DMRC

(Delhi Metro Rail Corporation)

COMPANY PROFILEThe following section contains the details of DMRC as an organization. Why it was created and how it has been maintained.

THE NEED?1.1.1.1. Delhi, the national capital with the population of about 12 million is, perhaps, the only city of its size in the world, which depends almost entirely on buses on it sole mode of mass transport. Bus services are inadequate and heavily over-crowded. This situation had led to proliferation of personalized vehicles, so much so that Delhi has more registered vehicle than the total number of vehicles in Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai put together. Nearly 70% of these are two wheelers. The result of extreme congestion on the road, ever slowing speeds, increasing accident rate, fuel wastage and environmental pollution. Delhi has now become the fourth most cities in the world, with automobiles contributing more than two thirds of the total atmospheric pollution. Pollution related health problems are reaching disconcerting levels.

To meet forecast transport demand for the year 2001, the number of buses will have to be at least doubled and personalized vehicles will grow three fold. This sure to lead to further worsening of the levels of congesting and pollution, which had already crossed acceptable limits in many part of the city.

Immediate steps are, therefore, needed to improve both the quality and availability of mass transport service. This is possible only if a rail-based mass transit system, which is non-polluting, is introduced in the city without further delay.DELHI MRTS PROJECT

With a view to reducing the problems of Delhis commuter, the launching of an Integrated Multi Mode Mass Rapid Transport System for Delhi had long been under consideration. The first concrete step in this direction was, however, taken when a feasibility study for developing such a multi-modal MRTS system was commissioned by GNCTD (with support from GOI) in 1989 and completed by RITES in 1991. It is recommended a 198.5 km predominantly rail based network, with first phase to cover a length of 55.3 km, report was completed by RITES during 1995.

The present proposal of modified first phase of the Delhi MRTS project approved by the Union Cabinet will cost approximately Rs. 4860 crores (at April, 1996 prices) and will comprise a network of 11 km to underground (METRO) corridor along with 44.30 km of elevated / surface (RAIL) corridors. It will have 45 stations in all. The project will require the acquisition of about 340 ha of land, of which about 58% is government land, 39% is private agricultural land and 3% is private urban land . The project is been implemented through a joint venture company (viz., Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.) set up on 50:50 partnership basis by GOI and GNCTD in May, 1995 and will be completed within 10 years.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

The Delhi MRTS is essentially a "social" sector project, whose benefits will pervade wide sections of economy. The modified first phase will generate substantial benefits to the economy by the way of:

Time saving for commuters

Reliable and safe journey

Reduction in atmospheric pollution

Reduction in accident

Reduced fuel consumption

Reduced vehicle operating costs

Increase in the average speed of road vehicles

Improvement in the quality of life

More attractive city for economic investment and growth

Economic IRR of the project works out to 21.4%, even though the financial IRR is less than 3%

FINANCING PLAN

As urban MRT projects are mean to provide a safe, speedy and affordable mode of travel to the commuters, they have not generally been found to be financially viable in the most cities of the world, despite their large economic benefits. MRT fares cannot be fixed purely on the basis of commercial principles, without drastic decrease in ridership and defeating the very object of setting up such mass transit system. Hence, the city dwellers must necessarily supplement the contributions to be made by the system users to meet the costs of setting up. as well as running the system. Delhi being national capital and international city, the GOI and GNCTD must also contribute to meet part of these costs. It has accordingly been decided that the project will be financed by way of equity contributions from the GOI / GNCTD, soft loan from the OECF (Japan), property development revenue and certain decided levies / taxes on the city dwellers.

The loan will rapid partly from surpluses from the box revenue, partly through dedicated levies / taxes in the NCT.

The financial plan of the project has been approved by the GNCTD and GIO on 24.7.1996 and 17.9.19996 respectively.

Source of FundPercentage of Total Cost

1. Equity contribution from GOI& GNCTD15% each

2. OECF (Japan) LoanApprox. 56%

3. Revenue from Property DevelopmentApprox. 6%

4. Subordinate Debt towards Cost and LandApprox. 8%

The above financial plan is based on :

Debt Equity ratio 2:1

Fare: Base rate rs. 5.00 (at April, 1995 prices) per passenger trip of 7.12 km.

Financial Highlights

During the year under review, your company had achieved 24 % progress in physical terms. The overall cumulative physical progress of the project at the end of the financial year stands at 98%. Financial progress of Phase I of the project at the end of the financial year stands at 95%. Project related expenditure incurred was Rs.2127 crores as against Rs 2409 crores for the previous year. The value of assets capitalized during the year was Rs. 5128 crores. With the capitalization of these assets, the total asset base of the company excluding capital works in progress went up to Rs. 9285.91 crores. All corridors of Delhi MRTS phase I have been opened for commercial operations except Barakhamba Road Indraprastha Extension section, which is slated for opening in November 2006. Entire equity capital and contribution on account of sub-ordinate debt for Phase I have already been received. All six tranches of JBIC loan amounting to Yen 162751 million have been effectuated, out of this, an amount of Yen 139452 million (equivalent to Rs. 5450.20 crores) has already been spent. To meet the project related expenditure of phase II. Equity funds amounting to Rs. 137 crores and Rs. 346.66 crores have been received respectively from Government of India and Government of NCT of Delhi in the financial year 2005-2006. The total contribution against equity capital including share application money upto March, 2006 by both the governments has been Rs. 3411.67 crore. After approval of Phase II

Project, JBIC has agreed to provide loan assistance for an amount of Yen 90673 million, which works out to be approximately 47% of the project cost. The first rancher loan agreement was signed on 31.3.2006 for an amount of Yen 14900 million.

During the year under review, the total revenue generated was Rs. 448.94 crore inclusive of income from operations, real estate, consultancy and other incomes and after meeting all the expenditure (except interest and depreciation) a revenue surplus of Rs. 346.53 crores was generated. After adjustment of interest and depreciation amounting to Rs. 67.61 crores and Rs. 193.69 crores respectively, profit before tax earned during the year was Rs. 85.23 crores. Against this, arrears of depreciation adjusted amounted to Rs. 23.83 crore thereby reducing the net surplus

to Rs. 61.40 crores. However, after making provisions for tax liabilities amounting to Rs. 95.28 crores including deferred tax liability of Rs. 90.47 crores, there is a loss after tax of Rs. 33.28 crores. Pursuant to this, the basic and diluted Earning Per Share (EPS) of the face value of Rs. 1000/- each are Rs. (-) 12.02 and Rs. (-) 11.53, respectively.

Status of the Project

Phase I

With the opening of Dwarka Sub-city Extension Line on 31st March 2006, except for 2.81 km section from Barakhamba Road to Indraprastha, entire phase I covering a total network of 62.15 kms has been opened for commercial operations. Originally, the phase-I of Delhi Metro Project was planned for a total network of 55.3 kms covering three lines. With the substitution of Subzimandi Holambi Kalan section with Inderlok Rithala section and Trinagar Nangloi section with Barakhamba Road Dwarka line and also with the additional sections of Dwarka Sub city Extension line and Indraprastha Barakhamba Road section, the total route Kms in phase I increased to 65.1. As against the original target of completion of 55.3 Kms of network in 10 years, your Company has achieved the target of implementing 62.15

Kms in 7 years and 3 months. The remaining section from Indraprastha Barakhamba Road is nearing completion and is slated to be opened in November 2006

Phase - II

As you are aware, the Group of Ministers in its meeting held on 30th August 2005, had approved phase-II of Delhi Metro project comprising six corridors, aggregating in length to 50.14 kms.

The approved corridors are as under:

i. Vishwavidyalaya Jahangir Puri: 6.36 Kms

ii. Central Secretariat IIT : 7.99 Kmsiii. Indraprastha New Ashok Nagar : 8.07 Kms

iv. Shahdara Dilshad Garden : 3.09 Kms

v. Kirti Nagar Mundka : 18.47 Kms

vi. Yamuna Bank Depot Anand Vihar ISBT : 6.16 Kms

The Group of Ministers while approving the above corridors laid down a condition that proposal in respect of IIT Qutub Minar portion (2.88 Kms) of the proposed Central Secretariat Qutub Minar line would be reviewed again, mainly in the context of its impact on the Qutub Minar. Based on the study conducted and discussions held with Archeological Survey of India (ASI), out of 6 options, the Board of Directors has recently approved the underground alignment beyond Green Park with last station at Ambedkar Colony. This line will require additional funds to the tune of Rs. 558 crores.

Extension of Delhi Metro to NOIDA

An agreement has been signed between DMRC and NOIDA Authority for extending Delhi Metro to NOIDA city. The extension of Delhi Metro into NOIDA will cover 7 Kms and will have six stations. The cost for the extension will be Rs. 736 crore, out of which the entire cost of land amounting to Rs. 32 crore will be borne by NOIDA Authority and Rs. 93 crores on account of rolling stock will be borne by DMRC. The balance amount of Rs. 611 crore will be funded by NOIDA and Central Government in 85: 15 ratios. An amount of Rs. 155 crores has already been handed over to DMRC by NOIDA authority. During the current financial year, the civil works on this extension will gain full momentum and, it is proposed to complete entire works on this section by June 2009.

Extension of Delhi Metro to Gurgaon

Central Secretariat IIT metro corridor is proposed to be further extended to Ambedkar Colony. There is a proposal to take this line further to Gurgaon via Andheria Morh, for which Govt. of Haryana has conveyed their acceptance. Approval of the GOM is being taken for the extension. The total route length of this extension to Gurgaon will be 14.47 kms, out of which 7.42 kms will be in Delhi Territory and remaining 7.05 kms will be in Haryana territory. The total completion cost for this extension line will amount to Rs. 1422 crores. The work on Haryana segment will be taken up as a deposit work on the lines of Metro work being undertaken by DMRC for UP government for extension of Delhi Metro to NOIDA city.

This section is planned to be opened for commercial operations by August 2010, before the commencement of Commonwealth Games.

Airport Link Express line

Government is seriously considering providing the city an express connection to the airport terminal. It is expected that approval of the Government to this proposal will shortly be accorded.

Commercial Operations

Barring a small section of 2.81 kms from Barakhamba Road to Indraprastha, the entire network of 62.15 Kms running across three lines is now operational. The year under review was very busy year as three different sections were inaugurated for commercial operations during the year. M-II section (Kashmere Gate Central Secretariat) was inaugurated on 2nd July 2005 and entire Line III (Dwarka Barakhamba Road) was opened for commercial operations on 31st December 2005.Dwarka Sub-city Extension line was also opened for commercial operations on April 1, 2006. With the opening of various sections, there has been steady increase in the ridership on Metro network. Presently, the average daily ridership is approximately 4, 60,000. During the year under review, out of 73 shortlisted feeder bus routes, 65 bus routes, which were found in accordance with existing policy of RTVs, were

Approved by State Transport Authority (STA). On these approved routes, presently, 383 RTVs are running to provide feeder links to metro commuters. A high level Committee is considering to introduce special mini buses which will be equipped with better facilities, as Metro Link service. The punctuality status of Delhi Metro, which is running services on all three lines from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. is over 99%. Punctuality in Delhi Metro is measured in seconds and every train which is 60 seconds behind schedule is considered late. Metro trains run more than 20, 000 kms everyday and the doors of the trains open and close 5.6 lakhs time each day, making Delhi Metro trains among the most heavily used metro system. To run these trains, services of 250 specially trained train operators are used. These train operators are specially trained in handling all sophisticated computerized train operations. Besides that, they can attend to minor technical problems including door closing issues, fire fighting, night train operations etc. During the year under review, Metro train frequency has been brought down to 4 minutes on line I and line II , while 5 minute headway is being maintained on line III. The headway will gradually be reduced to 3 minutes

As traffic builds up and more trains are inducted into the system. To provide more facilities and ease out congestion on ticketing windows, an automatic token vending machine has recently been installed at Rajiv Gandhi Metro station on trial basis. Passengers can get tokens with the help of this touch screen based machine without waiting in queue. If, the use of these machines is found acceptable to the commuters, then such machines may be installed on some selected metro stations in Phase-II.

Special Provision for Handicap Passengers

Delhi Metro is committed to provide highest standard in commuter satisfaction. It has designed its trains and stations to cater the needs of handicap passengers. Some of the facilities are as under

Special ramps are provided at the stations for access to the lifts.

Lifts and escalators are provided at all the stations for easy movement.

Moreover, lifts are designed so that they can be operated by visually

Impaired persons.

Wheelchairs and stretchers are provided at all the stations.

Tac tile path is there for visually impaired persons.

Seats are reserved for handicap passengers.

Extra space is designated in metro coaches for passengers with wheel chairs and in stretchers.

Visual display and announcement system in each train for passenger convenience.

Consultancy Business

The success of the Delhi Metro has enthused several states of India to seek DMRCs help in building similar systems in their cities. DMRC has already prepared Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for MRTS systems in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Kochi and a new line in Kolkata. Detailed Project Report for the cities of Thiruvananthapuram, Faridabad, Ghaziabad and Bahadurgarh are under preparation. Even other countries have shown a great deal of interest, notably Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Syria and Ireland. DMRC recognizes that its consultancy role can be an important source of revenue, which, in turn, will help keep fare structure on Delhi Metro system within the reach of the common man. A dedicated task force, therefore, has been identified within the DMRC team to render these services.

2nd Fare Fixation Committee

During this year , the Central Government, in exercise of powers conferred under of the Delhi Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002, constituted 2nd Fare Fixation Committee for the purpose of recommending to the Delhi Metro Railway Administration, the fares for the carriage of passengers for the entire Phase I. The 2nd Fare Fixation Committee, guided by the approach of first Fare Fixation Committee, the prevalent practices regarding price Fixation in other metros, comparison of the service with other modes of transport in the city of Delhi, endeavored to ensure that a fine balance is maintained between affordability of fares by the commuters and sustainability of the metro system. The

Fare Fixation Committee recommended slight revision in fares. These revised fares were implemented w.e.f. 31st December 2006.

Delhi Metro changing urban scenario in Delhi

The Delhi Metro has come a long way since it was first visualized as a solution to Delhis transport woes. Today, it is not longer a dream but a reality that lakhs of people are using Delhi Metros services everyday. It has become a model of efficiency, which can be emulated in other spheres to make Delhi a global city. Not only Delhi Metro compare with the best in the world, it has also brought a sea change in the state of real estate in the city. With the promise of better connectivity, areas through which the Metro passes have seen an upswing in property prices in recent years. This became evident as on the completion of Phase-I area like Dwarka and Rohini, once shunned for their distance from the city center, have now become accessible. Consequently, prices of dwellings in these areas have gone up. With construction already under way for Phase-II of the Metro, similar changes in the real estate market prices of other areas are inevitable. Delhi Metro has, therefore, played a very vital role in enhancing the asset value of Delhi city, as a whole.

Environmental Management Plan

During execution of the project in phase II of Delhi MRTS Project, Delhi Metro is preparing an Environmental Management Plan, which will include compensatory

afforestation, control of noise pollution and vibration control. There are plans to plant over 31,000 saplings in an area of 26.30 hectares. The species recommended for plantation in the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of phase II include Neem, Eucalyptus, Kikar, Ashok, Jamun and Sisso. Noise Pollution will be controlled through automation, protection devices, noise barriers and sound proof compartments. In phase II also, the Metro train tracks, when trains are in operation, will be supported by two layers of rubber pads to reduce track noise and ground vibrations. DMRC is committed to keep the environment clean from various kinds of atmospheric pollutions. Delhi Metro will monitor the noise levels, air and water quality and construction linked vibrations through sampling at various stages of the construction in phase - II of the project. During execution of Phase I of Delhi MRTS Project also, Delhi Metro maintained very high concern for environment related issues, in recognition of which, DMRC received ISO 14001 for Environmental protection OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Sequence) for organizational Health and Safety.

Rain Water Harvesting

Delhi Metro is doing Rain Harvesting at most of the metro stations on the Indraprastha Dwarka metro line as an environmental protection measure. Provision for Rain Water

Harvesting were made as part of its station construction contracts. Similar provision is planned for phase II of Metro Project as well. This initiative of DMRC will help in recharging the ground water in Delhi as the Metro has established large catchment areas at almost all the stations, wherein storage tanks have been made to collect the rain water. The catchment areas at all stations have been optimally designed, keeping in view the expected intensity of rainfall. The water from these catchment areas located at Metro Stations diverts the rain water from the roof tops catchments

by drain pipes to settlement/ filtration tanks which clean the water before storing them in borewells which are underground and located below the stations. The approximate area of each borewell is around 16 sq. mtrs and storage capacity of each borewell is in the range of 28000 liters annually.

Earthquake Resistant Structures

Natural calamities can be disastrous, if proper care and caution is not taken during planning and execution stage of any project. From the earthquake proneness considerations, the whole of India is divided into five seismic zones. While Zone V is considered to be the most active seismic zone, the city of Delhi falls in seismic zone IV. Delhi Metro stations, elevated structures and underground tunnels are built with sufficient strength to endure maximum stress and strain in any eventuality including earthquake. All the civil structures of Delhi Metro project are designed to take care of additional forces, which may occur in the event of an earthquake. The relevant Indian Standard Codes and other International codes, in this regard, are being followed.

Human Resources Management

The Employer-Employee relationship continued to be cordial throughout the year. Your Directors wish to place on record their sincere appreciation for the highly committed services rendered by both project and O&M wings of the company. Through extraordinary work spirit exhibited by employees at all levels helped the Company to achieve all project targets and to run the operations smoothly safely and efficiently.Women Workforce

The present strength of women employees in DMRC is 140. Out of which 53 are in Project Division and 87 in Operation and Maintenance Division. The enabling organization culture of DMRC and exposure to the latest technology of various fields is attracting more and more women candidates for employment in DMRC. Apart from various welfare schemes available in DMRC, a few facilities are available exclusively for women employees.

Particulars of Employees

There was no employee in the employment of the Company who was drawing salary of more than Rs.2,00,000/- per month, if employed for the part of the year and Rs.24,00,000/- per annum, if employed, for the full year, in whose respect information in accordance with the provisions of Section 217(2) A of the Companies Act, 1956, read with the Companies (Particulars of Employees) Rules, 1975, as amended, is required to be given.Companys Website

The Companys Website is www.delhimetrorail.com. All major information pertaining to company, including project, contracts,

job, recruitment process and results etc. are given on the website.

Address for correspondence:

SCADA

This section contains information about SCADA and its related features.

What is SCADA?SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. As the name indicates, it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level. As such, it is a purely software package that is positioned on top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), or other commercial hardware modules.

SCADA systems are used not only in industrial processes: e.g. steel making, power generation (conventional and nuclear) and distribution, chemistry, but also in some experimental facilities such as nuclear fusion. The size of such plants ranges from a few 1000 to several 10 thousands of input/output (I/O) channels. However, SCADA systems evolve rapidly and are now penetrating the market of plants with a number of I/O channels, of several 100 K.SCADA systems used to run on DOS, VMS and UNIX; in recent years all SCADA vendors have moved to NT and some also to Linux.

WHY IS SCADA

WIDELY ACCEPTED?The major attraction of SCADA to a municipality is the ability to significantly reduce operating labor costs, while at the same time actually improve plant or regional system performance and reliability. Information gathering within a plant no longer requires personnel to spend time wandering all over the site, and correspondingly the frequency of field site inspections required in a regional system can be minimized.

Costly after-hours alarm call-outs can often be avoided since a SCADA system will indicate the nature and degree of a problem, while the ability to remotely control site equipment may permit an operator at home to postpone a site visit till working hours. SCADA based alarming is also very reliable since it is in-house and tied directly to process controlA significant feature of a SCADA system, often not fully appreciated, is the trending of data and nothing comes close for speed and ease of operation. When graphically displayed, accumulated operating data often will indicate a developing problem, or an area for process improvement. Reports can easily be generated from this data utilizing other common software programs.

It should be appreciated that while a SCADA system is often complex to configure - it is extremely easy to operate!

SCADA ARCHITECTUREA SCADA system includes input/output signal hardware, controllers, HMI, networks, communication, database and software.The term SCADA usually refers to a central system that monitors and controls a complete site or a system spread out over a long distance (kilometers/miles). The bulk of the site control is actually performed automatically by a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) or by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Host control functions are almost always restricted to basic site over-ride or supervisory level capability. For example, a PLC may control the flow of cooling water through part of an industrial process, but the SCADA system may allow an operator to change the control set point for the flow, and will allow any alarm conditions such as loss of flow or high temperature to be recorded and displayed. The feedback control loop is closed through the RTU or PLC; the SCADA system monitors the overall performance of that loop.

WHAT IS Data ACQUISITION?

Data acquisition begins at the RTU or PLC level and includes meter readings and equipment statuses that are communicated to SCADA as required. Data is then compiled and formatted in such a way that a control room operator using the HMI can make appropriate supervisory decisions that may be required to adjust or over-ride normal RTU (PLC) controls. Data may also be collected in to a Historian, often built on a commodity Database Management System, to allow trending and other analytical work.

SCADA systems typically implement a distributed database, commonly referred to as a tag database, which contains data elements called tags or points. A point represents a single input or output value monitored or controlled by the system. Points can be either "hard" or "soft". A hard point is representative of an actual input or output connected to the system, while a soft point represents the result of logic and math operations applied to other hard and soft points. Most implementations conceptually remove this distinction by making every property a "soft" point (expression) that can equal a single "hard" point in the simplest case. Point values are normally stored as value-timestamp combinations; the value and the timestamp when the value was recorded or calculated. A series of value-timestamp combinations is the history of that point. It's also common to store additional metadata with tags such as: path to field device and PLC register, design time comments, and even alarming information.

A SCADA RTU [Remote Terminal Unit] performs remote control and monitoring, protective relays provide protection, strip charts record metering (historical) data, meter-dials display volts and amps and control handlers provide local control and monitoring. SCADA IED [Intelligent Electronic Device] replaced mechanical relay switches with computer microprocessor-based devices often called a PLC [Programmable Logic Controller]. IEDs support GUI [Graphical User Interfaces] which provide for more detailed, effective and versatile reports.HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE HMI

A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process data to a human operator, and through which the human operator controls the process.

The HMI industry was essentially born out of a need for a standardized way to monitor and to control multiple remote controllers, PLCs and other control devices.

An HMI may also be linked to a database, to provide trending, diagnostic data, and management information such as scheduled maintenance procedures, logistic information, detailed schematics for a particular sensor or machine, and expert-system troubleshooting guides.

WHAT IS INVOLVED?There are five phases to creating a functional SCADA system:Phase 1

The DESIGN of the system architecture. This includes the all-important communication system, and with a regional system utilizing radio communication often involves a radio path survey.

Also involved will be any site instrumentation that is not presently in existence, but will be required to monitor desired parameters.

Phase 2

The SUPPLY of RTU, communication and HMI equipment, the latter consisting of a PC system and the necessary powerful graphic and alarm software programs. Also selection and configuration of the PLC is done in this step.

Phase 3 The PROGRAMMING of the communication equipment and the powerful HMI graphic and alarm software programs. This includes the programming of the PLC or the RTU according to the desired response.

Phase 4

The INSTALLATION of the communication equipment and the PC system.

Phase 5 The COMMISSIONING of the system, during which communication and HMI programming problems are solved, the system is proven to the client, operator training and system documentation is provided

RTU REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT An RTU, or Remote Terminal Unit is a microprocessor controlled electronic device which interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA system by transmitting telemetry data to the system and/or altering the state of connected objects based on control messages received from the system.

The RTU connects to physical equipment, and reads status data such as the open/closed status from a switch or a valve, reads measurements such as pressure, flow, voltage or current. By sending signals to equipment the RTU can control equipment, such as opening or closing a switch or a valve, or setting the speed of a pump.

The RTU can read digital status data or analogue measurement data, and send out digital commands or analogue set points.

An important part of most SCADA implementations are alarms. An alarm is a digital status point that has either the value NORMAL or ALARM. Alarms can be created in such a way that when their requirements are met, they are activated. An example of an alarm is the "fuel tank empty" light in a car. The SCADA operator's attention is drawn to the part of the system requiring attention by the alarm. Emails and text messages are often sent along with an alarm activation alerting managers along with the SCADA operatorDMRC SCADA

A CASE STUDY

DMRC DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION has most of its installed infrastructure based on the SCADA. From the air-conditioning to the fire exhaust system, from power control to the lightening system everything gets under the hands of a single SCADA operator sitting in front of the HMI.

There are mainly two kinds of SCADA used in DMRC

BMS-the BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TRACTION POWER CONTROL

Each station is remotely connected to the OCC-Operational Control Center.It has the control over each and every station and possesses the highest command priorty.Infact the various modes of operation such as Emergency and Congestion are controlled by this only.

It is also responsible for the control of the traction power controlTRACTION SCADA SYSTEM(Supervisory control and data acquisition)

Traction SCADA system is providing smooths operation, effective monitoring control and logging of the traction power system on the metro corridor and rail corridor. Supervision:

SCADA lets the operator supervise the power system interactively with schematic pictures which illustrate the real process and direct the operator to make correct decisions.Control:

The operator performs control operations-open, close, lower. higher etc.

Control commands:- Closing Command:

(To C.B., I.T., B.M., and ISOLATOR)

-OPEN Command:

(To C.B., I.T., B.M., and ISOLATOR)

-TAP Change Command:

(For AT1, AT2, TT1, and TT2)

-SCADA permissive Command

Data acquisition:

Process information is stored on a process database and a report database. The real-time process database stores incoming and outgoing process data signals. Process communication from and to the base system passes through the process database. The report database stores historical data and mathematically or statistically handled values. It also executes SCIL programs based on Time or events.SCADA software used in DMRC is MICROSCADA OF ABB.

In LINE 1 SCADA software of ELLIOP was used, a JAPAN based company, but now the contract has been given to ABB for LINE2, LINE 3, and for phase 2.

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE: The SCADA system is mainly divided into two parts, the Hardware and the Software. The hardware unit (RTUs and associated communication links) picks up the data from the remote monitoring sections and sends them to the OCC for processing of the data. (The fibre optic link for communication which takes in and gives out RS232 signal not in scope of ABB). The software, MicroSCADA offers powerful and convenient tools for the operator for maintaining healthiness in the power supply system. The MMI provided on the operator workstations help the operator to get an overall view of the status and the conditions of various remote equipment and control of the same is possible on occurrence of any incidents. Functionally speaking, the SCADA system can be broken into following subsystems: Data transmission network: It picks up data also called the remote monitoring on site, ie) in RITHALA, ASS, SP/ SS and brings them to OCC data processing system. On the other direction, all the operators instruction are sent to the remote terminal units by means of remote controls Data Processing system: At 0CC, various devices are provided to offer powerful and convenient tools to operate swiftly and efficiently the power supply

Fig1.1 Complete Scheme of DMRC SCADA SYSTEM WORKING OF SCADARTUs are installed for all the RSS, TSS, AMS, AC-DC, ASS, SP, SSP locations. The SCADA system installed at the Operator Control Centre continuously receives the data from all the RTUs over a combination of electrical RS485 & a Fibre Optic Network. At operator control centre, there are servers which process the data received from RTUs.

The software, MicroSCADA offers powerful and convenient tools for the operator for maintaining healthiness in the power supply system. The MMI provided on the operator workstations help the operator to get an overall view of the status, close/open operation of circuit breakers, isolators etc,recording the events,alarms,trends and energy reports.SCADA SYSTEM basically divided into three parts:

1) Software/Hardware part at operational control centre

2) Communication System

2) Remote Terminal Unit

BASIC FUNCTIONALITIES OF EACH SYSTEM:1) OCC(Operational Control Centre)

OPERATION CONTROL CENTRE

introduction

The SCADA system installed at the Operator Control Centre forms the virtual brain of power system automation system. it continuously receives the data from all the RTUs over a combination of electrical RS485 & a Fibre Optic Network. The operation control centre or master station receives information from the field, decides what to do with it, stores it and issues requests and/or command s to the remote devices.

The software, MicroSCADA offers powerful and convenient tools for the operator for the effective control and monitoring of power supply system. The MMI provided on the operator workstations help the operator to get an overall view of the status, close/open operation of circuit breakers, isolators etc,recording the events,alarms,trends and energy reports.

From the control centre, the operator can control and monitor the complete power system. The Main parts of a control centre are:

Server

Workstation or operator consoles

Hub for the Local Area Network

Communication cubicle

system overview at occ

fig 2 Base Systems : Servers

There are two servers Base A and Base B in hot/standby configuration. This means that there will be two base systems running the same software with one active at a time. The other system will be shadowing all the process including updation to data base. On a condition of fault in the running main system the second system will undertake all operations without substantial time delay.To improve the reliability of operation even if both the base system at OCC fails, the ISBT control centre will take over the entire operation authority automatically through system configuration in the SCADA software. Work-station : Operator Consoles

The Work-stations are provided at the operator desk. Total 02 nos. work-stations are provided each having dual monitor facility, thereby operator can have 04 nos. monitors .At each monitor; he can open the sub-station picture as per requirement.

FRONT END PROCESSORS

These are the intermediate servers in between the, main server BASE A and the RTU.Now there are two servers one is for communication purpose and other one is for data update. These servers are used for communication purpose with RTUs, they reduce the load on the main server, and main servers are used only for the control and to make any change in the field. Every front end processors has its stand by server. During phase 1 front end processors were not used, but now in phase2 they are being used. FALL BACK SWITCHFall back switch are used to easily switch over from fe 1 to fe 2.how PrintersThe SCADA software supports two data logging printers connected on LAN. All print commands from SCADA software will be sent to the default primary printer. In case of any failure of the primary printer, the SCADA software automatically switches to secondary printer.Details of server and work-station

ItemServerWork-station

Brand/MakeHP ML350COMPAQ APS250

Type of Computer3.0 GHz Pentium Xeon dual processor1600 MHZ Pentium 3 processor

RAM Size1 GB SDRAM256MB SDRAM,133 Mhz

Hard Disk03 HDD each of capacity 36 GB with ultra-320

SCSI controller20 GB

Monitor15 inch full graphic21 inch full graphic

CD ROM/Floppy driveCombo drive and 1.44MB,3.5 inch floppy driveCombo drive and 1.44MB,3.5 inch floppy drive

Operating SystemWindows 2003 ServerWindows 2000 Professional

Expansion Slots3 PCI slots3 PCI slots/1 AGP/1 CNR slot

Network cardDual 10/100Mbps Network interface cardDual 10/100Mbps Network interface card

Functions of the SCADA SoftwareMan Machine Interface

Man Machine Interface (MMI) provides the basis for all interactions between the operator and the SCADA system. It also provides features for altering the operator visually on occurrence of critical alarms and events. Operator can take appropriate control actions from the MMI screens

The system provides three security levels for access to different functions:

a) Control Level : Access to view and control

b) Engineering Level : Privilege to configure the database

c) Administrative level: Facility to add users in addition to above privileges.Real time display and control

Full graphic coloured display of the full section iwith relavant indication of devices can be seen on the VDU screen of the work-station There will be a separate picture for all the substations showing the single line diagram of that sub-station Open status of the breaker, equipment in open position and red.

Close status of the breaker, equipment in closed position and in green.

Unknown input, (discrepancy state i.e. 00 or 11) equipment in magenta with uncertain status (question mark).

The status of tracks and bus bars will be, red for de-energised, green for energised and blue for unGeneral color criteria d

In order to discriminate voltage levels used in traction power and auxiliary power, different colors are used in synoptic screens for lines, bars, circuit breakers and isolators, etc. Colors selected are as follows:

- 66 kV lines, bars, etc. will be presented in blue color (white if not energized).

- 33 kV lines, bars, etc. will be presented in green color (white if not energized).

- 25 kV catenary, lines, bars, etc. will be presented in red color if the power is supplied from Kashmere Gate or in brown color if the power is supplied from New Delhi. (If power is supplied from both sides then a priority criteria will be considered).

- 415 V lines, bars, etc. will be presented in pink color (white if not energized).

- Track earthing panel will be presented if exits.

White color will be used for the catenaries, lines and bars only (not in the devices such as breakers, isolators, etc.) when they are de-energized.Dynamic representation of positions/status of elementsCircuit breakers

All of the circuit breakers will be displayed as:

Open

Closed

Undefined: means intermediate status (00)

Faulty: means illegal status (11)

Unknown or no-current value (for instance, the RTU is not communicating

The shape will change according to the status (see figures), and the color will be different according to the voltage level (see section 5.3).

Isolators (manual) will be displayed as:

Open

Closed

Undefined: means intermediate status (00)

Faulty: means illegal status (11)

Unknown or no-current value (for instance, the RTU is not communicating)

If an isolator can be controlled from OCC (motor operated), to represent this, a square will be drawn around the rhombus.

If an isolator can be controlled from OCC (motor operated), to represent this, a square will be drawn around the rhombus.

The shape will change according to the status (see figures), and the color will be different according to the voltage level (see section 5.3).

Interrupters (all types) will be displayed as:

Open

Closed

Undefined: means intermediate status (00)

Faulty: means illegal status (11)

Unknown or no-current value (for instance, the RTU is not communicating)

Interrupters (all types) will be displayed as:

Open

Closed

Undefined: means intermediate status (00)

Faulty: means illegal status (11)

Unknown or no-current value (for instance, the RTU is not communicating)

Earthing switches will be displayed as:

Open

Closed

Undefined: means intermediate status (00)

Faulty: means illegal status (11

Dynamic representation of alarmsIn addition to the representation of the alarms in the list of alarms (alarms windows with filtering facilities, time tag, etc.), the status of the most important alarms are presented in the single line diagram synoptics windows as shown in the following:

Meanings of letters that appear as indicated in the figure are:

T for CB trip (86) alarm

C for CB trip CKT faulty (74-C) alarm.

P for protection relay faulty alarm.

L for local position.

All the letters above will be displayed in red color, if applicable, according to the presence of each signal in the signal list of each element (Ref [4]).The close/open status of the circuit breaker is displayed dynamically as stated above. Apart from the close/open status, a separate window is also provided to show the status of the CB like:

Local/Remote Status

SF6 gas pressure status

110 V DC Fail

Protection relay status

Test/Service Traction supply section view

For each traction supply section there will be separate views. Efforts will be made to accommodate the entire traction supply section in a single view. There is navigating buttons for next view and previous view. The static and dynamic objects will be shown in the window as per the approved drawings. In each traction supply section view, a button will be provided for the OHE isolation management.

The control of the equipment will be possible by selecting the equipment. Each equipment will have separate windows. Details of equipment alarms will be provided in the alarm listRemote Control

For emergency or abnormal condition, the operator at the main station (ECC) will have the control of the equipment from the main control room (ECC). He can undertake the function of isolation of faulty equipment and sections and may return them back to service on the establishment of normal configuration. For the control of the field equipment, the commands from the Software will be sent to the field using the Digital Output Cards of the RTU.

The software provides a multi-window environment. When the user with the needed privilege wants to control the device which is to be controlled a screen as shown below appears.

When the operator clicks open breaker then the below screen appears asking him to confirm his action.

Once he confirms his action that particular breaker gets opened.Operator Commands : Close/open Command

Tap low/Raise command

SCADA Permissive commandConcept of SCADA Permissive command: There are two modes of control locally from the control panel of CB and remotely from OCC i.e. through SCADA.This command is initiated by the operator on the request of the field staff to operate the circuit breaker locally. In the absence of SCADA permissive command, CB can not be operated locally.

OHE isolations management window. dOHE isolation management is possible from individual screens. A separate window will be provided for each elementary section. From this window it will possible to set or cancel the isolations.

Blocking and Deblocking of Devices: Devices at various stations can be individually blocked and deblocked whenever needed. Say if some device is blocked then its current status can not be changed from SCADA. Once the device is deblocked it can be opened/closed according to the need. For example if some maintenance work is going on and some breaker has to remain open to ensure safety in that case closing of that breaker should not be possible from the operator side. So that particular device will be blocked by the engineer in the SCADA and no operator can close it. After the maintenance work is over once the engineer deblocks that device, the operator can close the breaker from the SCADA.

Control Feedback After a supervisory control command is issued by the operator ,a message is returned to the operator indicating whether the message could be successfully delivered to the RTU or not.The possible feedback messages are given below : Command not executed : RTU not responding

Command not executed : Device is interlocked

Command not executed : Device Blocked for control

Command not executed : Device under power block Command executed successfullyTele-measuring

Following measurands are measured and recorded in SCADA. The real time analog value of the object is displayed dynamically in the picture at the relevant place and recorded also in the form of trends (graphs) and measurement report.

Voltage of three phases

Current of 03 phases

Power factor of each feeder

Frequency

Maximum demand (KVA)

Maximum Demand (KW)

MVARH (Exp) d MVARH (Imp)

MWH (Exp)

MWH (Imp)

Apparent Energy (MVAH)

Tap position of transformer

Trends

A trend is a time-related follow-up of process data. The trend picture can contain a maximum of ten curves, which can be selected from the trend basket.

Following trend reports are available:

Voltage profile of each elementary section

Voltage profile of TSS feeding zone and RSS

Current profile of TSS feeding zone and RSS

Power factor profile of RSS and TSS

Frequency

Battery Voltage of each sub-station

Limit Setting of the telemetered parameters:

Operator can define low and high limits of analog value such as voltage,current,frequency,MD.The Real time value will be checked by the software against these limits and appropriate alarms will be raisedMeasurement Reports

The Measurement Report is used within SCADAs library Applications for various types of time related reports, such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly reports. The Measurement Reports can be used for instance as below:

Reporting of energy (active, reactive)

Reporting of current (e.g. bay level)

Reporting of voltage (e.g. bay level) d

Generally, the reports are time-related follow-ups of process, metered, entered or calculated data. All types of data can be illustrated as reports. All data for the reports are calculated and stored in real time. Report data is collected and calculated cyclically or triggered by events. The most common method is to fetch raw data from the process, and thereafter to refine it and store it in the report database.

Daily report (time resolution: 30 minutes)

Daily report (time resolution: 60 minutes)

Weekly report (time resolution: 1 day)

Monthly report (time resolution: 1 day)

Yearly report (time resolution: 1 month)

Event Management

Any change in the field status or any operators request or action shall be processed as an Event and will be logged on to the event list in chronological order. The event list (Fig 4.4) presents the data in a structured way, for the convenience of the user.

Each event is normally presented by displaying an event text line, which describes the cause of the event in the process. Event text lines normally consist of a time stamp, object identification, a signal text and a text indicating the status.

The purpose of the event list is to provide the user with information about events occurring in the entire power system. Thus the user can make the right decisions and verify that measures taken are successfully performed. It also logs information about activities carried out by other users, operations of objects, acknowledging of alarms, editing of limit values, logging in etc in chronological order.

The events will be generated on the update of the related dynamic display objects and will be logged in a chronological order. The events that are logged by the Base system and the database are stored on a mass storage (the hard disk). In other words, the Base system creates files on the hard disk where the events are stored. Every time when an event occurs in the system, the program writes a new item in the HDB (Historical Data Base).

Alarm Management.

The alarm procedure on the occurrence of an alarm will draw the operators attention and ensures that the information is taken into consideration. The alarm procedure includes the visual display of the equipment and cause of the alarm on the alarm row on top of the mimic diagram, an audible one provided by the system and the alarm unit provided will also display the led with regard to the alarm class. d

The various types of alarms that can be generated are :

a. Process Alarms: The process alarms are alarms that are related to the supervised process , for example, measurement values exceeding or going below the pre set alarm limits, breakers tripping or getting into a faulty position etc.

b. Internal Alarms: The internal alarms are alarms caused by the network control system itself. Reasons for these alarms include communication problems between a communication unit and a substation, printer device errors, substation getting suspended, etc. These kinds of erroneous states are detected and converted from internal system messages to alarms.

c. System Alarm: A system alarm is an alarm generated by an external module supervising the Base System. The external module is working as a Watch Dog - for the base system and it will generate an external alarm if the base system stops.

Each alarm is presented as a single alarm text line. This text line consists of time stamp (date and time), object id (station name and bay name), object text and status text (Fig 4.6).dThe default colors and related status texts of the presented alarm types are as follows:

Alarm type

Default color

Status textActive unacknowledged

*Red

Alarm

Active acknowledged

*White

Ack

Inactive unacknowledged

* Green

Normal

The operator can choose between the seven colors available for the text color. For each type of alarm classes (P0, P1, P2 and P3), separate colourings can be provided for active unacknowledged/ active acknowledged/ inactive unacknowledged alarms at later date (if required).

Alarm Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement of a single alarm is done by clicking the line of the desired alarm on the list (Fig 4.9). In the dialog, the alarm text line (except for the status text) is shown to ensure that the right alarm is acknowledged. If OK is clicked, the alarm is acknowledged, the dialog closed, and the alarm list is set to the updating mode and updated. Cancel only closes the dialog and returns the alarm list mode that was valid when the dialog was opened. Help opens the help dialog. All alarms on the list (Fig 4.8) can also be acknowledged at the same time with the Acknowledge All tool, and the alarms currently visible (Fig 4.7) on the list can be acknowledged with the Acknowledge Page tool. This feature enables the operator to acknowledge a whole page or Audible Alarm

Any change in the state of telesignals, uncommanded change in the status of equipments like circuit Braker, interruptors and limit violation of the telemetred parameters (measurands) are processed as alarms. The alarms can be defined to attract the attention of the operator by an audible alarm. The audible alarm is configured for the critical alarms. Upon acknowledgement of the alarm by the operator, the audible alarm will stop.ALARM AND EVENT LIST FILTERING.The operator accessing the event and alarm windows can view the specific information needed using the filtering options available in the windows. The filtering (Fig 4.19) contains the following options:

a. Station Wise

b. Bay Wise

a. Device Wise (Like Breakers, Isolators)

b. Alarm Class wise (Alarm class P0, P1, P2, and P3 etc).

c. Date / Time Wise.

ALLOCATION OF CONTROL RESPONSIBILITY:

The allocation of control responsibility will be as below:

1. Operator: Authority 1. The operator can access the operating functions and relevant control and monitoring possible.

2. Visualization. Authority 0. All the views are accessible but no control is allowed.

3. Maintenance. Authority 2. Access possible for view, control and engineering options.

4. System Administration. Authority 5. All rights possible in this domain which include maintenance, software upgrades etc. The system administrator log on under the manager section. There will be one and only one System Administrator.CONTROL TRANSFERThere are 03 Control Centers in the line-1 of DMRC SCADA :

1. Operation control centre (OCC) at Shastri park

2. ISBT control centre

3. Rithala control centre

The OCC in general has full control over all the stations. When some problem exits at OCC the control is transferred automatically to ISBT which then controls all the stations that come under RC 7A d and RC 7B. If ISBT also has some problem then control is automatically transferred to RITALA station which can control only RC 7B stations. At OCC Manual/Automatic transfer option is given. If manual option is enabled then manually control can be transferred from OCC to ISBT/RITALA and vice versa. If Automatic option is enabled then the control can be transferred only automatically when some problem exits in the existing control station.

VISUAL CONTROL PANEL: dThe visual control panel is provided for overall view of the power distribution system.It consists of three areas: Receiving Sub-station (220 KV)

Traction part (25 KV)

Auxiliary part (33 KV)

Mimic Display of the power supply system

Two types of technology have been used in the operation control centre for the mimic display: LED Blocks : For Line-1 Section

Plasma display (4 plasma monitors each of 51) : for Line-3 section

RSS (RECEIVING SUBSTATION)

RSS recives 220 kV three phase supply from BSES through two cables.it is a main supply of DMRC.It is further divided into TSS and ASS.TSS (TRACTION SUB STATION) 220 kV at RSS is stepdown to 25Kv 1phase, through sigle phase traction transformer of ABB. this 25 kV is feed to the the transformers at TSS.TSS feed to the catenory of OHE.

ASS (AUXILLARY SUBSTATION)

220 KV at RSS is stepdown to 33Kv three phase to feed at different ASS connected through33kv cable.this is used for station.AMS( AUXILLARY MAIN SUB TATION)

33Kv voltage being stepped down tp 415 volts three phase at AMS.UPS SYSTEM

UPS is provided in the operation control centre for the uninterrupted supply to servers, work-stations, printers, communication cubicle and mimic panel.

The Specifications of the system is as follows:Make/Model

:

HIREL I4 UPS

Number of UPS:

2 Nos UPS in main/standby configuration

Capacity

:

20 KVA

Input Mains

:

3 faze 415 V AC, 50 HZ

Alternate Input:

1 phase 230 V AC

Rectifier output:

408 V DC float, 423 V DC Boost

Battery Bank

:

2 Battery Banks, 287 cells of capacity 356AHMain page of the synoptic window at occ server is shown below:

It shows line 1

If we want to see the status of equipments at the stations of line 1, click on line 1

And so on

When we click on line 1, will get a table like this, in this table all the stations of line 1 are present. If we click on any of these stations we can see the signal line diagram of that station. Suppose if we click on ISBT RSS (receiving substation), will get a signal line diagram of thatFOR LINE1

This for the line 3 stations.suppose, if we click at SS (SUB SECTIONING) KB, will get a signal diagram of Karol bagh, in this we can also see the signal line diagram of RSS(receiving substation at SUBHASH NAGAR,DWARKA AND IP),TSS(traction substation)etc.

FOR LINE 3

SIGNAL LINE DIAGRAM OF KAROL BAGH

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

COMMUNICATION NETWORK OF THE SYSTEM

THE RP570 PROTOCOL

RP570 communication protocol is implemented to interface ABB RTUs to the Operation Control Centre (OCC) computers and Subhash Nagar and Dwarka control centre computers. The PLC/RTU communicates with the ECC (OCC) via a serial communication link using the RP 570 protocol. RP 570 is a high level communication Protocol based on the low level protocol with the Communication front end of the OCC as the master and the PLC/RTUs as slaves. The OCC sends a message to the RTU through the communication front end and the PLC/RTU answers. The RP 570 protocol operates in half duplex mode. This means that only one message is transmitted at a time from the master or slave or vice-versa. This is independent of the communication line configuration. The communication line can be configured half duplex or full duplex mode. Baud Rate : 9600 bits per second COMMUNICATION PHILOSOPHY All the RTUs shall communicate to the Control Centre on RP570 protocol based on IEC 60870-5 over fibre optic There are 03 control centres thereby a need of 03 communication circuits. As already explained RTU is having 03 Communication ports. Port A is used for OCC(Main) Port B is used for Subhash Nagar control centre(Secondary) Port NFK is used for Dwarka control centre. Now, The problem is to transmit the data to telecom room having the OFC ie Optical Fibre Communication link facility. Generally, the distance between Sub-station room and telecom room(having OFC link) is about 0.5 KM .But the RS232 signal is having the distance limitation of 100m. So RS232/485 convertors are used in the RTU, which converts RS232 signal to RS485. Total 03 nos. of interface convertors are used one for each of the control centre. For RS 485 the cable can be up to 1200 meters (4000 feet) long. Copper cable is used between the RTU (Substation room) and telecom room. Further the data is transmitted over fibre optic media. This data is taken from the telecom room of the control centre through RS232/485 convertors. RS232 output of the convertor is terminated in to multi port controller of the server. Total 08 communication circuit lines are provided for each of the control centre. Normally 05 to 08 stations are multidropped in one communication line. For ex :sub-stations from BRK to KB are multidropped in the communication line named as line 1, sub-stations from RN to TN are multidropped in the communication line named as line 3, etc.COMMUNUCATION SCHEME

COMMUNICATION FLOW CHART

RTU (REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT)The brains of a SCADA system are performed by the Remote Terminal Units (sometimes referred to as the RTU).IT is the most important part of the SCADA,RTUS are located at every station, through RTU we can see the status of the field equipment or we can send the control signal t themThe RTU consists of cabinets, main CPU, I/O modules, relays and terminal blocks. It collects data from the power supply equipments such as circuit breaker, transformer, protection relay etc. and transmits the same through the communication unit to the base system.

RTU cabinets will be used depending on the number of I /Os at different stations. The number of DI modules of the cabinets will vary according to I/O signal to be cabledRTU cabinets are floor mounting and individual components of the RTUs are interchangable between RTUs at different sitesRTU cabinets are manufatured with the following design features:

Material: Metallic, sheet metal constructionPlacing: On the ground (floor-mounting)Cable inputs: From the floor of the cabinetAccess: Frontal and rear

Inside/Outside color: Standard (RAL 7032)

The HARDWARE modules for RTU used in the DMRC are as follows.

Central Control Unit

23ZG21

Power supply Unit

23NG20

Basic Module Rack

23ET22

Extension Rack

23ET23

Digital Input Module

23BE21

Digital Output Module23BA20

Analog Input Module 23AE21

RTU cabinets with cards

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The Central Control Unit 23ZG21 is the 32 bit CPU board of the RTU. The essential tasks of 23ZG21 are :

Managing and controlling of the I/O boards of the RTU peripheral bus.

Reading process events from the input boards.

Writing commands to the output boards.

Serial communication with central systems

Managing the time base for the RTU station and synchronizing the I/o boards and sub-systems.

Handling the dialogue with the utilities RTUtil or PTS installed on a PC. Running the LAF (Local Automation Function) user application progarm

The 23ZG21 board has two processors.

1. MPU Main Processing Unit (NS 486 SFX @ 25 MHz Incorporating Intel 486)

2. PBP Peripheral Bus Processor (Micro controller 8752)

The two microprocessors are the essential hardware parts of the board, which share themselves in the tasks.

The PBP is the master of the peripheral bus. It handles the bus traffic or the parallel and serial buses. It reads process events from the input boards, writes commands to the output boards and does a permanent check of configuration. The PBP handles the time base for the I/O boards and synchronises them periodically.

The MPU is responsible for the other tasks. The MPU handles the absolute time and date for the station. The central control unit stores configuration files power fail save in Flash-memory device. That allows the RTU to have valid configuration data after power on and the station will be available again after a short initialisation.POWER SUPPLY UNIT 23NG20

The power supply unit 23NG20 generates the two supply voltages (5V DC and 24 V DC) for the RTU boards. The output power is sufficient to supply a RTU sub rack with typical configurations.

The input voltage can be between 24 V DC and 60 V DC, so that only one version is necessary for all typical DC supplies. For the DMRC project, the input voltage will be set as 48 V DC.

Two light emitting diodes for displaying output voltages U1 and U2

Power on/off switch on the front panel.

DIGITAL INPUT MODULE 23BE21

This card is used to collect the status of the sub-station equipments e.g. close/open status, SF6 gas status, Local/Remote status, Protection relay status etc.The binary input board 23BE21 is used for the isolated input of up to 16 binary process signals. Scanning and processing of the inputs are executed with the high time resolution of 1 Ms. The board allows process signal voltages from 24 to 60V DC. LEDs are organised in two columns on the front plate, The LED follows directly the input..d

16 binary inputs

pulse counters only one type of module for all digital input signal types

single and double indication

digital measurand

Inputs potentially isolated Input voltage + 24 ..... + 60 V DC 16 LED's indicating the input states

DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE 23BA20

This card is used to execute close/open command to the circuit breakers,isolators etc.The binary output board 23BA20 can be used for the potentially isolated output of up to 16 binary signals to the process. The assignment of an output to a number of processing functions can be freely undertaken within the scope of the configuration rules. The 23BA20 can be used for the following types of signal.

Object commands with 1 or 2 pole output without (1 out of n) check

Set point messages

General output messages.

The 16 outputs are combined into two groups. Each 8 outputs have a common return. The groups are potentially isolated from one another as well as from other logic.ST : common malfunction information of the board

PST : command output fault condition display the monitoring system responds

CO : Command output display during output time.

ANALOG INPUT MODULE 23AE21

This card is used to measure analog values such as voltage, current, frequency etc.Generally a Transducer is provided which takes the input from CT or PT and gives the output to analog input card in to analog data form e.g. 4-20 ma.The 23AE21 board records up to eight analog measured values. The 23AE21 board allows it to connect all typical measured value ranges as per the output of transducer

It can be configured for the

Following measured ranges by

Simple switches and jumpers.

Ranges are: V 2 mA

V 5 mA

V 10 mA

V 20 mA

V 40 mA

V 2 V DC

V 0 to +20 V DC

Unipolar or bipolar values resolves the 23 AE21 into 4096 steps (12 bit plus sign) for the 100% of the measuring signal. The differential inputs are protected against static and dynamic over voltages by a protection circuit. A low-pass filter suppresses non line frequency as disturbance.An A/D convertor is provided in the card to convert the analog form to digital form

The analog input board 23AE21 can carry out the following processing function on the measured values.

Zero point monitoring

Switch over recognition

Smoothing

Threshold value monitoring on absolute value or with accumulation and periodic background transmission

Limit value monitoring with event recording

Telesignals taken from 25KV Feeder :

Close/Open Status

Local/Remote Status

SF6 gas pressure status

110 V DC Fail

Impedance Relay Zone-1 protection

Impedance Relay Zone-2 protection

Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection

Time-delayed Over-current protection

Trip circuit relay status

Remote monitoring of the close/open status is doubled i.e.

Bit1

Bit2

Status

1

0

Close

0

1

Open

0

0

Intermediate

1

1

Faulty

For rest of the status, remote monitoring is single bit i.e. either 0 or 1

Tele-commands

Close/open Command

Tap low/Raise command

SCADA Permissive command

Concept of SCADA Permissive command: There are two modes of control locally from the control panel of CB and remotely from OCC i.e. through SCADA.This command is initiated by the operator on the request of the field staff to operate the circuit breaker locally. In the absence of SCADA permissive command, CB can not be operated locally.

Tele-measurands taken from RSS:

220 KV incoming voltage of 03 phases

220 KV incomer current of 03 phases

Power factor of each feeder

Frequency

Maximum demand (KVA)

Maximum Demand (KW)

MVARH (Exp)

MVARH (Imp)

MWH (Exp)

MWH (Imp)

Apparent Energy (MVAH)

PLC FUNCTIONALITIES IN RTU A BRIEF DESCRIPTION

The Local Automation Function (LAF) is the powerful tool used in the SPIDER RTU for the implementation of PLC functionalities. The logics can be prepared through LAF program so that RTU can take the decisions independently. The action taken by PLC is faster and reliable

The LAF program is a PLC program and is stored on EE devices. LAF programs can be loaded by the PTS utility from a personal computer or a lap top. The LAF program is read out of the EE-devices at start up and translated from pseudo-code into runtime code. The LAF runtime program is stored in RAM devices.

What does a PLC program do?

In a master - slave system, PLC which is acting as a slave works as an independent device

In case of combinational logic, it is easy to implement in PLC logic

Action taken by PLC is faster

It works even the master goes down / communication breaks

Applications of PLC in DMRC project: Automatic opening of Paralleling Interruptors

There is a PLC program implemented in DMRC SSP and SP posts. When the OHE 25 KV supply of UP and DN line fails, Parallelling interrupter opens automatically within a predefined time.This program has been loaded in the RTU itself, so action taken by it is faster.

Auto Changeover of LT breakers

At ASS, there are two 415 V feeders to maintain the consistency of auxiliary 415 V supply. A PLC program is loaded in the every RTU which performs the following tasks:1. If feeder-1 supply fails,LVCB1 trips on under-voltage. Then PLC shall execute a close command to the LVCCB after a predefined time of 2 seconds. Similar is the case with feeder-2

2. On restoration of the feeder supply, PLC shall execute a trip command to the LVCCB.After opening of LVCCB; PLC shall execute the close command to the LVCB1 after a predefined time of 05 seconds.

IN scada software, there is a process object in which we assign equip quipment identification, station number, block number, bit number for DI card to link the picture with the field.

For DO card, we give only station number and block number

CONTROL CENTRESMain Control CentreBackup Control CentreTermination Of Telecom Channels from Scada RTUsVDU (Visual Display Unit)Remarks

L-1Shastri Park1) KG RSS for complete L1

2) RI RSS for R3 sectionAt both centres :-

1)Shastri Park &

2) KG RSSMimic BoardABB MicroSCADA 8.4 application

L-2Shastri ParkN Delhi RSS

(Through remote desktop)At

1) only Main Control

Centre at Shastri Park

2)ND RSS on ethernet link from Shastri ParkMimic BoardEliop Sherpa SCADA

L-3Shastri Park1)Subhash Nagar RSS

2) Dwarka RSS

3) IP RSS (only IP RSS)At all the centres :-

1) Shastri Park

2) SN RSS

3) Dwarka RSSPlasma Screens

(4 nos)ABB MicroSCADA 9.2

emergency trp system

ETS boxes will be placed at the following locations along the whole metro corridor line except Khyber Pass Depot:

Close to the cross passages in each tunnel

Ends of platforms

Station Control Room (SCR)

New Delhi RSS

Each ETS station box will be cabled to the nearest PLC/RTU. It means that each button on the ETS station will be a DI signal for the PLC/RTU. The decisions of the breakers to be tripped will be taken by the SCADA software centrally. This solution provides the quickest mechanism to transmit commands to a certain number of breakers simultaneously via different PLC/RTUsAs per revised OCS sectioning arrangement, up and down lines have been divided into 7 sections. Upon activation of the button in AN ETS box, SCADA shall proceed through a predetermined programme of operation of circuit breakers and interrupters to de-enegize the following OCS sections:

The OCS section where the ETS plunger is activated

One section behind in the direction of train travel (in some cases).

Control Centre at OCC

ECC

EMBED Visio.Drawing.6

EMBED Visio.Drawing.6

Fiber Optic Communication Media

Control Centre at

ISBT

RTU at Sub-stations

Rithala

Inderlok

EMBED Visio.Drawing.6

EMBED Visio.Drawing.6

Control Centre at

Rithala

Shahadara

EMBED Visio.Drawing.6

Ethernet Switch

RS232/485 converter

SCADA Server

Event Printer

Report Printer

Printer Server

Electrical to Fiber Interface

EMBED Unknown

RTUs

EMBED Visio.Drawing.6

LVCCB

LVCB2

EMBED PBrush

?

UNKNOWN OR NO-CURRENT VALUE

FAULTY

OPEN

UNDEFINED

CLOSED

?

UNKNOWN OR NO-CURRENT VALUE

FAULTY

OPEN

UNDEFINED

CLOSED

?

UNKNOWN OR NO-CURRENT VALUE

FAULTY

OPEN

UNDEFINED

CLOSED

?

UNKNOWN OR NO-CURRENT VALUE

FAULTY

OPEN

UNDEFINED

CLOSED

T C P L

EMBED PBrush

LVCB1

Feeder 2

Feeder 1

41

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