DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be...
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Transcript of DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be...
![Page 1: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA MUTATIONS
![Page 2: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CAUSES
• There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated:
• Mutations can be inherited.
• Parent to child
• Mutations can be acquired.
• Environmental damage
• Mistakes when DNA is copied
![Page 3: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS
• Most are neutral• Eye color• Birth marks
• Some are harmful• Sickle Cell Anemia• Down Syndrome
• Some are beneficial• Sickle Cell Anemia to Malaria• Immunity to HIV
![Page 4: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gene Mutations• Point Mutations – changes in one or
a few nucleotides– Substitution
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT• THE FAT HAT ATE THE RAT
– Insertion• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT• THE FAT CAT XLW ATE THE RAT
– Deletion• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT• THE FAT ATE THE RAT
![Page 5: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SUBSTITUTION
• If a substitution changes the amino acid, it’s called a MISSENSE mutation.
• If a substitution does not change the amino acid, it’s called a SILENT mutation.
• If a substitution changes the amino acid to a “stop,” it’s called a NONSENSE mutation.
![Page 6: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gene Mutations• Frameshift Mutations – shifts the
reading frame of the genetic message so that the protein may not be able to perform its function.– Insertion
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT• THE FAT HCA TAT ETH ERA T
– Deletion• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT• TEF ATC ATA TET GER AT
H
H
![Page 7: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait?
• Insertion, Deletion, Substitution (Missense)• Which type of mutation results in abnormal amino
acid sequence? • Insertion, Deletion, Substitution (Nonsense &
Missense• Which type of mutation stops the translation of the
mRNA? • NONSENSE
![Page 8: DNA MUTATIONS. CAUSES There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e265503460f94b157ee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)