1.- - Dr. Vijay Marakala M.D Biochemistry SIMS&RC

2. CONTENTS Central Dogma Mechanisms Basic requirements Stages Inhibitors - - 3. RNA PROTEIN DNA Central Dogma - - 4. - - 5. DNA structure - - 6. Semi- conservative mechanism - - 7. - - 8. - - Basic requirements Requirements Substrates Template Enzymes Primer 9. Requirements - - Basic requirements Substrates dATP dGTP dCTP dTTP 10. Requirements - - Basic requirements TEMPLATE 11. - - ENZYMES DNA A Protein DNA Helicase Primase DNA Polymerase SSB DNA Topoisomerase DNA Ligase Ter binding protein Enzymes and Proteins 12. STAGES Initiation Elongation Termination - - 13. Unwinding and formation of replication fork - - Replication bubble 14. - - DNA Replication is Bidirectional 15. - - Helicase unwinds DNA 16. - - 5 3 5 Primase synthesizes PRIMER Single stranded binding protein 17. - - 5 5 3 3 5 3 Parental DNA Leading strand Laging strand 5 3 5 Okazaki fragments Primer Gap filled byDNA Ligase Elongation by DNA Polymerase IIIPrimer is removed by DNA Polymerase I 18. - - 19. - - 20. - - 21. DNA Ligase - - 22. Termination sequences Ter direct termination - - 23. - - 24. DNA DNA Bidirectional Primers Semiconservative mechanism Begins at origin Synthesis53 Read 35 Leading strand Laging strand - - 25. Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication - - Features Prokaryotes Eukaryotes RNA primer length 50 nucleotides 9 nucleotides DNA polymerase I,II,III ,,,, Number of origins Single Multiple Nucleotide length of Okazaki 1000-2000 nucleotides 200 nucleotides Rate of replication 500 nucleotides/sec 50 nucleotides/sec 26. - - 27. - - 28. - - Nalidixic acid Novobiocin Ciprofloxacin 29. - - Adriyamycin Etoposide Doxorubicin 30. - - THANK YOU