DNA Technology. What is DNA Technology? Its a set of methods Name some of these methods: Cut DNA...
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![Page 1: DNA Technology. What is DNA Technology? Its a set of methods Name some of these methods: Cut DNA into segments 1 2 What cuts the DNA? Restriction enzymes.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649d995503460f94a83977/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA Technology
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What is DNA Technology?Its a set of methods
Name some of these methods:Cut DNA into segments
1
2
What cuts the DNA?Restriction enzymes
Another method?Gel electrophoresis
Why use it?To separate segments
Activity: Restriction enzymes
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What is done with the segments?Transfer to another organism
What are they transferred into in E. coli?
A plasmid
(E. coli)
What are these ‘new’ plasmids called?
Recombinant DNA plasmids
3
4
Activity: Cloning a gene in bacteria
(also called a ‘vector’ )
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What is done with these ‘new’ plasmids?
Put back into E. coli
E. Coli continues living
and dividing
But, what new capability does E. coli have?
Produces a ‘new’ protein
From that gene segment
5
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Used to study and manipulate genetic material
What are the methods used for?
Called?Genetic engineering
Or, recombinant DNA technology
The basic techniques of genetic engineering have many applications
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DNA Technology and useful products
What was the world’s first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product?
Insulin
Before modern biotechnology, where did insulin come from?
Cows, pigs, horses
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Why is the genetically engineered insulin better?
Its made from a human gene
Does not cause allergic reactions
gene A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)
Ample supply available
What is the name of the technique used to make insulin?
Recombinant DNA technology
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How does the recombinant DNA technique work?
DNA carrying a gene of interest is taken from a (e.g., a human) cell
The gene is inserted into the DNA of another (host) cell
The host cell now contains recombinant DNA
recombinant a molecule carrying DNA from more than one organism
The host cell multiplies
What happens to the DNA?The desired protein is produced
A quick look:
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Humulin production
• Huge vats
• Liquid culture of bacteria
• Bacteria contain insulin gene
Insulin collected, purified, tested for quality, packaged
• And, insulin is produced
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Where else is recombinant DNA used?
To introduce a gene into crop plants
The gene gives resistance to specific herbicides
What other crop plants can you think of?
e.g., rice, soybeans, cotton
Look at the golden rice activity
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Have you heard about the Flavr Savr tomato?
Its been genetically engineered…
To reduce rate of spoilage
What does this mean?
… a marketing advantageIt can sit on the shelf longer
It can be picked at a later stage of ripeness
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How is the stone washed denim look achieved?
Via genetic engineering…
• Recombinant DNA techniques are used
• To clone cellulase genes in bacteria
• To produce large quantities of cellulase
To sell to textile manufacturers
What does the enzyme do?
It partially breaks down the cotton fibers(They also wear out faster!)
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Have you ever skied on artificial snow?
This is another example of recombinant (r) DNA technology…
What has r DNA technology done for skiing?
Increase expression of a bacterial protein
Called SnowMax
Used in snow making machines
Mix cold water and protein & huge amounts of snow are produced
Activity: Applications of DNA technology
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Gel electrophoresisWhat would you do if you needed to analyze the DNA from a crime scene?
Collect DNA samples
• Extract DNA
1 2 3
From what? The crime scene itself (1)
And any suspects (2, 3)
Then what’s next?
• Cut &/or amplify the DNA samples
Activity: Gel electrophoresis of DNA
What are these fragments called?
Restriction fragments
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• Load DNA into wells• Turn on power supply
• Watch fragments travel through gel
• Observe separated fragments
What do you know about DNA to cause the fragments to travel in the gel?
(PO4- ) Length
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Compare the results
1 2 3
What is this field of science called?
1 2 3
Which DNA sample matches DNA from the crime scene?
Do you think this person is guilty of the crime?
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Learning check
1. A recombinant DNA molecule _____.
a. is necessary for manufacturing protein on a large scale
b. is produced in yeasts
c. is the product of a defective gene
d. requires DNA from two different individuals-perhaps even individuals from different species
e. requires the use of cDNA
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Learning check
1. A recombinant DNA molecule _____.
a. is necessary for manufacturing protein on a large scale
b. is produced in yeasts
c. is the product of a defective gene
d. requires DNA from two different individuals-perhaps even individuals from different species
e. requires the use of cDNA
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This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene.
Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 1?
2.
A B C D E
Activity: DNA Fingerprinting
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This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene.
Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 1?
2.
A B C D E
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This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene.
Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 2?
3.
A B C D E
![Page 22: DNA Technology. What is DNA Technology? Its a set of methods Name some of these methods: Cut DNA into segments 1 2 What cuts the DNA? Restriction enzymes.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649d995503460f94a83977/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
This is a DNA fingerprint exhibiting samples from a victim, two suspects, and the crime scene.
Which of these DNA fragments is common to both the victim and Suspect 2?
3.
A B C D E
![Page 23: DNA Technology. What is DNA Technology? Its a set of methods Name some of these methods: Cut DNA into segments 1 2 What cuts the DNA? Restriction enzymes.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649d995503460f94a83977/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
4. Why is Suspect 1 considered more likely to have committed the crime than Suspect 2?
a The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 1.
b The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 2.
c Suspect 1 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common that do the victim and Suspect 2.
d Suspect 2 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common that do the victim and Suspect 1.
e Suspect 1 and Suspect 2 have more DNA fragments in common than either have in common with the victim.
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4. Why is Suspect 1 considered more likely to have committed the crime than Suspect 2?
a The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 1.
b The crime scene sample contains DNA fragments from both the victim and Suspect 2.
c Suspect 1 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common that do the victim and Suspect 2.
d Suspect 2 and the victim have more DNA fragments in common that do the victim and Suspect 1.
e Suspect 1 and Suspect 2 have more DNA fragments in common than either have in common with the victim.
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5. In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules migrate from _____ to _____ ends of the gel.
a acidic ... basic
b negative ... positive
c basic ... acidic
d long ... short
e positive ... negative
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5. In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules migrate from _____ to _____ ends of the gel.
a acidic ... basic
b negative ... positive
c basic ... acidic
d long ... short
e positive ... negative
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For Thursday
Continue reading chapter 12
More detail on topics covered in Ch 12
Remember! Exam #2, Tuesday, 11/6
The exam will cover:
Chapter 6, Cell Respiration
Chapter 7, Photosynthesis
Chapter 12, DNA Technology
For next Tuesday