ........................................................................................... 574.3.2.Thit kmch in. .......................................................................................... 59

4.4.Thit kchng trnh phn mm. ....................................................................... 61

4.4.1.Lu thut ton chng trnh. ................................................................. 61


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4.5.Phn mm giao din qun l. ............................................................................. 664.5.1.Gii thiu phn mm Visual Studio ca Microsoft. .................................... 664.5.2.Xy dng giao din truyn thng ni tip RS232 dng Visual Studio. ....... 66

CHNG V:KT QUTHC NGHIM V HNG PHT TRIN ..........................765.1.Kt qu thc hin n. ..................................................................................... 765.2.Hnh nh mch thc nghim. .............................................................................. 77


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Danh mc cc hnh v:

Hnh 1: S h thng gim st an ninh txa. ............................................................... 1Hnh 2: M hnh h thng gim st giao thng. .............................................................. 2Hnh 3: S nguyn l h thng gim st giao thng. .................................................. 3Hnh 4: Hnh nh xe vi phm vt qu tc cho php. ................................................. 4Hnh 5: Hnh nh xe vi phm vt n . ...................................................................... 4Hnh 6: Cu trc mng GSM. ........................................................................................... 7Hnh7: S chc nng SIM900 .................................................................................... 11Hnh 8: Mch tham chiu cho ngun cp SIM900 .......................................................... 11Hnh 9: Mch ng dng tt/bt SIM900. ........................................................................ 12Hnh 10: Ngun cp RTC tpin sc li. ......................................................................... 12Hnh 11: Ngun cp RTC tpin khng sc li. .............................................................. 12Hnh 12: Ngun cp RTC ttin. ............................................................................... 12Hnh 13 : Kt ni ca giao tip ni tip. ......................................................................... 13Hnh 14 : Mch chuyn mc RS232 ................................................................................ 13Hnh 15: Cu hnh giao tip Speaker .............................................................................. 14Hnh 16 : Cu hnh giao tip tai nghe ............................................................................. 14Hnh 17: Mch tham chiu cho simcard 8 chn. ............................................................ 15Hnh 18: Mch tham chiu cho simcard 6 chn ............................................................. 15Hnh 19: Mch tham chiu ca NETLIGHT. .................................................................. 16Hnh 20: M hnh gim st hot ng phng tin giao thng. ..................................... 17Hnh 21: Cu trc cm bin chuyn ng PIR. .............................................................. 18Hnh 22: Nguyn l pht hin chuyn ng ngang ca cc ngun thn nhit. ............... 19Hnh 23: Mch ng dng cm bin PIR ng ngt thit bqua rle.............................. 19Hnh 24: Cu trc vi iu khin AVR. ............................................................................. 33Hnh 25: B nhchng trnh c v khng sdng Bootloader. .................................. 34Hnh 26: Cu trc b nhdliu. .................................................................................. 35Hnh 27: S khi bnh thi 16 bit. ......................................................................... 38Hnh 28: Cc ngt lng nhau. ......................................................................................... 46Hnh 29: S khi b USART. ...................................................................................... 48Hnh 30: S khi v cc mc logic trong khi pht xung ng h. ........................... 49Hnh 31: Cu to bn ngoi DS1307. ............................................................................. 50Hnh 32: S khi DS1307. .......................................................................................... 52Hnh 33: Mch kt ni DS1307. ...................................................................................... 52Hnh 34: Cu trc b nhDS1307. ................................................................................. 53Hnh 35: Cu trc thanh ghi DS1307.............................................................................. 53Hnh 36: S khi tng qut h thng qun l gim st phng tin c nhn. ........... 55Hnh 37: S nguyn l khi ngun h thng. ............................................................. 57Hnh 38: S nguyn l mch xl trung tm. ............................................................ 58Hnh 39: S nguyn l mch Sim908. ........................................................................ 58Hnh 40: S nguyn l mch iu khin chnh. .......................................................... 59Hnh 41: Mch xl trung tm. ...................................................................................... 59Hnh 42: Mch Sim908. ................................................................................................... 60Hnh 43: Mch iu khin chnh. .................................................................................... 60Hnh 44: Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh. ............................................................ 61


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Hnh 45: Lu thut ton xl tin nhn. ..................................................................... 62Hnh 46: Lu thut ton nhn dliu. ....................................................................... 63Hnh 47: Lu thut ton gi dliu........................................................................... 63Hnh 48: Lu chng trnh ly dliu. ..................................................................... 64Hnh 49: Lu chng trnh con iu khin mthit b. ............................................. 64Hnh 50: Lu chng trnh con iu khin tt thit b. .............................................. 65Hnh 51: Lu thut ton gi tin nhn. ....................................................................... 65Hnh 52: To project mi trn C#. .................................................................................. 67Hnh 53: La chn khun mu cho project. .................................................................... 68Hnh 54: Thit kgiao din. ............................................................................................ 68Hnh 55: Giao din qun l, gim st. ............................................................................ 73Hnh 56: Form bo nhn dliu. .................................................................................... 75Hnh 57: Mch xl trung tm Sim900 .......................................................................... 77Hnh 58: Module Sim908 ................................................................................................. 78Hnh 59: Mch xl gn trn phng tin. .................................................................... 78Hnh 60: Mch xl gn trn phng tin. .................................................................... 79Hnh 61: Form cnh bo c dliu gi vtrung tm..................................................... 79Hnh 62: V tr v cc thng tin vthit b trn mn hnh qun l.................................. 80Hnh 63: Module gi vtr phng tin ti in thoi chphng tin ......................... 86


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Danh mc cc bng:

Bng1: nh ngha cc chn giao tip sim. .............................................................. 14Bng 2: Bng trng thi lm vic ca NETLIGHT. .................................................. 15

Bng 3: Chc nng cc lnh GPRS. ......................................................................... 26Bng 4: Chc nng cc lnh GPS. ............................................................................ 27Bng 5: Cu hnh cho cc chn cng........................................................................ 38Bng 6: u ra so snh ch non-PWM. ............................................................... 40Bng 7:u ra so snh ch fast-PWM. ............................................................... 40Bng 8:u ra so snh ch PWM hiu chnh pha v tn s............................... 40Bng 9:La chn cc ch thc thi ca bnh thi 1. ....................................... 41Bng 10: La chn tc xung clock. ...................................................................... 42Bng 12: iu khin kiu bt mu ngt. ................................................................... 47Bng 13: Phng trnh tnh ton ci t thanh ghi tc truyn. ........................... 49


10/93



Danh mc cc tvit tt:

STT CHVITTT

THUT NGTING ANH

THUT NGTING VIT

1 GSM Global System forMobileCommunications

H thng thng tin di ng toncu.

2 GPRS General Packet RadioService

Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp.

3 GPS Global PositioningSystem

H thng nh v ton cu.

4 PDA Personal DigitalAssistant

Thit b k thut s h tr cnhn.

5 AT AT Command Tp lnh iu khin ca SIMCOM.

6 CR Carriage return M iu khin ca ng tc vudng.7 LF Line Feed M iu khin ca ng tc xung

dng.8 DTE Data Terminal

EquipmentThit b cui xl sliu.

9 DCE Data CommunicationsEquipment

Thit b kt cui knh sliu.

10 RTC Real Time Clock ng h thi gian thc.

11 TxD Transmit data ng truyn dliu.

12 RxD Receive data ng nhn dliu.

13 MT Mobile Terminal Thit bu cui mng.

14 TE Terminal Equipment Thit bu cui (my tinh, h viiu khin).

15 BSS Base StationSubsystem.

H thng trm gc.

16 TRAU Transcoding Rate andAdaption Unit

B chuyn i m v phi hp tc.

17 BSC Base Station Controller Biu khin trm gc.

18 BTS Base TransceiverStation

Trm thu pht gc.


11/93

CHNG I: TNG QUAN VCC HTHNG GIM ST


CHNG ITNG QUAN V CC H THNG GIM ST

1.1.H thng gim st an ninh txa.

Hnh 1: S h thng gim st an ninh txa.

Dch v gim st an ninh t xa l m hnh bo v hot ng trn nguyn tc kthp gia cc thit b bo v cng ngh cao hin nay nh: Camera k thut s, bong, bo chy, bo kh gascng vi s tip ng kp thi ca lc lng phn ngnhanh pht hin v ngn chn cc ri ro do trm cp t nhp hoc ha hon gy rav c s h trkp thi khi c cc yu cu khn cp v y t, sc khe

1.1.1.Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca h thng gim st an ninh txa.Vi cc thit bbo ng hin i, nhanh v chnh xc nh: Camera k thut s,

u bo khi, bo nhit, u r chuyn ng, cng tc t, cng tc khnmi hnh vit nhp, trm cp v cc du hiu gy ra chy n hay tn hiu khn cp sc phthin ngay t khi mi xy ra v pht tn hiu cnh bo vtrung tm gim st qua ngtruyn internet hoc in thoi hu tuyn. Khi nhn c tn hiu cnh bo, h thngan ninh ti trung tm s lp tc kch hot tng quay sin thoi n cc lc lngtip ng c ci t sn nh: Cnh st 113, Cnh st phng chy cha chy (trongtrng hp chy n)T cc tn hiu bo ng, trung tm gim st an ninh s bitc:


12/93



Thng tin ni bo v: Tn khch hng, a ch, sin thoi lin h Khu vc pht ra tn hiu bo ng: Hin th chnh xc khu vc pht ra tn hiu

bo ng trn bn trc tuyn google map.

Loi tn hiu bo ng: Bo ng t nhp, bo chy, h trkhn cpS ng i: Bn ng i t trung tm gim st an ninh ti khu vc cn

bo v.

1.1.2.ng dng ca h thng gim st an ninh txa.Dch v gim st an ninh txa trthnh mt lc lng trgip c lc trong

vic x l cc s c ti tr scc doanh nghip, nh my, cao c, chung c cao cp,kho tng, cc khu bit th, nh ring

H trthng bo thng tin cho khch hng v ti sn, tnh trng an ton ca cckhu vc gim st. Cnh bo kp thi khi c s c xy ra.

1.2.H thng gim st giao thng.

Hnh 2: M hnh h thng gim st giao thng.1.2.1.Gii thiu v h thng gim st giao thng.

H thng gim st giao thng c cng ty c phn cng ngh Futech nghincu v pht trin nhm h tr cc n v chc nng kim sot v pht hin nhng

phng tin vi phm giao thng. H thng cn a ra nhng bng chng vi phm xc

thc nht khi ngi vi phm giao thng i sai ln ng, chy qu tc cho php,

vt n , xe bin sen


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1.2.2.Mc ch ca h thng. Gim st cc phng tin giao thng lin tc 24/24. Pht hin cc phng tin vi phm giao thng: i sai ln ng, vt qu tc

cho php, vt n

Tng chp nh v nhn dng bin s xe vi phm. Gim st cc phng tin tham gia giao thng ti trung tm iu hnh. Bo co thng k tnh hnh vi phm giao thng theo thi gian thc. Tit kim nhn lc cho vic gim st v x l cc trng hp vi phm giao

thng.

1.2.3.Nguyn l ca h thng.

Hnh 3: S nguyn l h thng gim st giao thng.

1.2.4.c im ca h thng.

Ton b thng tin v xe vi phm c tng in ra ngay ti thi im xe viphm hoc xut ra di nhiu dng bo co khc nhau.

M hnh qun l ClientSever gip cho vic qun l nhiu im vi phm giaothng c d dng v tp trung ti trung tm iu hnh giao thng.

H thng c th kt ni vi csd liu ng k xe trn ton quc. V vy cth bit c y thng tin v xe v ch xe.


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1.2.5.Giao din phn mm.

Hnh 4: Hnhnh xe vi phm vt qu tc cho php.

Hnh 5: Hnhnh xe vi phmvt n .

1.3. Gii thiu v ti.1.3.1.Tnh cp thit ca ti.

Ngy nay nhu cu i li ca con ngi ngy cng tng cao ko theo sgia tngnhanh chng ca cc phng tin c nhn, c bit l xe my. y cng l i tngd b mt cp do ch bo vcha cao. T thc t ny sinh ra nhu cu qun l,gim st cho loi phng tin ny. Do em a tng thit k thit b c th theo

di v chng trm chophng tin c nhn ny.


15/93



1.3.2.Mc ch v phng php nghin cu.1.3.2.1. Mc ch. Thit k 1 thit b c khnng thu thp v tr ca phng tin, gi d liu v

cho chphng tin thng qua mng GSM.

Thit b nhn d liu c thl in thoi ca chphng tin hoc 1 modulesim c kt ni vi my tnh hin th d liu (v tr, tc phng tin, cc thng tin vxe) ln bn s.

iu khin tt mthit b thng qua tin nhn.1.3.2.2. Phng php nghin cu. S dng sim908 kt hp chip xl nhn d liu GPS t v tinh gi v, ng

gi d liu v gi ln mng GSM.

Trng hp xe bnh cp phi cp nhp thng xuyn v tr ca xe v lu liv tr cui cng k t khi d liu GPS b mt.

Khi xe b tai nn cn gi ngay v tr tai nn cho s ca trung tm cu h. Xy dng bn strn C# hin th trc quan v tr ca xe => m bo d

dng cho vic qun l v tm kim trong trng hp xe b mt.

1.3.3.Gii hn ti. Vic truyn d liu thc hin qua tin nhn mng in thoi nn gy tn km.

tng pht trin : Truyn d liu qua mng internet s tit kim hn rt nhiu.

chnh xc ca thit b ph thuc nhiu vo phn cng sim ca nh sn xutv thi tit hot ng. ti mi ch tm dng ch x l d liu th sim chuyn v,cha thc hin thut ton chng nhiu cho h thng.


16/93

CHNG II: MODULE SIM900- SIM908TP LNH ATCM BIN PIR


CHNG IIGII THIU MODULE SIM900, SIM908

TP LNH AT COMMAND, CM BIN CHUYN NG

2.1.Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM .

2.1.1.Gii thiu v cng ngh GSM.H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobile

Communications vit tt: GSM) l mt cng ngh dng cho mng thng tin di ng.Dch vGSM c s dng bi hn 2 tngi trn 212 quc gia v vng lnh th.

Cc mng thng tin di ng GSM cho php c th roaming vi nhau do nhng myin thoi di ng GSM ca cc mng GSM khc nhau vn c th s dng c nhiuni trn th gii.

GSM l chun ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng trn th gii. Khnng ph

sng rng khp ni ca chun GSM lm cho n trnn ph bin trn th gii, chophp ngi s dng c th s dng in thoi di ng ca hnhiu vng trn thgii. GSM khc vi cc chun tin thn ca n v c tn hiu v tc , cht lngcuc gi. N c xem nh l mt h thng in thoi di ng th h th hai (SecondGeneration 2G). GSM l mt chun m, hin ti n c pht trin bi 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). ng vpha quan im khch hng, li thchnh ca GSM l cht lng cuc gi tt hn, gi thnh thp v dch v tin nhn.

Thun li i vi nh iu hnh mng l khnng trin khai thit b t nhiu ngicung ng. GSM cho php nh iu hnh mng c th sn sng dch vkhp ni, vthngi s dng c th s dng in thoi ca hkhp ni trn th gii.

2.1.2.c im cng ngh GSM. GSM l mng in thoi di ng thit k gm nhiu tbo (cell) do cc my

in thoi di ng kt ni vi mng bng cch tm kim cc cell gn n nht.

Cc mng di ng GSM hot ng trn 4 bng tn. Hu ht th hot ng bng tn 900 MHz v 1800 MHz.

S dng cng ngh phn chia theo thi gian TDM (time division multiplexing),cho php truyn 8 knh thoi ton tc hay 16 knh thoi bn tc trn 1 knh v tuyn.

Tc truyn d liu cho c 8 knh l 270.833 kbit/s v chu k ca mt khungl 4.615 m.

2.1.3.Cu trc mng GSM .


17/93



Hnh 6: Cu trc mng GSM .

Mt mng GSM cung cp y cc dch v cho khch hng s kh phctp. Cu trc mng GSM chia theo phn h bao gm cc thnh phn nh sau:

Phn h chuyn mch NSS: Network switching SubSystem. Phn h v tuyn RSS = BSS + MS: Radio SubSystem.

Phn h vn hnh v bo dng OMS: Operation and Maintenance SubSystem. BSS: Base Station Subsystem = TRAU + BSC + BTS.

TRAU: B chuyn i m v phi hp tc . BSC: Biu khin trm gc. BTS: Trm thu pht gc.

Chc nng ca BSS: iu khin mt s trm BTS x l cc bn tin bo hiu:Khi to kt niiu khin chuyn giao: Intra & Inter BTS HO Kt ni n ccMSC, BTS, OMC.

Chc nng ca BTS: Thu pht v tuynnh x knh logic vo knh vt l M ha v gii mMt m/ gii mt miu ch/ gii iu ch.

Mng v h thng chuyn mch Network and Switching Subsystem. Phn mng GPRS (GPRS care network): L mt phn lp thm cung cp

dch v truy nhp internet.


18/93



Mt s phn khc phc v vic cung cp cc dch v cho mng GSM nh gi,nhn tin SMS

2.2. Tng quan v h thng nh vton cu GPS.2.2.1.Gii thiu v h thng nh vton cu GPS.

H thng nh v ton cu (Global Positioning System - GPS) l h thng xcnh v tr da trn v tr ca cc v tinh nhn to, do B quc phng Hoa K thit k,xy dng, vn hnh v qun l. Trong cng mt thi im, ta ca mt im trn

mt t sc xc nh nu xc nh c khong cch tim n t nht ba vtinh.

Tuy c qun l bi B quc phng Hoa K, chnh ph Hoa K vn cho php

mi ngi trn th gii s dng mt s chc nng ca GPS min ph, bt kquc giano.

2.2.2.Shot ng ca h thng nh vGPS.Cc vtinh GPS bay vng quanh Tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu

o rt chnh xc v pht tn hiu c thng tin xung Tri t. Cc my thu GPS nhn

thng tin ny v bng php tnh lng gic s tnh c chnh xc v tr ca ngidng. V bn cht my thu GPS so snh thi gian tn hiu c pht i t v tinh vi

thi gian nhn c chng. Sai lch v thi gian cho bit my thu GPS cch v tinhbao xa. Ri vi nhiu qung cch o c ti nhiu v tinh my thu c thtnh cv tr ca ngi dng v hin th ln bn in t ca my.

My thu phi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht ba vtinh tnh ra v tr hai chiu(kinh v v) v theo di c chuyn ng. Khi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht4 v tinh th my thu c thtnh c v tr ba chiu (kinh , vv cao). Mtkhi vtr ngi dng tnh c th my thu GPS c th tnh cc thng tin khc, nh

tc , hng chuyn ng, bm st di chuyn, khong hnh trnh, khong cch tiim n, thi gian mt tri mc, ln v nhiu th khc na.

2.2.3. chnh xc ca h thng nh vGPS.Cc my thu GPS ngy nay cc k chnh xc, nhvo thit k nhiu knh hot

ng song song ca chng. Cc my thu 12 knh song song (ca Garmin) nhanh chngkha vo cc qu v tinh khi mi bt ln v chng duy tr kt ni bn vng, thm chtrong tn l rm rp hoc thnh ph vi cc to nh cao tng. Trng thi ca kh quyn

v cc ngun gy http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_s%E1%BB%91sai s khc c th
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_s%E1%BB%91http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_s%E1%BB%91http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_s%E1%BB%91


19/93



nh hng ti chnh xc ca my thu GPS. Cc my thu GPS c chnh xc trungbnh trong vng 15 mt.

Cc my thu mi hn vi khnng WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) c

thtng chnh xc trung bnh ti di 3 mt. Khng cn thm thit b hay mt phc c li im ca WAAS. Ngi dng cng c thc chnh xc tt hn viGPS vi sai (Differential GPS - DGPS) sa li cc tn hiu GPS c chnh xc

trong khong 3 n 5 mt. Cc phng v bbin M vn hnh dch v sa li ny. Hthng bao gm mt mng cc i thu tn hiu GPS v pht tn hiu sa li bng ccmy pht hiu. thu c tn hiu sa li, ngi dng phi c my thu tn hiu visai bao gm cn-ten dng vi my thu GPS ca h.

2.2.4.Cc thnh phn ca h thng nh vGPS.GPS hin ti gm 3 phn chnh: phn khng gian, kim sot v s dng.Khng

qun Hoa K pht trin, bo tr v vn hnh cc phn khng gian v kim sot. Cc v

tinh GPS truyn tn hiu t khng gian, v cc my thu GPS s dng cc tn hiu ny tnh ton v tr trong khng gian 3 chiu (kinh , vv cao) v thi gian hinti.

2.2.4.1. Phn khng gian.Phn khng gian gm 24 v tinh (21 v tinh hot ng v 3 v tinh d phng)

nm trn cc quo xoay quanh tri t. Chng cch mt t 20.200 km, bn knhqu o 26.600 km. Chng chuyn ng n nh v quay hai vng qu o trongkhong thi gian gn 24 givi vn tc 7 nghn dm mt gi.Cc v tinh trn quoc b tr sao cho cc my thu GPS trn mt t c th nhn thy ti thiu 4 v tinhvo bt k thi im no.

Cc vtinh c cung cp bng nng lng mt tri. Chng c cc ngun pin dphng duy tr hot ng khi chy khut vo vng khng c nh sng mt tri. Cc

tn la nh gn mi qu v tinh gichng bay ng quo nh.

2.2.4.2. Phn kim sot.Mc ch trong phn ny l kim sot v tinh i ng hng theo quo v

thng tin thi gian chnh xc. C 5 trm kim sot t ri rc trn tri t. Bn trmkim sot hot ng mt cch tng, v mt trm kim sot l trung tm. Bn trmny nhn tn hiu lin tc t nhng v tinh v gi cc thng tin ny n trm kim sottrung tm. Ti trm kim sot trung tm, n s sa li d liu cho ng v kt hp vi

hai an-ten khc gi li thng tin cho cc v tinh. Ngoi ra, cn mt trm kim sottrung tm d phng v su trm quan st chuyn bit.


20/93



Trm trung tm cng c th truy cp t cc ng-ten mt t ca U.S. Air ForceSatellite Control Network(AFSCN) v cc trm quan st NGA (National Geospatial-

Intelligence Agency). Cc ng bay ca vtinh c ghi nhn bi cc trm quan st

chuyn dng ca Khng qun Hoa Kt Hawaii, Kwajalein, o Ascension, DiegoGarcia, Colorado Spring, Colorado v Cape Canveral, cng vi cc trm quan stNGA c vn hnh Anh, Argentina, Ecuador, Bahrain, c v Washington DC.

Thng tin ng bay ca vtinh i c gi nAir Force Space Command's MCS

Schriever Air Force Base 25 km ng ng nam ca Colorado Springs, do 2nd SpaceOperations Squadron (2 SOPS) ca U.S. Air Force vn hnh. Sau 2 SOPS lin lcthng xuyn vi mi v tinh GPS thng qua vic cp nht nh v s dng cc ng-ten mt t chuyn dng hoc dng chung (AFSCN)(cc ng-ten GPS mt t chuyndng c t Kwajalein, o Ascension, Diego Garcia, v Cape Canaveral). Cc

thng tin cp nht ny ng b ha vi cc ng h nguyn tt trn v tinh trongvng mt vi phn t giy cho mi v tinh, v hiu chnh lich thin vn ca m hnhquo bn trong mi v tinh. Vic cp nht c to ra bb lc Kalman s dngcc tn hiu/thng tin t cc trm quan st trn mt t, thng tin thi tit khng gian,v cc d liu khc.

2.2.4.3. Phn sdng.Phn s dng l thit b nhn tn hiu vtinh GPS v ngi s dng dng cc thit

b ny ny bit v tr cng nh tc ca mnh.

2.3. Gii thiu phn cng SIM900.2.3.1.c im ca Sim900.

c thit k cho th trng ton cu, SIM900 l mt c cu GSM/GPRS bngtn, lm vic trn di tn s GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz v PCS1900MHz. Cc c tnh SIM900 nh GPRS nhiu khe thao tc: lp 10/ lp 8 v h trcc s m ha GPRS CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4.

Vi mt hnh dng nh 24mm x 24mm x 3mm, SIM900 c th gp hu ht ccnhu cu khng gian trong cc ng dng ca bn, nh l M2M, in thoi thng minh,PDA v cc thit bin thoi khc. Giao tip vt l ti ng dng in thoi thng qua

mt lp SMT 68 chn, n cung cp tt c cc giao tip phn cng gia module vimch ca ngi thit k.

Bn phm v giao din hin th SPI s lm cho ngi s dng linh hot hn trongpht trin ng dng ngi dng.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schriever_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_Space_Operations_Squadron&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_Space_Operations_Squadron&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_Space_Operations_Squadron&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_Space_Operations_Squadron&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Schriever_Air_Force_Base&action=edit&redlink=1


21/93



Cng ni tip v cng Debug c th gip bn d dng pht trin cc ng dng camnh.

Mt knh audio cho mt u vo microphone v 1 u ra loa.SIM900 c thit k vi k thut tit kim nng lng cho s tiu th dng nh

1.5mA trong ch SLEEP.

SIM900 c tch hp giao thc TCP/IP; cc lnh AT mrng cho TCP/IP cpht trin cho khch hng s dng giao thc TCP/IP mt cch d dng, n thc s

hu ch cho cc ng dng truyn d liu.

Hnh7: S chc nng SIM9002.3.2.Mch phn cng sim900.2.3.2.1. Khi ngun.Ngun nui SIM900 l mt ngun mt chiu VBAT = 3.4V4.5V. Trong mt s

trng hp, tn hiu gn sng trong mt vic truyn d liu t ngt c th l nguynnhn dn n st p khi dng tiu thtng ti dng nh c trng 2A. Do nguncp cho sim phi cn cung cp mt dng in ln ti 2A.

Hnh 8: Mch tham chiu cho ngun cp SIM900


22/93



2.3.2.2. Tt\bt SIM900 sdng chn PWKEY.Chng ta c th tt\bt SIM900 bng vic iu khin chn PWKEY xung mc

in p thp vi mt in trdng gii hn (khuyn ngh 1K) ni tip cho mt thigian tr ngn v nhra sau . Chn ny c ni ln VDD_EXT trong module.

Hnh 9: Mchng dng tt/bt SIM900.

2.3.2.3. Ngun nui RTC.Ngun cp cho chc nng RTC (Real Time Clock) ca module c thc cung

cp bi mt tin bn ngoi hoc mt pin thng qua chn VRTC.

Hnh 10: Ngun cp RTC tpin sc li .

Hnh 11: Ngun cp RTC tpin khng sc li .

Hnh 12: Ngun cp RTC ttin.


23/93



2.3.2.4. Giao tip ni tip.SIM900 cung cp hai cng ni tip khng ng b khng cn bng. Mt cng ni

tip v mt cng debug. Module GSM c thit k nh mt DCE (DataCommuication Equipment), i theo kt ni truyn thng DCE-DTE (Data Terminal

Equipment). Module v client (DTE) c kt ni thng qua tn hiu tip theo. Di tntng cho php t1200bps n 115200bps. TXD : Gi d liu ti ng tn hiu RXD ca DTE. RXD : Nhn d liu tng tn hiu TXD ca DTE. DBG_TXD : Gi d liu ti ng tn hiu RXD ca DTE.DBG_RXD : Nhn d liu tng tn hiu TXD ca DTE.

Hnh 13 : Kt ni ca giao tip ni tip.

Hnh 14 : Mch chuyn mc RS232


24/93



2.3.2.5. Giao tip m thanh .Module cung cp mt knh u vo tng t AIN, c th s dng cho chc nng

micr. Micr in dung c khuyn co khi giao tip s dng micr. Cc u ra ktni vi thit b nhn. u ra thit b nhn ch c thiu khin trc tip qua in tr

32.

Hnh 15: Cu hnh giao t ip Speaker

Hnh 16 : Cu hnh gi ao tip tai nghe

2.3.2.6. Giao tip Sim card.Tn chn STT chn Chc nng

SIM_VDD 30 Ngun cp cho simcard, in p c th l 3V10%hoc 1.8V10%. Dng in khong 10mA.

SIM_DATA 31 D liu vo ra simcard.SIM_CLK 32 Tn hiu ng h simcard.SIM_RST 33 Tn hiu reset simcard.SIM_PRESENCE 34 Tn hiu pht hin sim trong simcard.

Bng1: nh ngha cc chn giao tip sim.


25/93



Hnh 17: Mch tham chiu cho simcard 8 chn.

Hnh 18: Mch tham chiu cho simcard 6 chn

2.3.2.7.Schthtrng thi mng.Chn NETLIGHT c th c s dng iu khin n led ch th trng thi

mng. Trng thi ca chn c lit k trong bng di.

Trng thi Chc nng sim900Off SIM900 khng lm vic.

64ms On/ 800ms Off SIM900 khng tm thy mng.

64ms On/ 3000ms Off SIM900 tm thy mng.

64ms On/ 300ms Off Giao tip GPRS.

Bng 2: Bng trng thi lm vic ca NETLIGHT.


26/93



Hnh 19: Mch tham chiu ca NETLIGHT.

2.4.Gii thiu phn cng Sim908.2.4.1.c im ca Sim908.

c thit k cho th trng ton cu, Sim908 c tch hp mt c cuGSM/GPRS hiu sut cao v mt c cu GPS. C cu GSM/GPRS l mt m unGSM/GPRS bng tn, n hot ng tn s GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz, DCS

1800MHz v PCS 1900MHz. Cc c tnh SIM908 nh GPRS nhiu khe thao tc: lp10/ lp 8 v h trcc s m ha GPRS CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4.

Vi mt hnh dng nh 30mmx30mmx3.2mm, Sim908 c th gp hu ht ccnhu cu khng gian trong ng dng ngi dng nh l M2M, in thoi thng minh,PDA, thit b theo di v cc thit bdi ng khc.

Sim908 c 80 chn dn, n cung cp tt c cc giao tip phn cng gia modulev mch ca ngi dng.

Cng ni tip v cng debug gip ngi dng d dng pht trin cc ng dng. Cc ng vo ra dnh cho chc nng nghe,gi v x l m thanh. H trlp trnh cho mc ch chung u vo, u ra. Bn phm v giao din hin th SPI s mang li cho ngi dng s linh hot

pht trin cc ng dng.


27/93



Chn RF v giao din kt ni. SIM908 c thit k vi k thut tit kim nng lng cho s tiu th dngnh 1mA trong ch SLEEP.

SIM908 c tch hp giao thc TCP/IP; cc lnh AT m rng cho TCP/IPc pht trin cho khch hng s dng giao thc TCP/IP mt cch d dng, n

thc s hu ch cho cc ng dng truyn d liu.

2.4.2.ng dng Sim908.Sim908 l module sim tch hp GPRS v GPS do SimCom pht trin s gip cho

ngi s dng tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian v chi ph cho vic s dng. N ckhnng theo di lin tc bt k v tr no vi tn hiu cc k n nh v chnh xc.

Vi nhng li th ni tri nh vy, Sim908 c ng dng trong hu ht cc thit bgim st hnh trnh v nh v v tinh.

Hnh 20: M hnh gim st hot ng phng tin giao thng.

2.5. Cm bin chuyn ng PIR.2.5.1.Nguyn l pht hin.

PIR l ch vit tt ca Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR sensor), tc l b cm binthng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi. Tia hng ngoi (IR) chnh l cc tianhit pht ra t cc vt thnng. Trong cc c th sng, trong chng ta lun c thnnhit (thng thng l 37 C), v tc th chng ta s lun pht ra cc tia nhit,hay cn gi l cc tia hng ngoi, ngi ta s dng mt tbo in chuyn i tia

nhit ra dng tn hiu in v nh m c th lm ra cm bin pht hin cc vt th


28/93



nng ang chuyn ng. Cm bin ny gi l thng v n khng dng ngun nhitt pht (lm ngun tch cc, hay ch ng) m ch ph thuc vo cc ngun thnnhit, l thn nhit ca cc thc thkhc, nh con ngi con vt...

2.5.2.Cu trc cm bin PIR.

Hnh 21: Cu trc cm bin chuyn ng PIR.Trn y l u d PIR, loi bn trong gn 2 cm bin tia nhit, n c 3 chn

ra, mt chn ni masse, mt chn ni vi ngun in p DC, mc p lm vic c th t3 n 15V. Gc d ln. tng nhy cho u d, dng knh Fresnel, n c thitk cho loi u c 2 cm bin, gc d ln, c tc dng ngn tia t ngoi.

2.5.3.Nguyn l lm vic ca loi u d PIR.Cc ngun nhit (vi ngi v con vt l ngun thn nhit) u pht ra tia hng

ngoi, qua knh Fresnel, qua kch lc ly tia hng ngoi, n c cho tiu t trn 2cm bin hng ngoi gn trong u d, v to ra in p c khuch i vi transistorFET. Khi c mt vt nng i ngang qua, t 2 cm bin ny s cho xut hin 2 tn hiuv tn hiu ny sc khuch i c bin cao v a vo mch so p tcng vo mt thit biu khin hay bo ng.


29/93



Hnh 22: Nguyn l pht hin chuyn ng ngang ca cc ngun thn nh it.

Hnh v cho thy 2 vng cm ng nhy cm tng ng vi 2 cm bin trong

u d. Khi c mt con vt i ngang, t thn con vt s lun pht ra tia nhit, n ctiu t mnh vi knh Fresnel v ri tiu t trn bia l cm bin hng ngoi, vy khi

con vt i ngang, u ra ca u d chng ta s thy xut hin mt tn hiu, tn hiuny sc cho vo mch xl to tc dng iu khin hay bo ng.

Hnh 23: Mchng dng cm bin PIR ng ngt thit bqua rle.

Phn tch s mch in:

S cho thy, bu do PIR c 3 chn, chn 3 cho ni masse, chn 1 ni vong ngun v chn 2 cho xut ra tn hiu, nguyn do phi phn cc cho u PIR lv bn trong n c dng transistor FET. R2 (100K) l in tr ly tn hiu. Tn hiuny cho qua 2 tng khuch i vi IC1A v IC2B. y, ngi ta dng mch hi tipnghch vi R4 (1M), R3 (10K) v tC2 (10uF) nh li cho tng khuch i ny(do 1M/10K = 100, nn li tng ny ly khong 100), t C3 (0.1uF) c tc dng p


30/93



dy tn hp li, ch cho lm vic vng tn thp b vng tn cao (v tc nhn nhit cqun tnh ln, thng thay i rt chm), tn hiu ly ra trn chn 1 cho qua in trgim bin R5 (10K) v t lin lc C4 (10uF) vo tng khuch i sau trn chn s 6.

Mch dng in trR6 (1M), diode D1, D2 v in trR7 (1M) to thnh cuchia p, n ly p phn cc cho chn 5 ca tng khuch i v to in p mu (Vref)cp cho chn 9 (ngvo o) v chn 12 (ngvo khng o) ca 2 tng so p IC1Cv IC1D. in trR8 (1M) v t C5 (0.1uF) to tc dng hi tip nghch, n nh chotng khuch i IC1B. Tn hiu cm bin sau khi c khuch i cho ra trn chn 7,ri cng lc a vo 2 tng so p trn chn 10 v chn 13. y l 2 tng so p c chutrnh hi sai, dng to ra xung kch thch c dc tt, kch vo tng a hi n ntrong ic CD4538, diode D3 v diode D4 c cng dng cch ly trnh nh hng qua li

ca 2 ng ra trn chn 8 v chn 14.

CD 4538 l ic logic c 2 tng n n, n nh thi gian qu (thi gian tr)theo thi hng ca in trR10 (1M) v t C6 (1uF) trn chn s 2. Xung lm chuyntrng thi a vo trn chn 4, khi chuyn mch mc p cao cho xut hin trn chn s6, n s kch dn transistor Q1, v Q1 cp dng cho relay ng cc tip im lkim. Do dng mch n n, nh thi theo thi hng ca R10 v t C6, nn ch sau

mt thi gian qui nh, mch s t trli trng thi n nh ban u, Q1 s tt v relays b ct dng v nh tip im l kim ra. Mch c th lm vic vi mc ngun nui t

5 n 12V (Ch mc ngun nui chn loi relay cho thch hp).

Tm li, khi c ngi i ngang qua bu d, ngun thn nhit ca ngi haycon vt stc kch vo u d PIR, th relay sc cp dng ng cc tip iml kim, Bn c th dng cc tip im ny mn, v sau mt lc mch n n tr

v trng thi vn c v n s t tt.

2.6. Kho st tp lnh AT Command.Cc lnh AT l cc hng dn c s dng iu khin mt modem. AT l

mt cch vit gn ca ch Attention. Mi dng lnh ca n bt u vi AT hay at. l l do ti sao cc lnh modem c gi l cc lnh AT. Nhiu lnh ca n cs dng iu khin cc modem quay s s dng dy mi (wired dial-up modems),chng hn nh ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hool control) v ATO (return to

online data state), cng c h trbi cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in thoi ding.

Bn cnh b lnh AT thng dng ny, cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in thoi

di ng cn c h trbi mt b lnh AT c bit i vi cng ngh GSM. N baogm cc lnh lin quan ti SMS nh AT+ CMGS (gi tin nhn SMS), AT+CMSS


31/93



(gi tin nhn SMS t mt vng l tr), AT+CMGL (chui lit k cc tin nhn SMS)v AT+CMGR (c tin nhn SMS).

Ngoi ra, cc modem GSM cn h trmt b lnh AT mrng. Nhng lnh AT

mrng ny c nh ngha trong cc chun ca GSM. Vi cc lnh AT mrngny, bn c th lm mt s thnh sau:

c, vit, xa tin nhn. Gi tin nhn SMS. Kim tra chiu di tn hiu. Kim tra trng thi sc pin v mc sc ca pin. c, vit v tm kim v cc mc danh b.

2.6.1.Cc lnh kim tra ban u.Ly thng tin c bn vin thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS. V dnh

tn ca nh sn xut (AT+CGMI), s model (AT+CGMM), s IMEI (International

Mobile Equipment Identity) (AT+CGSN) v phin bn phn mm (AT+CGMR).

Ly cc thng tin c bn v nhng ngi k tn di y. Th d, MSISDN

(AT+CNUM) v s IMS (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) (AT+CIMI).

Ly thng tin trng thi hin ti ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS.V dnh trng thi hot ng ca in thoi (AT+CPAS), trng thi ng k mng

mobile (AT+CREG), chiu di sng radio (AT+CSQ), mc sc pin v trng thi scpin (AT+CBC).

c (AT+CPBR), vit (AT+CPBW) hay tm kim (AT+CPBF) c mc v danhbin thoi (phonebook).

Thc thi cc nhim v lin quan ti an ton, chng hn nh mhay ng cc

kha chc nng (AT+CLCK), kim tra xem mt chc nng c kha hay cha v

thay i password (AT+CPWD).

iu khin hot ng ca cc m kt qu/cc thng bo li ca cc lnh AT. Vd, bn c thiu khin cho php hay khng cho php kch hot hin th thng boli (AT+CMEE) v cc thng bo li nn c hin th theo dng s hay theo dng

dng ch (AT+CMEE=1 hay AT+CMEE=2).


32/93



Thit lp thay thay i cu hnh ca in thoi di dng hay modem GSM/GPRS.V d, thay i mng GSM (AT+COPS), loi dch v ca b truyn tin (AT+CBST),cc thng s protocol lin kt vi radio (AT+CRLP), a ch trung tm SMS

(AT+CSCA) v khu vc lu tr cc tin nhn SMS (AT+CPMS).Lu v phc hi cc cu hnh ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS.

V du, lu (AT+COPS) v phc hi (AT+CRES) cc thit lp lin quan ti tin nhn

SMS chng hn nh a ch trung tm tin nhn SMS.

2.6.2.Cc lnh khi to. Lnh AT

Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v:OK

Bt u thc hin cc lnh tip theo.

Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng:

+CMS ERROR

Lnh AT+CMGF=[] Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v:OK

: 0 dng d liu PDU.

1 dng d liu kiu text.


+CMS ERROR

Lnh AT&W[]Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v:OK

Lu cu hnh cho GSM Module Sim.


+CMS ERROR

Lnh ATE[]Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v:OK


33/93



0 Tt ch Echo

1 Bt ch Echo

Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng:+CMS ERROR

2.6.3.Cc lnh xl cuc gi . Lnh thc hin cuc gi:

ATD

V d: mun quay s ti sin thoi 01266609025 th ta g lnh

ATD01266609025;

: Enter

Lnh nhc my:ATA

V d: khi c sin thoai no gi n sin thoi c gn trn modem Sim, ta

mun nhc my kt ni th g lnh:ATA

Lnh b cuc gi:ATH

V d: khi c sin thoai no gi n sin thoi c gn trn modem Sim, takhng mun nhc my m t chi cuc gi th g lnh:

ATH

2.6.4.Cc lnh v SMS. Lnh xa tin nhn:

AT+CMGD

V d: mun xa mt tin nhn no c lu trn sim th ta thc hin lnh sau:

AT+CMGD=


34/93



: vtr ngn nhlu tin nhn

Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v: OK

Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng:+CMS ERROR

Lnh c tin nhn:AT+CMGR=[,mode]

: snguyn, l vtr ngn nhcha tin nhn cn c.

: 0 dng d liu PDU.

1 dng d liu kiu text.

Nu nh lnh c thc hin th kiu d liu tr vdi dng text ( mode=1):

T SMS-DELIVER:+CMGR:,,[],[,,,,,,,]

T SMS-SUBMIT:+CMGR:,,[][,,,,,[],,,]

T SMSSTATUS - REPORTS:+CMGR: ,,,[],[],,,

T SMS-COMMANDS:+CMGR:,,[,,[],[],[],]

T CBM storage+CMGR:,,,,,

Nu d liu tr v dng PDU(mode=0):

+CMGR: ,[],


35/93



Nu lnh b li th tr vdi dng:+CMS ERROR:

Lnh gi tin nhn SMS:

AT+CMGS

Nu gi tin nhn di dng text:(+CMGF=1):

+CMGS=[] text is entered

Nu gi tin nhn dng PDU:(+CMGF=0):

+CMGS= PDU is given

Lnh c thc hin thnh cng thi d liu tr v:

Dng text : +CMGS:

OK

Dng PDU : +CMGS:

OK

Lnh b li : +CMS ERROR:

Lnh vit tin nhn ri lu vo ngn nh:AT+CMGW

Nu vit tin nhn di dng text :

AT+CMGW=[[,[,]]]text is entered

Lnh c thc hin ng th d liu tr v dng:

+CMGW:

OK

Lnh sai th d liu tr v dng:+CMS ERROR:


36/93



Nu vit tin nhn di dng PDU:

AT+CMGW=[,] PDU is given

Lnh gi tin nhn t mt ngn nhno :

AT+CMSS=[,[,]]

Nu lnh c thc hin thnh cng d liu tr v dng:

Dng text: +CMGS: [,]

OK

Dng PDU: +CMGS: [,]

OK

Nu lnh b li th d liu tr v dng:+CMS ERROR:

Lnh bo hiu tin nhn mi:AT+CNMI=[[,[, [,[,]]]]]

Nu lnh c thc hin ng th d liu tr v dng: OK

Nu lnh b li th d liu tr v dng:+CMS ERROR:

2.6.5.Cc lnh v GPRS.Bng 3: Chc nng cc lnh GPRS.

STT Lnh Chc nng lnh

1 AT+CGATT Lnh gn hay tch thit b khi GPRS.

2 AT+CGDCONT nh ngha dng PDP.3 AT+CGQMIN Cht lng dich vmc thp nht.

4 AT+CGQREQ Cht lng dich v.

5 AT+CGDATA Trng thi d liu vo.

6 AT+CGREG Tnh trng ng k ca mng.

7 AT+CGCOUNT m gi d liu vo.


37/93



2.6.6.Cc lnh v GPS.SimCom cung cp cho chng ta h thng cc lnh AT Command iu khin

GPS, nhim v quan trng l khnng p dng lnh vo tng ng dng m chng ta

mong mun.

2.6.6.1.Tng quan cc tp lnh c bn.STT Lnh Chc nng

1 AT+CGPSPWR iu khin ngun GPS.

2 AT+CGPSRST t li ch GPS(Hot/Warm/Cold).

3 AT+CGPSINF Nhn thng tin v tr GPS hin ti.

4 AT+CGPSOUT iu khin d liu ra NMEA GPS.

5 AT+CGPSSTATUS Tnh trng GPS.

6 AT+CGPSIPR Set tc baudrate.

Bng 4: Chc nng cc lnh GPS.

2.6.6.2. Cu hnh cc tp lnh v GPS. Lnh AT+CGPSPWR:a. Lnh test:

AT+CGPSPWR=?

Phn hi: +CGPSPWR:(danh sch cc mode)

b. Lnh c:AT+CGPSPWR?

Phn hi: +CGPSPWR:[mode]

c. Lnh ghi:AT+CGPSPWR=[mode]

[mode]:0 tt ngun GPS.

[mode]:1 bt ngun GPS.


38/93



Lnh AT+CGPSRST:a. Lnh test:

AT+CGPSRST=?Phn hi: +CGPSRST:(danh sch cc mode)

b. Lnh c:AT+CGPSRST?

Phn hi: +CGPSRST:[mode]

c. Lnh ghi:AT+CGPSRST=[mode]

[mode]: 0 reset GPS in COLD start mode

[mode]: 1 mode tng

Lnh AT+CGPSINF:a. Lnh test:

AT+CGPSINF=?

Phn hi: +CGPSINF:(0,2,4,8,16,32,64,128)

b. Lnh c:AT+CGPSINF=[mode]

Nu [mode] l 0 th:Phn hi:[mode],[kinh ],[v],[ cao],[UTC time],[TTFF],[num],[tc ],[course]

Nu [mode] l:21: cc thng s xem ph lc A.1 $GPGGA [1]22: cc thng s xem ph lc A.2 GPGLL [1]23: cc thng s xem ph lc A.3 GPGSA [1]24: cc thng s xem ph lc A.4 GPGSV [1][2]


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25: cc thng s xem ph lc A.5 GPRMC [1]26: cc thng s xem ph lc A.6 GPVTG [1]

2

7

: cc thng s xem ph lc A.7 GPZDA [1][1] khng bao gm cc thng s:massage ID, checksum, [CR][LF]

[2] bao gm cc thng s:

Satellites in view

Satellites ID

elevation

azimuth

SNR(C/N0)

Lnh AT+CGPSOUT:a. Lnh test:

AT+CGPSOUT=?

Phn hi: +CGPSOUT:(0-255)

b. Lnh c:AT+CGPSOUT?

Phn hi: +CGPSOUT:[mode]

c. Lnh ghi:AT+CGPSOUT=[mode]

Nu mode l 0 th: gim thiu thng tin ng ra GPS NMEA t Debug UARTNu: Bit1=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPGGA, xem ph lc A.1

Bit2=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPGLL, xem ph lc A.2

Bit3=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPGSA, xem ph lc A.3

Bit4=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPGSV, xem ph lc A.4


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Bit5=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPRMC, xem ph lc A.5

Bit6=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPVTG, xem ph lc A.6

Bit7=1, cho php d liu ng ra NMEA $GPZDA, xem ph lc A.7 Lnh AT+CGPSSTATUS:a. Lnh test

AT+CGPSSTATUS=?

Phn hi: +CGPSSTATUS:(danh sch cc mode )

b. Lnh c:AT+CGPSSTATUS?

Phn hi: +AT+CGPSSTATUS: [mode]

Cc thng s GPS MODE RESET

[mode] l mt gi tr chui:

Location UnKnown: GPS khng chy Location Not Fix: GPS chy v khng cnh Location 2D Fix: trng thi GPS cnh 2D Location 3D Fix: trng thi GPS cnh 3D Lnh AT+CGPSIPR:

a. Lnh test:AT+CGPSIPR=?

Phn hi: +CGPSIPR:(danh sch mode)

b. Lnh c:AT+CGPSIPR:[mode]

c. Lnh ghi:AT+CGPSIPR=[mode]

[mode]: 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200,230400,460800


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2.6.7.Cc lnh khc. Lnh a model v ch ngh:

AT+CFUNV d mun tt ht chc nng lin quan n truyn nhn sng RF v cc chc nng

lin quan n sim th g lnh:

AT+CFUN=0

OK

Lnh chuyn t ch ngh sang ch hot ng bnh thng:AT+CFUN

V dsim ang ch ngh ta mun chuyn sang ch hot ng bnh thng thg lnh:

AT+CFUN=1

OK

Lnh reset mode:ATZ

OK

Lnh tt ch echo:ATE0


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CHNG III: KHO ST VI IU KHIN ATMEGA128DS1307


CHNG IIIKHO ST VI IU KHIN ATMEGA128DS1307

3.1. Tng quan vi iu khin AVR.Vi iu khin AVR do hng Atmel ( Hoa K ) sn xut c gii thiu ln u

nm 1996. AVR c rt nhiu dng khc nhau bao gm dng Tiny AVR ( nh AT tiny13, AT tiny 22) c kch thc b nhnh, t b phn ngoi vi, ri n dng AVR

(chng hn AT90S8535, AT90S8515,) c kch thc b nhvo loi trung bnh vmnh hn l dng Mega (nhATmega32, ATmega128,) vi b nhc kch thcvi Kbyte n vi trm Kb cng vi cc b ngoi vi a dng c tch hp trn chip,cng c dng tch hp c b LCD trn chip (dng LCD AVR ). Tc ca dng Mega

cng cao hn so vi cc dng khc. S khc nhau c bn gia cc dng chnh l cutrc ngoi vi, cn nhn th vn nh nhau. t bit, nm 2008, Atmel li tip tc cho ra

i dng AVR mi l XmegaAVR, vi nhng tnh nng mnh mcha tng c ccdng AVR trc . C th ni XmegaAVR l dng MCU 8 bit mnh m nht hinnay.

3.1.1.c tnh vi iu khin ATmeg128. ROM : 128 Kbytes SRAM: 4Kbytes EEPROM : 4Kbytes 64 thanh ghi I/O

160 thanh ghi vo ra mrng 32 thanh ghi a mc ch. 2 bnh thi 8 bit (0,2). 2 bnh thi 16 bit (1,3). Bnh thi watchdog Bdao ng ni RC tn s 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz ADC 8 knh vi phn gii 10 bit ( dng Xmega ln ti 12 bit ) 2 knh PWM 8 bit 6 knh PWM c th lp trnh thay i phn gii t 2 ti 16 bit Bso snh tng t c th la chn ng vo Hai khi USART lp trnh c Khi truyn nhn ni tip SPI Khi giao tip ni tip 2 dy TWI H trboot loader 6 ch tit kim nng lng La chn tn s hot ng bng phn mm ng gi 64 chn kiu TQFP. Tn s ti a 16MHz in th : 4.5v - 5.5v


43/93



3.1.1.Cu trc vi iu khin AVR.

Hnh 24: Cu trc vi iu khin AVR.

3.1.2.Cu trc b nhvcng vo - ra.3.1.2.1. Cu trc b nh.

B nhvi iu khin AVR c cu trc Harvard l cu trc c ng Bus ringcho b nhchng trnh v b nhd liu. B nhAVR c chia lm 2 phn chnh:B nhchng trnh ( program memory ) v b nhd liu ( Data memory ).

B nhchng trnh : B nhchng trnh ca AVR l b nhFlash c dunglng 128 K bytes. B nhchng trnh c rng bus l 16 bit. Nhng a chu

tin ca b nhchng trnh c dng cho bng vc t ngt ( xem chi tit v bngvc t ngt chng 4 ). Cn l vi iu khin ATmega128 b nhchngtrnh cn c th c chia lm 2 phn : phn boot loader (Boot loader programsection) v phn ng dng ( Application program section ).

Phn boot loader cha chng trnh boot loader. Chng trnh Boot loader lmt phn mm nh np trong vi iu khin v c chy lc khi ng. Phn mmny c th ti vo trong vi iu khin chng trnh ca ngi s dng v sau thcthi chng trnh ny. Mi khi reset vi iu khin CPU s nhy ti thc thi chngtrnh boot loader trc, chng trnh boot loader sd xem c chng trnh no cn

np vo vi iu khin hay khng, nu c chng trnh cn np, boot loader s npchng trnh vo vng nh ng dng (Application program section ), ri thc thi


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chng trnh ny. Ngc li, boot loader s chuyn ti chng trnh ng dng c sntrong vng nhng dng thc thi chng trnh ny.

Phn ng dng (Application program section ) l vng nhcha chng trnhng dng ca ngi dng. Kch thc ca phn boot loader v phn ng dng c thty chn. Hnh 2.1 th hin cu trc b nhchng trnh c s dng v khng s dng

boot loader, khi s dng phn boot loader ta thy 4 word u tin thay v ch th choCPU chuyn ti chng trnh ng dng ca ngi dng (l chng trnh c nhn start)

th ch th CPU nhy ti phn chng trnh boot loader thc hin trc, ri miquay trli thc hin chng trnh ng dng.

Hnh 25: B nhchng trnh c v khng sdng Bootloader.

B NhD Liu : B nhd liu ca AVR chia lm 2 phn chnh l b nhSRAM v b nhEEPROM. Tuy cng l b nhd liu nhng hai b nhny li tch

bit nhau v c nh a ch ring. B nhSRAM c dng lng 4 K bytes, B nhSRAM c hai ch hot ng l ch thng thng v ch tng thch vi


45/93



ATmega103, mun thit lp b nhSRAM hot ng theo ch no ta s dng bitcu ch M103C ( M103C fuse bit (9) ).

B nhSRAM chbnh thng : chbnh thng b nhSRAMc chia thnh 5 phn: Phn u l 32 thanh ghi chc nng chung (General PurposeRegister ) R0 n R31 c a ch t $0000 ti $001F. Phn th 2 l khng gian nh

vo ra vi 64 thanh ghi vo ra ( I/O Register ) c a ch t $0020 ti $005F. Phn th3 dng cho vng nhdnh cho cc thanh ghi vo ra mrng (Extended I/O Registers)c a ch t $0060 ti $00FF. Phn th 4 l vng SRAM ni vi 4096 byte c a cht $0100 ti $10FF. Phn th 5 l vng nhSRAM ngoi ( External SRAM ) bt uta ch $1100, vng SRAM mrng ny c th mrng ln n 64 K byte. Khi ni

b nhSRAM c dung lng 4 K byte l ni ti phn th 4 ( SRAM ni ). Nu tnh ccc thanh ghi th b nhSRAM trong chbnh thng s l 4.25 K byte = 4352

byte.

B nhSRAM chtng thch ATmega103 : ch ny b nhSRAM cbn cng ging chbnh thng, ngoi tr phn th 3 l vng nhdnh cho cc

thanh ghi vo ra m rng khng tn ti, ngoi ra kch thc ca phn SRAM ni (internal SRAM ) ch c 4000 byte so vi 4096 byte chbnh thng. Hnh 2.2 th

hin s b nhd liu c hai ch: Bnh thng v tng thch ATmega103.T hnh 2.2 ta thy nu cu hnh b nhSRAM hot ng ch tng thch

ATmega103 th ta s b mt i 160 thanh ghi vo ra mrng ( extended I/O Register ),l nhng thanh ghi ng vai tr quan trng trong cc ch hot ng ca vi iukhin.

Hnh 26: Cu trc b nhdl iu.

3.1.2.2. Cng vo/ra Atmega128.Cng vo ra l mt trong scc phng tin vi iu khin giao tip vi cc

thit b ngoi vi. ATmega128 c 7 cng ( Port ) vo/ra 8 bit l : PortA, PortB, PortC,


46/93



PortD, PortE, PortF, PortG, tng ng vi 56 ng vo ra. Cc cng vo ra ca AVRl cng vo ra hai chiu c thnh hng, tc c th chn hng ca cng l hng

vo (input ) hay hng ra (output ). Tt cc cc cng vo ra ca AVR iu c tnhnng cChnh saGhi ( ReadModifywrite ) khi s dng chng nh l cc

cng vo ra sthng thng. iu ny c ngha l khi ta thay i hng ca mt chnno th n khng lm nh hng ti hng ca cc chn khc. Tt c cc chn cacc cng ( port ) u c in trko ln ( pull-up ) ring, ta c th cho php hay khngcho php in trko ln ny hot ng.

in trko ln l mt in trc dng khi thit k cc mch in t logic.N c mt u c ni vi ngun in p dng (thng l Vcc hoc Vdd) v ucn li c ni vi tn hiu li vo/ra ca mt mch logic chc nng. in trkoln c thc lp t ti cc li vo ca cc khi mch logic thit lp mc logicli vo ca khi mch khi khng c thit b ngoi ni vi li vo. in trko lncng c thc lp t ti cc giao din gia hai khi mch logic khng cng loilogic, c bit l khi hai khi mch ny c cp ngun khc nhau. Ngoi ra, in trko ln cn c lp t ti li ra ca khi mch khi li ra khng th ni ngun todng, v d cc linh kin logic TTL c cc gp h. i vi h logic lng cc vi

ngun nui 5 Vdc th gi tr ca in trko ln thng nm trong khong 1000 n5000 Ohm, ty theo yu cu cp dng trn ton gii hot ng ca mch. Vi lgcCMOS v logic MOS chng ta c th s dng cc in trc gi tr ln hn nhiu,

thng t vi ngn n mt triu Ohm do dng r r cn thit li vo l rt nh.Trong vic thit k cc vi mch ng dng, nu mt IC c ng ra loi cc thu hgiao tip vi nhiu IC khc th gi tr ca in trko ln stng i nh (khongvi trm Ohm). Bi v lc ny h s fanout ln dn n dng ng ra ca IC phi ln cung cp cho cc ng vo ca cc IC khc, nu khng vi mch s hot ng chpchn hoc c th khng hot ng.

3.1.2.3.Cch thc hot ng.Khi kho st cc cng nh l cc cng vo ra sthng thng th tnh cht ca

cc cng ( PortA, PortB,PortG ) l tng t nhau, nn ta ch cn kho st mt cngno trong s 7 cng ca vi iu khin l . Mi mt cng vo ra ca vi iu khinc lin kt vi 3 thanh ghi : PORTx, DDRx, PINx. ( y x l thay th cho A,B,G ). Ba thanh ghi ny s c phi hp vi nhau iu khin hot ng cacng, chng hn thit lp cng thnh li vo c s dng in trpull-up...

Thanh ghi DDRx.y l thanh ghi 8 bit ( c thc ghi ) c chc nng iu khin hng ca cng

(l li ra hay li vo ). Khi mt bit ca thanh ghi ny c set ln 1 th chn tng ng


47/93



vi n c cu hnh thnh ng ra. Ngc li, nu bit ca thanh ghi DDRx l 0 thchn tng ng vi n c thit lp thnh ng vo. Ly v d: Khi ta set tt c 8 bit

ca thanh ghi DDRA u l 1, th 8 chn tng ng ca portA l PA1, PA2, PA7(tng ng vi cc chn s50, 49, 44 ca vi iu khin) c thit lp thnh ng ra.

Thanh ghi PORTx.PORTx l thanh ghi 8 bit c thc ghi. y l thanh ghi d liu ca PORTx,

Nu thanh ghi DDRx thit lp cng l li ra, khi gi tr ca thanh ghi PORTx cngl gi tr ca cc chn tng ng ca PORTx, ni cch khc, khi ta ghi mt gi trlogic ln 1 bit ca thanh ghi ny th chn tng ng vi bit cng c cng mclogic. Khi thanh ghi DDRx thit lp cng thnh li vo th thanh ghi PORTx ng vai

tr nh mt thanh ghi iu khin cng. C th , nu mt bit ca thanh ghi ny cghi thnh 1 th in trtreo ( pull-up resistor ) chn tng ng vi n sc kchhot, ngc li nu bit c ghi thnh 0 th in trtreo chn tng ng s khngc kch hot, cng trng thi cao tr( Hi-Z ).

Thanh ghi PINx.PINx khng phi l mt thanh ghi thc s, y l a ch trong b nhI/O kt

ni trc tip ti cc chn ca cng. Khi ta c PORTx tc ta c d liu c chttrong PORTx, cn khi c PINx th gi tr logic hin thi chn ca cng tng ngc c. V thi vi thanh ghi PINx ta ch c thc m khng th ghi. Bng 25

th hin cc cc thit lp cch hot c th c ca cng.

Bng cu hnh cho cc chn cng:

DDRxn PORTxn PDU I/O Pull-up Ch thch

0 0 X Ng vo Khng Cao tr.

0 1 0 Ng vo c Nh 1 ngun dng.


48/93



0 1 1 Ng vo Khng Cao tr.

1 0 X Ng ra Khng Ng ra thp.

1 1 X Ng ra c Ng ra cao.

Bng 5: Cu hnh cho cc chn cng.

3.1.3.Bnh thi Atmega128.ATmega128 c 4 bnh thi: bnh thi 1 v 3 l bnh thi 16 bit, bnh

thi 0 v 2 l bnh thi 8 bit.

Hnh 27: S khi bnh thi 16 bit.

3.1.3.1. Cc nh ngha.Cc nh ngha sau sc s dng cho bnh thi 1 v 3 :

o BOTTOM : Bm t ti gi tr BOTTOM khi n c gi tr 0000ho MAX : Bm t ti gi tr MAX khi n bng FFFFh


49/93



o TOP : Bm t gi tr TOP khi n bng vi gi tr cao nht trong chuim, gi tr cao nht trong chui m khng nht thit l FFFFh m c th l bt k gi

trno c quy nh trong thanh ghi OCRnX (X=A,B,C) hay ICRn, ty theo chthc thi.

3.1.3.2. Cc thanh ghi bnh thi 1. Thanh ghi TCCR1A (Timer/Counter1 Control Register)

Bit 7:6COMnA1:0: Compare Output Mode for Channel A Bit 5:4COMnB1:0: Compare Output Mode for Channel B Bit 3:2COMnC1:0: Compare Output Mode for Channel C Bit 1:0WGMn1:0: Waveform Generation ModeBit 7:2COMnX1:0 (X=A, B, C): Compare Output Mode for Channel X : iu

khin cch hot ng ca ng ra so snh (compare output) ca ln lt cc chnOCnA, OCnB v OCnC. Nu mt hay chai bit COMnA1:0 c set ln 1 th ng ra

OCnA su tin hn chc nng port I/O thng thng m n kt ni ti . Nu mt

hay chai bit COMnB1:0 c set ln 1 th ng ra OCnB su tin hn chc nngport I/O thng thng m n kt ni ti . Nu mt hay chai bit COMnC1:0 c setln 1 th ng ra OCnC su tin hn chc nng port I/O thng thng m n kt niti, iu ny c ngha l mi mt chn ca vi iu khin c th thc hin nhiu chcnng khc nhau, bnh thng cc chn OCnA, OCnB, OCnC hot ng nh cc chn

vo ra thng thng, nhng khi b nh thi ang hot ng cc ch c sdng ti chc nng so snh khp (compare match) nh cc chCTC, PWM,ca

bnh thi th hnh vi ca chn ng ra OCnA, OCnB, OCnC s do bnh thi iu

khin. Tuy nhin ch l bit ca thanh ghi DDR tng ng vi cc chn OCnA,OCnB, OCnC phi c set cho php ng ra. Khi OCnA, OCnB, OCnC c ktni ti chn th tc dng ca cc bit COMnX1:0 cn ph thuc vo la chn ca cc

bit WGM3:0, ngha l khi ta set mt hay c hai Bit COMn1:0 ln 1 th chc nng ngra so snh c u tin, tuy nhin cch hot ng ng ra OCnX nh th no th cn

ph thuc vo vic la chn ca cc bit WGMn3:0, c th hin trong cc bng di(Bng 4, 5, 6). Trong cc ch PWM, khi gi tr cc thanh ghi dng so snh(OCRnX, ICRn) c gi tr bng vi TOP, th s kin so snh khp (compare match) b

b qua. Tuy vy cc chn OCnX vn b set hay xa (ty vo cc bit COMnX 1:0) BOTTOM.


50/93



Bng 6:u ra so snh ch non-PWM.

Bng 7:u ra so snh ch fast-PWM.

Bng 8:u ra so snh ch PWM hiu chnh pha vtn s.

Bit 1:0 WGMn1:0: Waveform Generation Mode : Kt hp vi cc bitWGMn3:2 tm trong thanh ghi TCCRnB , nhng bit ny cho php ta la chn ch


51/93



thc thi ca bnh thi, nh c thiu khin vic m tun t ca bm. Gitr bm ln nht l TOP v dng sng to ra chn OCnX (X=A, B, C; n=1, 3)

c s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau (bng 61). Cc ch thc thi c htr bi khi Timer/counter l : Normal mode ( counter ), Clear Timer on Compare

match (CTC) mode , PWM mode. l vi bnh thi 1 th c 4 bit WGM l:WGM13, WGM12,WGM11 v WGM10.

Bng 9:La chn cc ch thc thi ca bnh thi 1.

Thanh ghi TCCR1B.

Bit 7ICNCn: Input Capture Noise Canceler Bit 6ICESn: Input Capture Edge Select Bit 5Reserved Bit Bit 4:3WGMn3:2: Waveform Generation Mode Bit 2:0CSn2:0: Clock Select


52/93



Bit 7ICNCn: Input Capture Noise Canceler (vit tt: ICNC): Vic set bit nyti 1 s kch hot chc nng chng nhiu ca b chng nhiu li vo ( ICNC ). Khi

chc nng ICNC c kch hot th ng vo t chn ICPn sc lc. Chc nng lci hi 4 mu c gi tr bng nhau lin tip chn ICPn cho sthay i ng ra ca n

( xem chi tit v khi Input Capture ).

Bit 6ICESn: Input Capture Edge Select: Bit ny la chn cnh chn InputCapture Pin (ICPn) dng bt s kin trigger ( Trigger event (10)). Khi bit ICESnc thit lp thnh 0 th mt cnh dng xung ( falling (3)) c dng nh mttrigger. Ngc li, khi bit ny c set thnh 1 th mt cnh m ln (rising (4) ) cdng nh mt trigger. Khi xy ra s kin Input capture (2) (theo thit lp ca bitICESn l 1 hay 0) th gi tr ca b m c ghi vo thanh ghi Input CaptureRegister ICRn (n=1, 3), v khi cICFn (Input Capture Flag) c set. iu ny sto ra mt ngt Input capture nu ngt ny c cho php. Khi thanh ghi ICRn cs dng nh mt gi trTOP th chn ICPn khng c kt ni v v th chc nngInput capture khng c cho php.

Bit 5 : D tr. Bit 4:3-WGMn3:2: Waveform Generation Mode: Xem phn thanh ghi

TCCR1A.

Bit 2:0CSn2:0: Clock Select : Dng la chn tc xung clock (bng 8). cm bnh thi hot ng ta ch cn cho {CSn2, CSn1, CSn0} = {0, 0, 0}.

Bng 10: La chn tc xung clock.


53/93



Thanh ghi TCCR1C.

Bit 7FOCnA: Force Output Compare for Channel A. Bit 6FOCnB: Force Output Compare for Channel B. Bit 5FOCnC: Force Output Compare for Channel C. Bit 4:0Reserved Bits.

Cc bit FOCnA/FOCnB/FOCnC ch hot ng khi cc bit WGMn3:0 ch nhch Non-PWM. Khi cc bit FOCnA/FFOCnB/FOCnC c set thnh 1 th ngay lptc mt s kin So snh khp cng ch (Forced Compare Match (1)) xy ra trong

b to sng. Ng ra OCnA/OCnB/OCnC c thay i theo thit lp ca cc bit

COMnX 1:0 (n=1, 3; X=A, B, C), ngha l bnh thng s kin so snh khp chxy ra khi khi gi tr bnh thi (thanh ghi TCNTn (n=1, 3) ) bng vi gi tr thanhghi OCRnX( n=1,3; X=A,B,C), nhng khi cc bit FOCnX( n=1, 3; X=A, B, C) cset thnh 1 th s kin so snh khp s xy ra mc d gi tr ca b nh thi khng

bng vi gi tr ca thanh ghi OCRnX( n=1,3; X=A,B,C). Ch l cc bitFOCnA/FOCnB/FOCnC cng hot ng nh l nhng que d (strobe), v th n l gitr hin thi ca cc bit COMnX1:0 xc nh tc ng ca so snh cng ch (forcedcompare). Cc que d FOCnA/FOCnB/FOCnC khng to ra bt k ngt no v cngkhng xa bnh thi trong ch CTC s dng thanh ghi OCRnA nh l gi trTOP. Cc bit FOCnA/FOCnB/FOCnC ch c thghi, khi c cc bit ny ta lun nhnc gi tr 0. Bit 4:0 d tr, phi ghi thnh 0 khi ghi vo thanh ghi TCCRnC.

3.1.4.Cu trc ngt ca ATmega128.3.1.4.1. Khi nim v ngt.

Ngt l mt s kin bn trong hay bn ngoi lm ngt bvi iu khin bocho n bit rng thit b cn dch v ca n. Mt bvi iu khin c th phc v mt

vi thit b, c hai cch thc hin iu ny l s dng cc ngt (interrupt) vthm d (polling). Trong phng php s dng cc ngt th mi khi c mt thit b btk cn n dch v ca n th n bo cho bvi iu khin bng cch gi mt tn hiungt. Khi nhn c tn hiu ngt th bvi iu khin ngt tt c nhng g n ang

thc hin chuyn sang phc v thit b. Chng trnh i cng vi ngt c gi l


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trnh dch v ngt ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) hay cn gi l trnh qun l ngt(Interrupt handler). Cn trong phng php thm d th bvi iu khin hin th lin

tc tnh trng ca mt thit b cho v iu kin tho mn th n phc v thit b. Sau n chuyn sang hin th tnh trng ca thit b k tip cho n khi tt cu c

phc v. Mc d phng php thm d c th th hin th tnh trng ca mt vi thitb v phc v mi thit bkhi cc iu kin nht nh c thomn nhng n khngtn dng ht cng dng ca bvi iu khin. im mnh ca phng php ngt l bvi iu khin c th phc vc rt nhiu thit b (tt nhin l khng ti cng mtthi im). Mi thit b c th nhn c s ch ca bvi iu khin da trn mcu tin c gn cho n. i vi phng php thm d th khng th gn mc u tin

cho cc thit b v n kim tra tt c mi thit b theo kiu quay vng . Quan trng hnl trong phng php ngt th bvi iu khin cng cn c th che hoc lm l mt

yu cu dch v ca thit b. iu ny li mt ln na khng th thc hin c trongphng php thm d. L do quan trng nht m phng php ngt c u chungnht l v phng php thm d lm hao ph thi gian ca bvi iu khin bng cchhi d tng thit b k c khi chng khng cn n dch v.

3.1.4.2. Trnh phc v ngt vbng vector ngt.i vi mi ngt th phi c mt trnh phc v ngt ISR (Interrupt Service

Routine) hay trnh qun l ngt (Interrupt handler). Khi mt ngt c gi th b vi

iu khin phc v ngt. Khi mt ngt c gi th bvi iu khin chy trnh phcv ngt. i vi mi ngt th c mt v tr cnh trong b nh gia ch ISR ca

n. Nhm cc v tr nhc dnh ring gi cc a ch ca cc ISR c gi lbng vector ngt.

Khi kch hot mt ngt bvi iu khin i qua cc bc sau:

Vi iu khin kt thc lnh ang thc hin v lu a ch ca lnh k tip (PC)vo ngn xp.

N nhy n mt v tr cnh trong b nhc gi l bng vc t ngt ni lugia ch ca mt trnh phc v ngt.

Bvi iu khin nhn a ch ISR t bng vc t ngt v nhy ti . N bt uthc hin trnh phc v ngt cho n lnh cui cng ca ISR l RETI (trv t ngt).

Khi thc hin lnh RETI bvi iu khin quay trvni n b ngt. Trcht n nhn a ch ca bm chng trnh PC tngn xp bng cch ko hai bytetrn nh ca ngn xp vo PC. Sau bt u thc hin cc lnh ta ch.


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Bng vector ngt:

Bng 11: Bng vector ngt ca ATmega128.


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3.1.4.3. Thtu tin ngt.Khng nh vi iu khin h 8051, th tu tin ca cc ngt c th thay

i c ( bng cch lp trnh ). Vi vi iu khin AVR th t u tin cc ngt lkhng ththay i v theo qui tc: Mt vec t ngt c a ch thp hn trong b nh

chng trnh c mc u tin cao hn . Chn hn ngt ngoi 0 ( INT0 ) c mc u tin cao hn ngt ngoi 1 ( INT1 ). cho php mt ngt ngi dng cn cho phpngt ton cc ( set bit I trong thanh ghi SREG ) v cc bit iu khin ngt tng ng.Khi mt ngt xy ra v ang c phc v th bit I trong thanh ghi SREG bxa, nhth khi c mt ngt khc xy ra n skhng c phc v, do cho php cc ngttrong khi mt ISR ( interrupt service routine ) khc ang thc thi, th trong chng

trnh ISR phi c lnh SEI set li bit I trong SREG.

3.1.4.4.

Ngt l

ng nhau.Khi AVR ang thc hin mt trnh phc v ngt thuc mt ngt no th li c mt

ngt khc c kch hot. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy th mt ngt c mc utin cao hn c th ngt mt ngt c mc u tin thp hn. Lc ny ISR ca ngt cmc u tin cao hn sc thc thi. Khi thc hin xong ISR ca ngt c mc u tincao hn th n mi quay li phc v tip ISR ca ngt c mc u tin thp hn trckhi trvchng trnh chnh. y gi l ngt trong ngt ( hnh 24 ).

Hnh 28: Cc ngt lng nhau.

3.1.4.5. Ngt ngoi Atmega128.ATmega128 c 8 ngt ngoi t INT0 n INT7 ( ycha k ti ngt reset ).

Tm ngt ny tng ng vi 8 chn ca MCU l INT0 ,INT1, , INT7. l ngay

ckhi cc chn INT0, INT1, , INT7 ca MCU c cu hnh nh l chn li ra, thcc ngt ngoi vn c tc dng nu c cho php. Cc ngt ngoi c th bt mu theo


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kiu cnh ln ( Rising ), cnh xung ( Falling ) hay mc thp ( Low level ). iu nyc qui nh trong hai thanh ghi EICRA v EICRB.

Bng 12:iu khin kiu bt mu ngt.

3.1.5.B truyn nhn dliu ni tip USART.USART (Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and

Transmitter): B Truyn Nhn Ni Tip ng B V Bt ng B Ph Dng, y lkhi chc nng dng cho vic truyn thng gia vi iu khin vi cc thit b khc.Trong vn truyn d liu s, c th phn chia cch thc (method) truyn d liu ra

hai ch (mode) c bn l : Ch truyn nhn ng b (Synchronous) v Chtruyn nhn bt ng b (Asynchronous). Ngoi ra, nu gc phn cng th c th

phn chia theo cch khc l: Truyn nhn d liu theo kiu Ni tip (serial) v

Song song (paralell).

Truyn ng B: l kiu truyn d liu trong b truyn (Transmitter) v bnhn (Receiver) s dng chung mt xung ng h(clock). Do , hot ng truyn vnhn d liu din ra ng thi. Xung clock ng vai tr l tn hiu ng b cho hthng (gm khi truyn v khi nhn). u im ca kiu truyn ng b l tc nhanh, thch hp khi truyn d liu khi (block).

Truyn Bt ng B: L kiu truyn d liu trong mi b truyn(Transmitter) v b nhn (Receiver) c b to xung clock ring, tc xung clockhai khi ny c thkhc nhau, nhng thng khng qu 10%. Do khng dng chungxung clock, nn ng b qu trnh truyn v nhn d liu, ngi ta phi truyn cc

bit ng b(Start, Stop,) i km vi cc bit d liu. Cc b truyn v b nhn sda vo cc bit ng bny quyt nh khi no th s thc hin hay kt thc qutrnh truyn hoc nhn d liu. Do , h thng truyn khng bcn c gi l hthng truyn t ng b. T hai kiu truyn d liu c bn trn, ngi ta a ranhiu giao thc (Protocol) truyn khc nhau nh: SPI (ng b), USRT (ng b),

UART (bt ng b),Tuy vy, cng c giao thc truyn m khng th xp c vokiu no: ng b hay bt ng b, chng hn kiu truyn I2C (Trong AVR gi l


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TWI), tuy vy mt cch hi gng p th c th thy giao thc truyn I2C gn vikiu ng bhn v cc thit b giao tip vi nhau theo chun I2C iu dng chung

mt xung clock.

3.1.5.1. B truyn nhn ni tip ATmega128.ATmega128 c hai b USART l USART0 v USART1. Hai b USART ny lc lp nhau, iu ny c ngha l hai khi USART0 v USART1 c th hot ngcng mt lc. S khi n gin ca khi USART th hin trong hnh 25.

Hnh 29: S khi b USART.

S khi ca b USART phn chia thnh ba phn r rng: Khi to xung clock(Clock Generator), Khi truyn (Transmitter) v Khi nhn (Receiver). Cn cc thanhghi iu khin USART c dng chung. Khi to xung clock logic bao gm logic ng b cho u vo ng h bn

ngoi s dng bi hot ng ca mt slave ng b v b pht tc truyn. ChnXCK (Transfer Clock) chc s dng trong trong ch truyn ng b. Khi truyn bao gm mt bm ghi, mt thanh ghi dch ni tip, b pht kim

tra li chn lv iu khin logic xl cc nh dng khung ni tip khc nhau. Bm ghi cho php truyn d liu lin tc m khng cn bt k khong thi gian trgia cc khung. Khi nhn l phn phc tp nht ca module USART bi ng h ca n v

cc thit b phc hi d liu. Cc thit b phc hi d liu c s dng nhn cc


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d liu khng ng b. Noi vic thm vo cc thit b phc hi d liu, b nhn cnbao gm mt kim tra chn l, iu khin logic, mt thanh ghi dch, v mt bm

nhn hai mc (UDR). B nhn h trcc nh dng khung truyn ging nhau nh btruyn, v c th pht hin khung truyn b li, trn d liu v cc li chn l.

Hnh 30: S khi vcc mc logic trong khi pht xung ng h.

M t cc tn hiu: Txclk: ng h truyn (Tn hiu ni). Rxclk: ng h nhn (Tn hiu ni). Xcki: u vo t chn XCK (Tn hiu ni). S dng cho slave ng b hot

ng. Xcko: ng hu ra t chn XCK (Tn hiu ni). S dng cho master ng

b hot ng. Fosc: Tn schn XTAL (ng h h thng).

Bng 13: Phng trnh tnh ton ci t thanh ghi tc truyn.


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3.2. Chip thi gian thc DS1307.3.2.1.Cc tnh nng. Thi gian thc m gi, pht, giy, ngy, thng, nm. 56 bytes non-volatile RAM cho vic lu tr d liu, 2 dy giao din ni tip. C th lp trnh tn hiu u ra. Tiu tht hn 500nA trong ch pin d phng vi vic chy bdao ng. Ty chn phm vi di nhit t -40C ti 85C. C sn trong 8 chn DIP hoc SOIC.

3.2.2.M t.DS1307 l chip ng h thi gian thc, khi nim thi gian thc y dng vi

ngha l thi gian tuyt i m con ngi ang s dng, tnh bng giy, pht,gi.DS1307 gm 7 thanh ghi 8 bits cha thi gian l: giy, pht, gi, th (trongtun), ngy, thng, nm. Ngoi ra, DS1307 cn c mt thanh ghi iu khin ng ra phv 56 thanh ghi trng c thdng nh RAM. DS1307 c c v ghi thng qua giaodin ni tip I2C nn cu to bn ngoi rt n gin. DS1307 xut hin 2 gi SOICv DIP c 8 chn nh hnh di:

Hnh 31: Cu to bn ngoi DS1307.

M t cc chn chip DS1307.


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X1, X2 : L 2 ng kt ni vi thch anh 32.768 KHz lm ngun to dao ngcho chip.

VBAT: Cc dng ca mt ngun pin 3V nui Chip. GND: Chn mass chung cho c pin 3V v Vcc. VCC:Ngun cho giao din I2C, thng l 5V v dng chung vi vi iu khin.

Ch nu Vcc khng c cp ngun nhng VBATc cp th DS11307 vn hotng nhng khng ghi v c c.

SQW/OUT: Mt ng ph to xung vung (Square Wave/Output Driver), tns ca xung c to c thc lp trnh. Nh vy, chn ny hu nh khng lin

quan n chc nng ca DS1307, nn b trng chn ny khi ni mch. SCL v SDA l 2 ng giao xung nhp v d liu ca giao din I2C.

S khi trong hnh di y m t nhng thnh phn chnh ca DS1307:


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Hnh 32: S khi DS1307.

Ta c th kt ni DS1307 bng mt mch in nh sau:

Hnh 33: Mch kt ni DS1307.

Cu to bn trong DS1307 bao gm mt s thnh phn nh mch ngun, mchdao ng, mch iu khin logic, mch giao din I2C, con tra ch v cc thanh ghi(hay RAM). S dng DS1307 ch yu l ghi v c cc thanh ghi ca chip ny. V thcn hiu r 2 vn c bn l cu trc cc thanh ghi v cch truy xut cc thanhghi ny thng qua giao din I2C.

B nh DS1307 c tt c 64 thanh ghi 8 bits uc nh a ch t 0x00 ti0x3F. Tuy nhin, thc cht chc 8 thanh ghi u l c chc nng ng h, cn li56 thanh ghi b trng c thc dng cha bin tm nh RAM nu mun. 7 thanh

ghi u tin cha thng tin v thi gian ca ng h gm:

Giy (Secons), pht (Minutes), gi (Hours), th (Day), ngy (Date), thng(Month) v nm (Year). Vic ghi gi trvo 7 thanh ghi ny tng ng vi vic cit thi gian khi ng cho DS1307. Vic c gi tr t7 thanh ghi l c thi gianthc m chip to ra. Thanh ghi th8 (Control) l thanh ghi iu khin xung ng raSQW/OUT(chn 6). T chc b nhca DS1307 c trnh by nh hnh di:


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Hnh 34: Cu trc b nhDS1307.

V 7 thanh ghi u tin l quan trng nht trong hot ng ca DS1307 nnchng ta s kho st cc thanh ghi ny mt cch chi tit. T chc theo tng bit ca ccthanh ghi nh sau:

Hnh 35: Cu trc thanh ghi DS1307.

Thanh ghi giy (SECONDS): Thanh ghi ny l thanh ghi u tin trong bnhca DS1307, a ch ca n l 0x00. 4 bits thp ca thanh ghi ny cha m BCD 4

bits ca ch shng n v ca gi tr giy. Do gi tr cao nht ca ch s chng chcl 5 nn ch cn 3 bit(SECONDS64) l c thm ha c(5=101). Bit cao nht,

bit 7 trong thanh ghi ny l 1bit iu khin c tn CH (Clock halt-treo ng h), nubit ny c set bng 1 th bdao ng trong chip b v hiu ha, ng h khng hotng. V vy, nht thit phi reset bit ny xung 0 ngay tu.

Thanh ghi pht (MINUTES): C a ch 0x01, cha gi tr pht ca ngh.Tng tnh thanh ghi SECONDS, ch c 7 bit ca thanh ghi ny c dng lum BCD ca pht, bit 7 lun =0.


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Thanh ghi gi (HOURS): C th ni y l thanh ghi phc tp nht trongDS1307.Thanh ghi ny c a ch 0x02. Bn bit thp ca thanh ghi ny dng cho ch

shng n v ca gi. Do DS1307 h tr2 loi mode hin th gil 12h v 24h, bitth 6 trong thanh ghi gi dng xc lp mode gi. Nu bit 6=0 th h thng 24h

c chn, khi 2 bit cao 5 v 4 dng m ha ch s hng chc ca gi tr gi, dogi tr giln nht trong mode ny l 2 (bng 10 h nh phn). Nu bit 6=1, th mode12h c la chn, trong trng hp ny chc bit 4 dng m ha ch s hngchc ca gi tr gi, bit 5 dng ch bui trong ngy AM hoc PM. Bit 5=0 l AM vngc li. Bit 7 lun =0.

Thanh ghi th (DAY):Nm a ch 0x03. Thanh ghi DAY ch mang gi trt1 n 7 tng ng t ch nht n th 7 trong 1 tun. V th ch c 3 bit thp cngha.

Cc thanh ghi cn li c cu trc tng t, DATE cha ngy trong thng (1n 31), MONTH cha thng (1 n 12) v YEAR cha nm(t 0 n 99). Ch ,DS1307 chdng cho 100 nm, nn gi trnm ch c 2 ch s cn phn u ca nmdo ngi dng t thm vo(20xx).

Ngoi ra, cc thanh ghi trong b nh, DS1307 cn c mt thanh ghi khc nmring gi l con tra chhay thanh ghi a ch (Address Register). Gi tr ca thanhghi ny l a ch ca thanh ghi trong b nhm ngi dng mun truy cp. Gi tr

ca thanh ghi a chc set trong lnh Write.

V DS1307 l mt Slave I2C nn ch c 2 mode hot ng giao tip vi chipny. 2 mode ca DS1307 bao gm Data Write v Data Read. Mode Data Write cdng khi xc lp gi trban u cho cc thanh ghi thi gian hoc dng canh chnhthi gian. Trong ch ny, AVR l mt Master truyn d liu n DS1307 (Slavenhn d liu). Mode Data Read c s dng khi c thi gian tng h DS1307vo AVR hin th hoc so snh. Trong ch ny, AVR l 1 Master nhn d liuv DS1307 l Slave truyn d liu.


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