DNA mutations that can affect thebirdmanscience.weebly.com/.../5/...presentation_1.pdfNormal DNA...
Transcript of DNA mutations that can affect thebirdmanscience.weebly.com/.../5/...presentation_1.pdfNormal DNA...
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DNA mutations that can affect the resulting protein by changing ONE BASE.
Point Mutations
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T H E F A T C A T A T E T H E R A T
T H E F I T C A T A T E T H E R A T
Substitution. Reading frame stays the same – no frameshift. Only on amino acid will change, maybe not… why?
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T H E F A T C A T A T E T H E R A T
T H E F T C A T A T E T H E R A T
Deletion. Reading frame changes!! –frameshift happens. All amino acids after the deletion will be affected.
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T H E F A T C A T A T E T H E R A T
T H E F I T O C A T A T E T H E R A T
Insertion. Reading frame changes!! –frameshift happens. All amino acids after the insertion will be affected.
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Summary.
Point mutations only affect one base but can either have little (one amino acid) impact or serious impact (all downstream amino acids)
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Mutations that impact large sections of DNA.
Chromosomal Mutations
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Why are mutations
called “random”?
The overall error rate of DNA polymerase in the is 1 in 100,000,000 base pairs. Repair enzymes fix 99% of these errors and results in one mutation in every 10 billion base pairs that are replicated during the S-phase.
An alteration of the DNA sequence that results in an change (beneficial or deleterious) of the protein product that it codes for.
An agent that causes a mutation. Chemicals (bromine gas) and radiation (UV) are examples.