DNA: Promises and Problems I.What is DNA? An analogy II. Common DNA technologies A.DNA profiling...
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Transcript of DNA: Promises and Problems I.What is DNA? An analogy II. Common DNA technologies A.DNA profiling...
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DNA: Promises and Problems
I. What is DNA? An analogyII. Common DNA technologies
A. DNA profilingB. Genetic EngineeringC. ReprogeneticsD. Stem Cell ResearchE. Cloning
III. Brave New World?
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• DNA is like a cookbook
• Genes are like recipes for proteins
• Codons are like the words in the recipes
• ATCG are like the letters of the words
I. What is DNA? An Analogy
• Amino Acids are like the ingredients
• Ribosomes are like the ovens
• RNA is like the cook
• Proteins are like the cookies
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Questions
In the DNA analogy, what are the words?A. CodonsB. ATCGC. Amino acidsD. GenesIn the DNA analogy, what are the recipes?A. CodonsB. ATCGC. Amino acidsD. Genes
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II. Common DNA technologies
A. DNA profilingB. Genetic EngineeringC. ReprogeneticsD. Stem Cell ResearchE. Cloning
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A. DNA profiling
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Connections
Three domains
Genetic homology implies biologicalrelationship which implies common ancestry.
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Genome Comparisons
Bonobo
Chimp
98.7% homology6 to 8 mya
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Human origins and connections
The human family Human origins
99.9% homologyThe Genographic Project
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DNA DatabasesCODIS
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Questions
Based on DNA profiling and other DNA comparisons, how genetically similar are humans and chimpanzees?a. 10.3% b. 50.9% c. 98.7% d. 99.9%
Based on DNA profiling and other DNA comparisons, how genetically similar are all humans?a. 10.3% b. 50.9% c. 98.7% d. 99.9%
What is the goal of the Genographic Project?a. To determine how many genes humans haveb. To determine where humans originatedc. To determine how closely related we are to other animalsd. To determine the paths taken by humans from out of Africa
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B. Genetic engineering
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transgenic organisms
How can we do this?
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Animals that glow!!!!
GFP
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Axolotl
A germline GFP transgenic axolotl
Paedomorphosis
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agriculture
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The Holy Grail of GM Crops
Legumes
Rhizobium: root bacterium
nitrogenase
N2
High in protein
Protein and nitrogen
Nitrogen fixation
78% of air
Nitrogen fertilizer
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medicine
zygote
egg sperm
Germ line therapy
1. Gene therapy
2. Pharmacogenetics
SCID
What about other genes?
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QuestionsWhy did researchers insert a jellyfish gene into a monkey?a. Monkeys that glow make really cool petsb. Just to see if they could do itc. So they could study the activity of the gene of interestd. To find out if jellyfish and monkeys were related
Which of the following is NOT a use for transgenic species?a. Producing important human proteinsb. Growing human organsc. Producing animals that produce better animal productsd. Determining the function of human genese. All of these are uses of transgenic species
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Genetic testing for diseases
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C. Reprogenetics
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
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C. Reprogenetics
PGD•Cystic fibrosis
•Hemophilia•Sickle cell trait•Tay Sachs
(preimplantation genetic diagnosis)
IVF (in vitro fertilization)
•Sex determination• At risk diseases
Eugenics?
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D. Stem Cell Research
Ethics?Totipotent and pluripotent
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E. Cloning
Therapeutic versusReproductive cloning
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F. Brave New World?
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Unsubmissive Plant by Remedios Varo
The end