· -..t . . ,· ,

\ I

Introduction --------------­Archaeological ------------­Bibliography----------------Benton ----------------------Bigelow·-----------------------Clay -----------------------­Forbes -------· ···------------ · Forest------ · ·---------------

Aesdale, Frances------------­Ahrens, J.D. ------------------Alkire, H. T. ----------------­Allen, F.K. Building----------Allen, F.K. House------------­Anderson, George-------------­Asher, Mrs. · ·d -----------­Baird, Jam.eB ,. -·--------------­Baker, :tv'.i.rs. ~'- a -----------­Ball, Mrs. Alpna -------------­Band Stand-----~~------------­Bank of Corning-~------------­Bank of Mound City------~---­Banks Rouse ------·-------------

- · Banks, William --------------­Barbour, Daniel---------------Benne Law Office ______ ..;. ______ _

Bennett House----------------­Bigelow .Consolidated School --­Big Lake State Park----------­Bohart & Fields Building-----­Bonner, Bill-----------------­Bonners Groce:ry --------------­Botkin, J.1. - --------~------­Botkin, Oliver---------~-----­Boyd, Bill-------------------­Brandon, Willi8lil ---·-·--------­Broadview Hereford Fa.rm----~-­Bro~ms Apartments------------­Brown, Curtis-----------------

·:· ' Brown's Tourist Court -------­Brundage, Katherine-----------

p. 1-:- 6,. p. 7- 12 p.13- 14

77-147 156-162 190-212

1- ;1.1 13- 24

INDEX

Hickory------------------Lewis ------~------------Liberty------------------Lincoln ------~----------Minton-------~----------Nodaway ------- -----------Union-------~· -----------

65~ 76 12, 25-55

189 181-188 148-155

56- 64 163-180

INVENTORY FORMS NUMBER

141 187

43 172 173

30 46 28 10

150 122 185

89 2

12 50 97

120 160 158 209 190 208

65 65

162 157 159 126

30 76 50

Brunk, Jerald---------------- 64 Bullock, Dr. Fr ank E. -------- 13 Bunt, John-~----------------- 167 Burge Recreation Parlor------ 93 Burnsides, Jame s & Elizabeth - 134 Burrier Building---------~--- 36 Ca.in, Frank ------------·------ 66 Carroll, Jesse Stagecoach Inn- 62 Carter Stone Op era House----- 90 Catron, G. W. --.. --------------- 151 Catron, Williarn -------------- 151 Chautauqua Park -------------- 138 Christian, John-------------- 202 Christen, Peter-------------- 186 Christen, Wesley -----·-------- 185 Christensen, E . C . ------------ 64 . Chuning Rouse -··--:------------- 162 Cleaning Shop - - -------------- 100 City Hall/Mound City ----·----- 121 Cobb, Robert ---~a-------------- 29 Coin, Earlena ---------------- 168 Coin Salvage -----~----------- 110 Coop Fert-Elevet or ----------- 112 Costello Farm -"--------------- 62 Cotten, George --------------- 22 Cotton, C.F. Jr. ------------- 56

· Cotton, C. W. J':r· • ...;____________ 4 7 Cowan, Arthur - -·-------------- 197 Cowan, John --- -·--------------- 72 Cox, Dr. John ~··-·-------------- 152 Craig Presbyter ian Church ----· 1'"{5

Crawford, W.R. - -------------- 140

Crider House ------ ------- --- - -- 195 Crider, John------------------- 74 Crouse, H.E. & Leona--------- -~ 131 Crouse Mot~rs -------- ---------- 116 Dahlman, Reuben--------~------- 45 Da.nkers, H.A. ------------------ 183 David, Charles----------------- 167 David, Coleman---------------- 167 Davidson, Sam----------------- 49 Davis, Eldon & Wilma----------- 125 Davis, J.M. Dr.---------------- 169 Debord, Daisy------------------ 73 Derr, Elwood------------------ 23 Derr, Linn ------------------ 59--60 Dicks Rexall Drugs -----~------- 81 . Dobyns, D.P. ________________ __;_ 48

Dodson, Mrs. Mae--------------- 151 Doebbling, Ed-~---------------- 180 Dry, Robert-------------------- 182 Duncan, Ruth------------------- 142 Dungan, H.M. ------------------- ·46 Dunn, ·earl --------------------- 200 Dwyre, Catherine--------------- 211 Egger, G.A. -------------------- 57 Egger, Lloyd------------------- 57 Elder, Doyle------------------- 44 Elliott, C.T. ---------------- 194 Elton, Dellie E. Jr.----------- 137 F..xchange Bank Building--------- 98 Farmers Mutual Fire & Lts. Co. - 89 Farmers Oil Co.---------------- 109 Fawks, Nina-------------------- 22 Fayman House----------~-------- 126 Ferguson, Merrill-------------- 51 Feuerbacher, John------~---- 59&61 Fields Dept. Store------------- 85 First Christian Church--------- 117 1',irst School/Mound City -------- 120 Fitzmaurice, Patrick----------- 23 Fleener, Kelson ---------------- 120 Flint Cabinet Shop------------- 171 Flint, Harry------------------- 171 Forest City Brewery------------ 14 Forest City, City Hall--------- 15 Fortescue Consolidated School-~ 154 Frans~her, Boone--------------- 3 France, Charles------------~-- 18 Frye, Robert -------~------------- 4 5 Gillis Farm-------------------- 77 Gladstone Hotel Bldg.---------- 82 Glenn House-------------------- 126 Golden, Bill -----------------·- 186 Gamel, Bertha ---------------177-178

INDEX CONT.

Graves & Collis on Bldg. ---------- 208 Grahm, V. L. - --.,·------------------ 68 Gray Bldg. - ---·- ---------- ------- 96 Griffith Apt. Office complex----- 101 Griffith Bldg. ------------------- 88 Griffith FloweTs, Gifts---------- 88 Griffith T.V. -------------------- 84 Groves: Bldg. - -------------------- 80 Guilliams, C.M. ------------------ 176 Guilliams Mill -·---------------- 166 Guthrie, Jim-------------------- 113 Guyer, Lester-------------------- 11 Haer, Emmett--------------------- 181 Haer, Melvin-------------------- 181 Hahn, Catherine------------------ 51 Hall, John B. ---------~---------· 146 Hall Lumber Co.------------------ 205 Hall, Margaret--------------~---- 46 Harmon Drug---------------------- 84 Harman, Jacob--~----------------- 52 Hayzlett, Carl -------------------- 14 Headley Barn--------------------- 6 Headley, E.W.-------------------- 45 Heck Fertilizer Co.-------------- 114 Hiatt House Hotel ----------------·- 107 Hinde, William------------------- 41 Hinkle, John D. ------------------ - 32 Hinkle, W.J. --------------------- 156 Historic Tree-------------------- 20 Hobli tzell Lumber Co ------·------- 205 Dr. Hogans Office ----------------- 86 Holt County Bank ----------------.:.. . ·97 Holt County Courthouse----------- 35 Holt County Hi r; torical Socei ty --- 154 Holt County Hi 2torical Soceity --- 155 Holt County Historical Museum---- 154 Holt County Jail----------------- 42 Halt County Poor Farm -----·------- 25 Hopkins, J.B. - ------------------- 174 Hornecker Farm Farmyard---------- 63 Hornecker, John ------------------ 58 Hornecker, Osmer----------------- 58 Houston House - ------------------- 132 Hovy, Vine---------------------- - 16 Hughes, Darely11 ------------------ 16 Huiatt, Dan -··· ·~-------~----------- 123 Huiatt, James ···----------·--------- 4 Dr. Humphrey~ s Office Bldg.------ 83 Hunzinger, Henl'y ----------------- 7 Huts Orchard -----·----·------------- 144 Idekec, A.C. F ~ ------------------- 179 Iden, John - -·~------------------- 157 Idlewild School ·------------------ 149

Jackson -Point -------------------- 113 Johns Apartment ------------------ 106 Johns, Dewey Bld . ---------------- 92 Johnson, David ------------------- 192 Johnson Funeral Home -------------~ 204 Jones, Guy----------------------- 159 June Market-----------~---------- 34 Kollmor, Albert------------------ 19 Kearney, Dr. E.L. ---------------- 47 Kelly House---------------------- 191 Kelso, Joshua-------------------- 168 Kent Mill------~---------------- 166 Kinglewood Farms----------------- 212 Kneale, C.R. ----------------- 72&73 Knepper, Mrs. Paul--------------- 153 Kreek, T.I. ---------------------- 26 !Creek, Richard------------------- 26 Kunkel, Alf---------------------- 71 Kunkle, Daniel------------------ 53 Kurtz, Gary---------------------- 61 Kurtz, James--------------------- 58 Kurtz, Verne--------------------- 60 Kurtz, Wayne--------------------- 63 Larkam Farm---------------------- 212 Lehmer, Solomon------------------ 44 Lentz, General Store------------ 69 Lentz, George-------------------- 68 Lentz, Richard------------------ 67&68 Lewis/Clark Tree----------------- 20 Locust Grove Stock & Grain Farm -- 5 Loess Mounds--------------------- 145 Louden, Mr. & Mrs. Everett------- 139

INDEX CONT .

Luckhardt, George -------------- 29 Ma:i.n Street Bridge --------·------ 108 Maitland Cafe-------------------- 209 Maitland Depot Museum------------ 210 Maitland Nutrient Site----------- 209 Maitland ,Phone Bldg.------------- 207 Maitland Presbyterian Church----- 203 Maitland School Boa.rd----------- 191 Marion, John--------------------- 199 Martin,Daniel -------------------- 32 McCormack Bldg.------------------ 99 McCormack, Carson---------------- 145 ~ McCormack, S.C. ------------------ 128 McCoy, Thomas ---------------:------ 140

Meyer, Alvin----·-------------- 40 Meyer, And.rew -------------·----- 146 Meyer, George ----------·~--- --- 9&75 Meyer, John ------·-------------- 64 Meyerdale ~Farm ----------------- 9 Miller Drug Store-------------- 81 Milne, Frank --·----------------- 8 Minderman, Robert -------------- 187 Minton House ----------~-------- 148 Minton, Dr. Lafe--------------- 152 Minton, William ----·-----------~ 15 3 Monkey Mountain Wildlife P..rea -- 1 Montgomery, Rebert------------- 46 Montgomery & Roecker Banking Co- 33 Moormans Bldg. ----------------- 79 Morgan, F.S. -------------------Morris Barn -------------------- 75 Morris, Oakley----------------- 47 Mound City Bottling Works------ 114 Mound City Davis Creek State

Street Bridge-------- 108 Mound City Depot Museum-------- 111 Mound City Dev . Inc.----------- 126 Mound City Flour Mill---------- 112 Mound City Methodist Episopal

Church-----~-- 130 Mound City Power & Light------- 115 Mound City Presbyterian Church - - 124 Nauman, Joseph----------------- 163 Nell's Tavern ----------------- 95 New Liberty Baptist Church----- 189 New Point Consolidated School -- 70 New Point Mutual Tele. Co.-----· 67 New Point School---------------- 69 Noble House --·------------------ . 4 Noland, H. G. -·------------------ 51 Noland, Twill a ------·------------ 169 Old City Hall------------------ 106 Old Forte~ctie High School------ 155 Old Punshon Blag . -------------- 100 Oren, J.A. --------------------- 66 Owens, Kenneth ---------------~--- 159 Oyerly, Mrs. Rosa~------------- 119 Parsons, Jerry -·---------------·- 31 Parsons, Mildred & Gertrude---- 37 Passenger Freight Depot, CB&Q -- 111 Patterson, Gevrge --------------- 55 . Patterson, Robert------------- 5&58 Payne, James W. ----------------- 31 Penny, Elias-------------------- 148 Peoples Bank - -,, -------------·---- 185

·. McIntyre, Mrs. Gene --------------· 157 McIntire Lumber Co.-------------- 102 McRae Hospital------------------- 126 McRoberts House ------------------- 134 Meade, J.F. --------------------- 2 Messengale House ------·-----~----- · 198 . Perry , Dr. D. C . ---------------- 97

INDEX CONT.

Pessly Dry Goods ------------------ 85 Pettijohn & Crawford Bldg. --------- 87 Pettijohn & Crawford Funeral

Storage----------------- 105 Pettijohn, Irsi -------------------- 140 Petree King & Proud Bldg.---------- 34 Philbrick, tT ohn ------------------- 38 Pilkington, Verne------------------ 43 Pinkston House---------------------- 206 Pinkston Luniber Co.---------------- 205 Pioneer Farm----------------------- 163 Planalp, Sam----------------------- 71 Pleasant Hill Nursing Home--------- 25 Porter, William T. ----------------- · 78 Post Office, Fortesque ------------- 36 Power Plant & Ic~ Plant------------ 115 Presbyterian Church & Academy ------ --124 Price, Ashby ----------------------- 74 Public Library--------------------- 121 Pullen, Edgar---------------------- 48 Racket Store----------------------- 79 Radley, Junior--------------------- 54 Ramsey, Fred----------------------- 38 Ramsay , J. W. Barn ------------------ 6 Ranklin, Wm. ----------------------- 75 Ratliff Farm Barn------------------ 75 Rauch House----------------------- 193 Reed, Wilma ---------·--------------- 148 Richards, William----------------­Richardson, Bernice---------------- 183 Richardson, Mrs. Herbert------------ 129 Robbins, D.K. ----·------------------- 118 Roberts, Gordon-------------------- 206 Robinson's Repair Shop------------- 94 Rockwe_ll, George ------------------ 109 Roecker, Albert-------------------- 28 Rogers Ptarmacy -------------------- 85 Roselius, Henry -------·------------- 182 Rostock, Phillip ----------------·=-- 54 Russel, R.H~ ----------------------- 40 Salfrank, Carl--------------------- 163 Schaffer, Sam---------------------- 17 Schooler, Wilbur -------------------· -170 Shultz, Byron ---------------------- 187 Scout Hut -----------------·-.;..:_ ______ 122

Scroggins, ~Kenneth ----------------- 11 Sears Bldg. -----------------------· 96 Shady Lady Hotel ------------------- li 7 Sharp Fora. Parking . T1ct -------------- 90

Shape's Grove Baptist Church ---- 188 Sharps Grove United Methodist

Church ---- 188 Sharp, W.A. Sr.----------------- 174 Shellenberger House------------- 129 Shellenberger Bldg.------------- 79 Shlipma.n, Edythe & Helen--------- 127 Shunkwiler Outhouse------------- 104 Shunkwiler, Mrs. Ruby----------- 103 Sipes, Marcel------------------- 49 Skinner, Roberta ---------------- 161 Smith Farm---------------------- 74 Smith, Mrs. H.W. ---------------- 73 Smith, Jim---------------------- 196 Smith, Mrs. Sam----------------- 59 Solon, Harry -------------------- ·~ 133 Speer, John Smokehouse---------- 52 Sportsman's Lodge--------------~ 160 Squaw Creek Inn----------------- 144 Squaw Creek Wildlife Refuge----- 147 State Hwy. Patrol--------------- 121 State Theatre------------------- 91 St~phenson, John---------------- 8 St. Joe Light & Power Office---- 36 St. John's Luthern Church------- 18~ Stine, John--------------------- 39 Stokes, John W. Office,--------- 178 Stone, Georgia----~------------ 160 Stone, William Banks. ------------ 12 Stoner , Jeanne ·------------------:- 1 76 Strickler, Edith Lower---------- 136 Strobel House --·----------------- 134 Stuckey, Sam--------------------- 57 Summers , Max -·----------------_:__ 195 Swearingen Smokehouse----------- 52 Sw9pe House--------------------- 148 T & D Bldg.--------------------- 115 Teare, Howard-------------------- 177 Twyman, Roy --------------------·- 1 73 Thomas House-------------------- 128 Tiffany Nursing Home --------·---- 14 3 Dr. Tracy Horse Barn------------ 105 Trading Post--------------------- 80 Treasure Chest------------------ 86 Tritt, George ------------------- 66 True, Hirrun --- ------':'----------- -165 Turney, John -----~--------------- 21 Turney, John -------·----------- 19 Upperman, Gusta----~----~---- 37

INDEX CONT.

United Methodist Church Mound City -- J.30 U.S. Post Office Fortesques ------ - - - 152 U.S. Post Office Mound City,--------- 107 Van Burkirk, King & Proud Bldg.----- 34 Vance Investment Broker Bldg.------- 101 Vonderschmidt, Lester--------------- 132 Wakely House----------------------- 199 Walker, Frank----------------------- 161 Walker, Dr. J.G. -------------------- 11 Ward, T.A. ~r. ---------------------- 179 Ward, T.B. -------------------------- 179 Watson, Gail----------------------- 53 Watson; James-----------------------· 52 Watson, Velma----------------~----- 132 Wear's Sundries--------------------- 185

Webber, Ed ----·---- ------------- 152 Wehrli Grocery----------------- 92 Weiss, Barry --.;...--------------.-- 201 Whetsell, Don--~--------------- 172 Whi tnah, Harry ------------------ 10 Whobrey, Jesse----------------- 132 Wickiser Theatr e--------------- 171 Williams~ Edward--------------- · 41 Wilson, John R. ---------------- 135 Wood Abandoned Rouse----------- 24 Wood, Allen C. ----------------­Zona House--~----------------- 3 Zook, C.D. -------------------- 39 Zook, William~---------------- 18 Zook & Roecker State Bank------ ~33

INTRODUCTION

~~1e historic inventory of Holt County was conducted during the summer

and fall of 1979, and January of 1980. In attempting to locate the various

sites, buildings and objects, local resources persons ·were contacted :in each

Tmmship. r.rhe Mom1d City Museum Society served a.s the local resource agent

and nominated the majority of the architectural sites in Mound City. Mrs .

Ellouise Robinson of Mound City, Missouri was of valuable assistance in

surveying the area and is the local contact person for the f.!(! ciety. Eileen

Derr provided the same type of assistance in the rest of thr:~ cotmty and is

well acquainted. ,rl.. th the area.

Miss l\Tancy Sandehn worked as an assistant in surveying the a rea. She

made the primary contacts with the resource persons in ea.ch to~mship and the

initial nurvey was carried out un.cler her guidance. Another source of obtain:i.ng

site and architectural 1ocations in the county was ·by usin g the windshield

techniq_ue. This was extremely useful in discovering agricu.ltural architectttre

since a ma(,iority of these structures were missed in the first survey of the area.

The final forms were completed by Thomas W. Carneal, Assistant Professor

of History at Northwest Missouri State Uni vers:Lty. John Hu:f:t)nan of Architects

and. Planners Collaborative:, Kansas City, Missouri, served as the architectural

resource person and Robert Bra.y of the State Archaeological Survey office as the

archaeological resource person. Dr. William Fleming of Northwest Missouri State

University served as historical research advisor on the project.

1

After completing the initial survey, one must conclude that some sites

were m..issed and therefore the survey must remain open for .f'urther additions

as more research is carried out . Some of the nominat ed s ites stand on their

architectural merit but need :further research on their historical significanceo

The survey i n dicated there is a wealth of Queen Anne a.J:1 d Gothic architee tura1

styles in the area. There are severa l areas which possess ·the possibility of

being developed as historical districts, especially Fores . rCity, Corning and

Craig. In Molmd City ther e would be the option of develop i.-ng a multiple resource

district in both the State Street area from Seventh to Fi ft-h a nd the South

State Street area. There is a volwninous a.mount of sites f':.ri d materials which

portray the agricultlll'al nature of the county ..

In attemptin .:.s to evaluate the significance of the i nv~:nt.ory in each ~Cow:n-~

ship the r esource and advisory group look ed at each nomination. The historical

sites are separated f rom the archaeological sites and have separate code and

number ing systems and can be checked a gainst the map inch1de d. with the sur vey.

The inventory definitely indicates several sites thai; are worthy of

nomination to the National Register. In addiU.on to the options mentioned above

the primary pro ject for the ne2,.,t year should be the nomina tdion of:

J.. The Alpha Ball House near Fortes~ue .

2. The Lewis and Clark Historic Tree near Forest City .

3. The Rose1ius House south of Corning.

l+. The Old School at Fortesque.

2

Ho 1 t Count y

Si tu a t e d in t ho no r•thwest o rn ~or n e r of the '"'tate o f ~.Hs s ouri s>

ib l t Co un t y is p a r t o f Bl i ure k nov;n as tll o ? l tftt P urcha s e o f 1836 0

As s uch, t . ie:r 0 fo ru, i t war;, not p u:rt o J. t h e ori .t in n l s t .s te whe n

!I:'. 3 r, o LH'i c a me in to t h e Un o n in lfl2 0 c Jfamo d fo r Dr .. ~)'). vi d Rice

Ho 1 t , n , rw m b 0 r o f t h G 1·H s so u. r i J. o g l s l a t u r e f r om ? ~ .. at t e Coun t y

wh o d 1 o d i n 1 ~14 0 ~ a y o n r ! ) c f o r-· c t ho o r1g a n l z A t:i. on f tho c o u n t y j

t he c o unty c o ta r.; s o :·:10 /.1.62 squn :ro mi l o 9, with 29S 9 620 a c res of

c en Ln r:e o f 1~Jn d cu lt -L v:J t c:1 at to ~i , :J to t h 1=) r ic hn e s ::i of the s oi1s.

o .f t ho nrea~ rr::-ir ee typG s o f' lnnd p: c v t:d 1 , Bl l uv~a l r ive r botto mj

~l nc 1a l ti l l, a~ d l oo ss ~i l t , ns ~c cia Llv on the b luffs a lon~ t h e

f i vo c:. ove r c d \., ? .. ',. , , \..,,. L t ... t:ibt r 6 J n t e nsl ve f a:rm.5.n g hn s re duc e d

tho )re ste d nro n t o L l s ~· t: inn ten por c e n L, For thE) mo s t par t,

f orm.ing h a s b oc n t · i.e r:1n.ll; ~~ t 11 '.~ o:' the e conomy o f the c o unty al t hou gh

nrour1d. 1 0 L-) O f lO 'Llr mi l l '" WO l'U r U!l 'J. 1'n }~1or e0t ' c"'l ·i ty Cr·1J·u ' A' aJ· tl a ""d U 'J ,, I - - , f- I t . t~, ~ ; ,; .. C ! .l , . ;ii

£l r'l cl j : 0 u 11. d Ci t y ' t b O 1 H t~ t O .• fa 1 s (.) r: ' V :L n g a C i g 8. Y' fa C t (I r y • J e sp l t e

h .:. r: r ow t h of s uf f l c 1 - n t •,·,· r:;..:H t. to :·.1ak e the mi 1 1 :i nv o f flom,, a.n

3

to U t 1; v1en l t h of t he

0 • ' j_ t he e c o n o r;-r r ~

l

(' ·.'/

./ '·

r

-~

1. -~·

"l

,, -1' '1 '

:· :, l r0su.l t of' t h e nee d for goods tind scr•v:.ces bJ th o fnrm community~

t.o wn.s Although Or eg on was cho 8en as the county seat, Mound City

.u~s r o,.,n t~ie largest town ·l nc e 1.890, and nt presont ls the onJ.y

_.ow::-1 1.n the county w:L th a popult1 t ion o f over., one t housand· [ 1 , 002

1. n 19 70] ~ rrho g r· oa. t e . t g ro wth of Mound City w 0 s L~ the p er lod 8 :round

·9or) whe n the popuJ.ation r er1. ch ed solfle l l' 63L Thr .. :eG ha s be e n a decline

.1 - st of t h e .sr.1al l tow ns in rural Amer le"' of ~1loi.:1.1.Y dec 1 :i.n l ng poYJu·=

J.u t ·\_on as r ap:Ld transpo :rita.ti on hap e l i r:dnat ed .t~ : 1e ed f o r multipl e

conter: to supply goods and servtces .

Fo tmded· in 18L1.5 as a stop on the St . Joseph t o Counctl Bluffs

s L9.go coach l ine Mo un d Cit y soon had a Un.i ted ~ t :::i. t es po qt of fl ee

a n d H .. 1cr·c antLLe b usiness " · First known as Jacksc,n Po i nt , the nBrne

·w .--. changed to Hor th Point, bu t wn Pi cha r p;e d to \k, ,.m ct Ci ty in 1857

wrwn the tow11 v;as 1.:ncorpora te d Grow th o f tho s e t t l ement be ~a n after

·.hn t ye n:r I and by 18[30 some 678 persons were enu rwn1at ed in the T:ni ted

Sta t e s Consu so By 1890 the pop ulation ha d reached 1,1930

As t ho town grew both in PV)Ulati on and weal t h, the cultural

ifo of the town a lso be gan to become nlmil a r to rural

~iro ·olsowhere in America$ Such soc5al in s titutions 8S the Masons

H:!r'. · : nclependon t Ord er' of Odd Pel l ov,s organ i zations oro vJrl e d a mee t ...

{ .... . .I 11-1 , the ex.c ha n1; e of ide as fo r the 'I1he

c ' '.~1 ~ n,:r o~ · the r ailroad i n 1880. saw furthoI' d.0velonr1(·mts inc] Ll l.tn ~ . r J .. g

t· ~ • ! (''\ . . ,., , ., ~ V\ , .. " ' ' · ,"'· ··' I.., I l ~ 4 • /,' () [' [t n JD O r D h () u 8 e w h i Ch f e n t u.r G d n .. 1 C v -; 1l1 01,,r f c; C P. BT H

as its first presentationo The next year saw a town - wide event

with the' o:rgnn1zation of the first Harvest Home I--1,all Festive.L

While the tovm was becoming so c ia lly organ ize d, j_t was also

keeping pace Jn an economic sense with the open :i.r1g of many stores

anrl. bu.sines se s o .f other kinds.~±rn lud ing a. flour m.:t 11.1' a news"9aner,

and a bankv A waterworks brought fresh water int o residences by

1891, and electricity coursed through wires to l ight the town in

1895~

With progress s .emingly not t o be stopped, t ragedy struck in

1896 when Davis Creek flooded the town, washing nw ay sidewalks and

doing much damage to many of the businesses and residences~ A

fire in the same year whi ch destroyed the Moun d Ci ty mill c aused

further economic distress. Despite the se setb~c: ; s the town con­

tinued to pro sper, and by 1900 the population ha d reached 1,6810

Tolephono service made the conduct!ng of business and social life

easier during this decade as did the beginning 0£ rural free delivery.

By the second decode a mod~rn sewer system and the pavin~ of streets

with brick further enhanced the estheti c look o f the towno Despite

this progres s ~ however , the population be gan to decline, and the

census of 1910 showed the loss of some one hundre d residents since

the earlier enumerationm

Other towns in Hol t County witnessed expansion similar to

Mound City although less extensiveo Oregon,not only was the county

seat but by 1900 also had a canning factory which canned tomato e s,

apples, and pumpkins; a cigar factory, flour mi ll, sorphum millp

and a oroom factory. The town a lso had electric lirhts, a

waterworks, a town pa:rk} and featured an annual chrysanthemum showo

5

~Phe ci ;izenry al so had the advantage of a newspape r, the Sentin~1J:, ~

By 1900, the population of Oregon ha d r eached s l ightly over 1000

according to the census of that year, but, l ike other towns, be~an

to show a decline in subsequent enumera t ions, an d by 1970 c ontained

only 789 personso Me anwhile with the coming of t h e railroad thr ough

Holt County , othe r villages were organized inc lud i ng Maitlandj

Cra ig, an d Forest City, each of which attained a p opulatio1 of

five hun dr e d or more by 1900 .. They too have suf .f'e :r1ed the decline

so common in rur·al Americall with e a ch having le ~;s than half of its

1900 population by 1970Q

Holt County with its ex c e llent s oils~ how ever , has continued

to enjoy an agricultural prosperity along with o t h er agricultural

areas.. A1though the n u.mb eP of fa.rms has been dee J·e ased from the

2j.256 lif1ted in 1900 , the tota.l producti on fro m f c:;we r and largHr

farms h a s greatly increase d~ The average farm at ~he bo ginn inr of

the twentieth c entur y contained abo ut 175 acres 1~ lued at ~30.00

to ~~125 o 00 an acre.. The same land now br·ing s f:ro rn S31 000.., 00 to

$3000~00 an a cre~ The population whi ch in 1920 was 14,084 by 1970

had decreased to some 69 654.

Desp ite the waning population during the decades of the twen­

tieth century, Holt County perhaps will relive the expansion brought

about ~y the coCTing of the railroad in the nineteenth century since

it occup ies a vantage point along the newly opene d four-lane highway

from Ka.nsa.s City, Mlss ourl, to Omaha, ~ebraska (Pou t o · 29)" In

summary, the history of Holt County is tied to two major factors,

transportation and :it s rich farmland:;() The farmlands are still

productive, and the niron horseH h a s beon repla ced b y the ngas bu gg:v" "

6

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN HOLT COUNTY, MISSOURI

(site locations for official use on ly)

The following Inventory is of all the aichaeological

sites recorded ~ith the Archaeological Survey of Mi ssouri for

th~ county of Holt as of July 17, 1978.

The great majority of these site locations were submitted

by amateur archaeologists, mostly members of the Mi ssouri Archae­

ological Society. Dates of submissions range fro m 1948-1977.

Most are dated prior tc 1960 . Thus, it is probabl e that some sites

have suffered further damage from cultivation, eros ion, and random

digging. A few sites were located in the rights -of -way of road

projects and are now destroyed. Others are known to be presently

covered by houses. It is estimated that 5% of si 'i cs on the· inven-

tory are now destroyed or inaccessible, and that ~0 - 40% have been,

at least somewhat, damaged since their reporting .

· The site reports studied are, with f~w excep i:ions, quite

general in nature. Often, no information at all was given for

the kinds of evidences found.

In many instances, site reports include superficial des­

criptions of the objects found, but nothing from which cultural

identifications can be derived. That is, all mate r ial discussed

is nou--diagnostic and could be related to any one of the various

prehistoric periods recognized as present in the Northwest Prairie

Region of Missouri. The fact is closely r~lated t.o the manner of

collecting and to the coll~ctor's objectives. No r mally, an

amateur archaeologist will not return repeatedly to a site if it

fails to reward him with artifacts which are either very numerous

7

or relatively complete or both. Thus , the Arch~cological Survey 1

Mi ss ouri fi le s cont ain many reports which are b a sed on one visi t

t o t he site. If such a site happened to be grass-co vere d at the

time of the visit, then relatively little wo~ld ha ve been found .

and a reliable judgment of size, kind, and complexity cou ld not

have been made . In no case was the site informati on recorded in

sufficient detail to allow a determination of Nati onal Register

significan ce. This was true regardless of the app arent notoriety,

to collectors, of a few sites. These observation~ point up the

gener a l in adequacy of site records pertaining t o t he county

underconsideration. The great major i ty have .been prepared by un­

trained persons who have worked without profession a l directiono

Practically all site records, to be of maxi mum value, should

be revised on the basis of updated surveys desi gne d to reveal size

and function of the site; cultural affiliation; d e gree of integrity

(pres ervation); and other attributes relevant t-0 a determination

of National Register significance. This sort of e ffort would also

result in a set bf minimal requirements for plann in g areal and

Regional research designs for archaeology.

There are no historic Indian tribal sites, an d no his'torical

American sites listed for subject county. Th e f ormer are ·known

to be present in the general area of the study, but no specific

locations are recorded with . the Survey. Histori ca l American sites

are, of course, ~ery numerous, as they are in mos t places, but it

has been only very recently that the Archaeologi cal Survey of Mis­

souri been accepting such sites into its files. Very few submis -

sions have been received from anywhere in the state , either in the

past of the present.

8

It is well-known by tho s e familiar with the situation that

even the prehistoric sites listed in the Survey files represent

only a fraction of those sites actu~lly present in the various

counties. Some counties have been more complete ly s_urveyed than

others; but all counties are far from complete i n their sites in ­

ventories. This could be remedied only by long, :painstaking sur ­

vey work designed speci f ically to discover all the known }:inds of

sites, not just those which may exhibit some obj ects which are

readily recognized by collectors.

An Archaeological Resources Preservition Pl an , developed in

the 1960' s by Chapman and others, inc:luded project ions of "probable

totals /of site~7 by counties" (Chapman nd: 2- 3,). Totals listed

for Holt county considered here are compared with the totals

actually on record to date:

Holt

On Record (7-18-78)

4

Projected

300

It should be pointed out that a few sites are officially

known that are not yet entered in the Survey records. Some are

known by collectors and by few others because their locations

are not publicized. Both categories are included in the projected

totals. Thus, it can be readily seen that survey work has only

just begun in this county.

9

~:his i nformat ion is fo r O.FFICilu.J USE ONLY" No t to b ~~ r .. l eased

to th e: publ:tco

10

nt

This information is for OFFICIAL USE ONLY, No t to be released

to the public(>

· 11

This :in.formation is for OFFICIPJ.i USE ONLY. Not to be rell!;ased

to th e puhlicc

12

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atlas of Atchison & Holt County, Missouri.. Fremont, NE: Midwes t Atals Co . :; 1968.

Blue- Grass Mecca: The Story of Maitland a1.1d Clay Tow11ship, Missouri. 1880- 1955. St. Jos eph, MO: Journal Publishing C.o., 1955.

Boswell, ,Joseph S. tfHolt County, Missouri 11• Unpublished term pa.per.

Northwest Missouri Missom·i State University , 196~-.

Bray, Robert. , A Cultural Resources Survey of the Areas i nc l uded in parts of Sew·erage System Improvements City of Oregon, Holt County~ Missour i (Typescript, City of Oregon).

_Centennial-Craig, Miss ouri: 1869-1969. Co . , 1969.

St . Jos eph, MO: Sims Printing

Chapman, Carl H. , The Arch aeologic a l Resources o±' MiE;so uri. : Recommen­dations for Preservation and Development of Outdoor Recreation .

The Harbi_?-lg_er . Vol. II, No. 2, 1971. pp. 24-31.

History of Holt and Atchison Count ies . St. Joseph, MO: :National Historical ·co., 1882.

History of Holt County, 1-,1.9-. St. Joseph, MO: Midland Printing Co ., 1917 .

Illustrated His torical Atlas Map of Holt County~ Brink, McDonough & Co., 1877.

Philadelphia, PA:

Mound . City2 Heart of Holt County. Centennial Committee Pu·o . , 1957 .

Our First One-Hundred Years 2-.l:88-4-19611 . United Methodist Church, 1964. ·

One-Ihmd~edth Anniver sar y Chur ch Bul1etin . Mound City Pre[1byteria,n Church.

Plat Bgok of Ifolt County , MO. Hixcon, 1925.

Popula tion and Percentage cha11~_Q_f_ I ncorporated Places , 1950 ... 1970. Colwn·bia, MO : compiled by Campbell, Rex.

Stand.a.rd .Atl as of Holt County, MO. Chica.go, IL: Ogle & Co ., 1898.

Standard Atlas of Holt County 2 MO. Chicago , IL: Ogle ft;, Co ~~ 1918.

Stubbs) Francis L. County, Mi ssouri.

A Prelimina.ry Report on the Mill Creek Area of Andrew Jhe Mi ssouri Ar chaeologts t _, Vol. 12" No. 1.

Total PqJ?_ulation for Miss ouri by County ., 1920-1979_• Co1Tu."Y1.bia, MO: Compi led ,by Vaughn, C. Edwin.

Williams, Wa lter , The State of Missouri: An Aut.i~b iographY_~ Columbia~ MO : E.W. Stephens, Pr ess, 1904 .

13

Allen, Irven Botkin , tT erry Brmrn , Clyde Catron, Irene Coin , Mrs. Earleana Costello, Irene Cotton, Mrs. G.F. , Jr. Ferguson, Merrill Fm.mtain ~ CaroJ.yn Davis, J a ck Derr, Ei l een Dry, Robert Dukes, Harry Gray , Harold Griffith, Mrs. E.K. Guyer, Helen Headley, Heed Hibbard, Mr. & Mrs. Eldon Hill, Cara G. Hornecker, :Mary Alice Huiatt, D.N. Lehmer, LawTence

PERSONAL INTERVIEWS.

Lentz, Mr. & Mrs. J.C. Lentz, Mrs. Richard McWilliams, Howard Morris, Mrs. Phillip Oyer l y, Mrs. Rosa Parsons, Gertrude Porter, Will iam T. Reed, Wibna Richard, E.E ., Jr. Richardson, Nita Robinson, Ellouise Roberts, Gordon Schooler, Will)llT Shultz, Gl en Skinner, Mrs. Roberta Smith, Mrs. Sam Sweany, Iris Teare, T.V . Wat s on, Vel ma. Wolters~ Al Yocum~ J unior.