DKD guruvayur temple at kerala

GURUVAYUR - AS A PILGRIMAGE DESTINATION

Project submitted by

Dinesh.K.D (DKD)

INTRODUCTION

Kerala, a state situated on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India, is one of

the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Named as one of the ten paradises

of the world by the National Geographic Traveler, Kerala is famous especially for its

ecotourism initiatives.[1] Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied

demography, has made Kerala one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.

Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the tourism industry is a major contributor to the state's

economy.

Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a hitherto unknown destination, with most tourism

circuits concentrated around the north of the country. Aggressive marketing campaigns

launched by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation the government agency that

oversees tourism prospects of the state laid the foundation for the growth of the tourism

industry. In the decades that followed, Kerala Tourism was able to transform itself into

one of the niche holiday destinations in India. The tag line Kerala- God's Own Country

was adopted in its tourism promotions and became synonymous with the state. Today,

Kerala Tourism is a global super brand and regarded as one of the destinations with the

highest brand recall. In 2006, Kerala attracted 8.5 million tourists–an increase of

P.G. DEPARTMENT IN TORISM [M T A]


23.68% in foreign tourist arrivals compared to the previous year, thus making it one of

the fastest growing tourism destinations in the world.

Popular attractions in the state include the beaches at Kovalam, Cherai and Varkala;

the hill stations of Munnar, Nelliampathi, Ponmudi and Wayanad; and national parks

and wildlife sanctuaries at Periyar and Eravikulam National Park. The "backwaters"

region an extensive network of interlocking rivers, lakes, and canals that centre on

Alleppey, Kumarakom, and Punnamada—also see heavy tourist traffic. Heritage sites,

such as the Padmanabhapuram Palace, Hill Palace, Mattancherry Palace are also

visited. Cities such as Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) are popular centres

for shopping and traditional theatrical performances.

The state's tourism agenda promotes ecologically sustained tourism, which focuses on

the local culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering and personal growth of the local

population. Efforts are taken to minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the

natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people.

Since its incorporation as a state, Kerala's economy largely operated under welfare-

based democratic socialist principles. This mode of development, though resulted in a

high Human Development Index and standard of living among the people, lead to an

economic stagnation in the 1980s (growth rate of 2.3% annually) This apparent paradox

high human development and low economic development — lead to a large number of

educated unemployed seeking jobs overseas, especially in the Gulf countries. Due to

the large number of expatriates, many travel operators and agencies set shop in the



state to felicitate their travel needs. However, the trends soon reciprocated with the

travel agencies noticing the undermined potential of the state as a tourist destination.

By 1986, tourism had gained an industry status. Kerala Tourism subsequently adopted

the tagline God's Own Country in its advertisement campaigns. Aggressive promotions

in print and electronic media were able to invite a sizable investment in the hospitality

industry. By the early 2000s, tourism had grown into a fully fledged, multi-billion dollar

industry in the state. The state was able to carve a niche place for itself in the world

tourism industry, thus becoming one of the places with the 'highest brand recall'.[6] In

2003, Kerala, a hitherto unknown tourism destination, became the fastest growing

tourism destination in the world.

Today, growing at a rate of 13.31%, Kerala is one of the most visited tourism

destinations in India.

Major attractions

Beaches in Kerala

Varkala beach

Flanked on the western coast by the Arabian Sea, Kerala has a long coastline of

580 km (360.39 miles); all of which is virtually dotted with sandy beaches.

Kovalam beach near Thiruvananthapuram was among the first beaches in Kerala to

attract tourists. Rediscovered by back-packers and tan-seekers in the sixties and



followed by hordes of hippies in the seventies, Kovalam is today the most visited tourist

destination in the state.[9][10][11]

Other popularly visited beaches in the state include those at Alappuzha Beach,Nattika

beach[Thrissur], Vadanappilly beach[Thrissur], Cherai Beach, Kappad, Kovalam, Marari

beach, Fort Kochi and Varkala. The Muzhappilangad Beach beach at Kannur is the only

drive-in beach in India.

Backwaters

Kerala Backwaters

The backwaters in Kerala are a chain of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the

Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast). Kettuvallam (Kerala houseboats) in

the backwaters are one of the prominent tourist attractions in Kerala. Alleppey, known

as the "Venice of the East" has a large network of canals that meander through the

town. The Vallam Kali (the Snake Boat Race) held every year in August is a major

sporting attraction.

The backwater network includes five large lakes (including Ashtamudi Kayal and

Vembanad Kayal) linked by 1500 km of canals, both manmade and natural, fed by 38

rivers, and extending virtually the entire length of Kerala state. The backwaters were

formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the

mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range.



Hill stations

Munnar in Idukki district

Perunthenaruvi waterfalls near Pathanamthitta, Kerala

Eastern Kerala consists of land encroached upon by the Western Ghats; the region thus

includes high mountains, gorges, and deep-cut valleys. The wildest lands are covered

with dense forests, while other regions lie under tea and coffee plantations (established

mainly in the 19th and 20th centuries) or other forms of cultivation. The Western Ghats

rises on average to 1500 m elevation above sea level. Certain peaks may reach to 2500

m. Popular hill stations in the region include Devikulam, Munnar, Nelliyampathi,

Peermade, Ponmudi, Vagamon, Wayanad and Kottanchery Hills.

Wildlife

Flora and fauna of Kerala

Silent Valley National Park in Palakkad is home to the largest population of lion-tailed

Macaque.They are among the World's rarest and most threatened primates

The Konni Elephant Training Centre near Pathanamthitta - Old Training Cage

The Konni Elephant Training Centre near Pathanamthitta - The Soman

The Konni Elephant Training Centre near Pathanamthitta - A view of the premises



Most of Kerala, whose native habitat consists of wet evergreen rainforests at lower

elevations and highland deciduous and semi-evergreen forests in the east, is subject to

a humid tropical climate. However, significant variations in terrain and elevation have

resulted in a land whose biodiversity registers as among the worlds most significant.

Most of Kerala's significantly biodiverse tracts of wilderness lie in the evergreen forests

of its easternmost districts. Kerala also hosts two of the world’s Ramsar Convention-

listed wetlands: Lake Sasthamkotta and the Vembanad-Kol wetlands are noted as being

wetlands of international importance. There are also numerous protected conservation

areas, including 1455.4 km² of the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. In turn, the forests

play host to such major fauna as Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Bengal Tiger

(Panthera tigris tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), and Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus

hylocrius), and Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura).[12] More remote preserves,

including Silent Valley National Park in the Kundali Hills, harbor endangered species

such as Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus), Indian Sloth Bear (Melursus (Ursus)

ursinus ursinus), and Gaur (the so-called "Indian Bison" (Bos gaurus). More common

species include Indian Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Chital (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus

unicolor), Gray Languor, Flying Squirrel, Swamp Lynx (Felis chaus kutas), Boar (Sus

scrofa), a variety of catarrhine Old World monkey species, Gray Wolf (Canis lupus),

Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Many reptiles, such as king cobra,

viper, python, various turtles and crocodiles are to be found in Kerala again,

disproportionately in the east. Kerala's avifauna include endemics like the Sri Lanka

Frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger), Oriental Bay Owl, large frugivores like the

Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) and Indian Grey Hornbill, as well as the more



widespread birds such as Peafowl, Indian Cormorant, Jungle and Hill Myna, Oriental

Darter, Black-hooded Oriole, Greater Racket-tailed and Black Drongoes, bulbul

(Pycnonotidae), species of Kingfisher and Woodpecker, Jungle Fowl, Alexandrine

Parakeet, and assorted ducks and migratory birds. Additionally, freshwater fish such as

kadu (stinging catfish — Heteropneustes fossilis) and brackishwater species such as

Choottachi (orange chromide — Etroplus maculatus; valued as an aquarium specimen)

also are native to Kerala's lakes and waterways.

Festivals

The major festival in Kerala is Onam. Kerala has a number of religious festivals.

Thrissur Pooram and Chettikulangara Bharani are the major temple festivals in Kerala.

The Thrissur Pooram is conducted at the Vadakumnathan temple, Thrissur. The

Chettikulangara Bharani is another major attraction. The festival is conducted at the

Chettikulangara temple near Mavelikkara. The Sivarathri is also an important festival in

Kerala. This festival is mainly celebrated in Aluva Temple and Padanilam Parabrahma

Temple. Padanilam Temple is situated in Alappuzha district of Kerala, about 16 km from

Mavelikkara town. Parumala Perunnal, Manarkadu Perunnal is the major festivals of

Christians. Muslims also have many important festivals.

Radiation Tourism

Karunagappally Taluk Karunagappalli Places of interest in Kollam District is the world's

hottest spot of natural radiation. The radiation is caused by monazite sands which

contain the radioactive element, thorium. The people in the area are exposed to



radiation which is 10 times greater than the worldwide average. Tourist spots that offer

the chance of the Radiation experience are very rare in the world.

Ayurveda

Medical tourism, promoted by traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Siddha

are widely popular in the state, and draws increasing numbers of tourists. A combination

of many factors has led to the increase in popularity of medical tourism: high costs of

healthcare in industrialized nations, ease and affordability of international travel,

improving technology and standards of care.

However, rampant recent growth in this sector has made the government apprehensive.

The government is now considering introduction of a grading system which would grade

hospitals and clinics, thus helping tourists in selecting one for their treatments.

The Padayani - Annual Ritual Performance of Kadammanitta & Thazhoor Bhagavathy

Temple at Vazhamuttom near Pathanamthitta

Kerala's culture is mainly Dravidian in origin, deriving from a greater Tamil-heritage

region known as Tamilakam. Later, Kerala's culture was elaborated on through

centuries of contact with overseas cultures. Native performing arts include koodiyattom,

kathakali from katha ("story") and kali ("play") and its offshoot Kerala natanam, koothu

(akin to stand-up comedy), mohiniaattam ("dance of the enchantress"), thullal,

padayani, and theyyam. Other arts are more religion- and tribal-themed. These include

chavittu nadakom, oppana (originally from Malabar), which combines dance, rhythmic

hand clapping, and ishal vocalisations. However, many of these artforms largely play to



tourists or at youth festivals, and are not as popular among most ordinary Keralites.

These people look to more contemporary art and performance styles, including those

employing mimicry and parody. Additionally, a substantial Malayalam film industry

effectively competes against both Bollywood and Hollywood.

Several ancient ritualised arts are Keralite in origin; these include kalaripayattu (kalari

("place", "threshing floor", or "battlefield") and payattu ("exercise" or "practice")). Among

the world's oldest martial arts, oral tradition attributes kalaripayattu's emergence to

Parasurama. Other ritual arts include theyyam, poorakkali and Kuthiyottam.

Kuthiyottam is a ritualistic symbolic representation of human bali (homicide). Folklore

exponents see this art form, with enchanting well structured choreography and songs,

as one among the rare Adi Dravida folklore traditions still preserved and practiced in

Central Kerala in accordance to the true tradition and environment. Typical to the Adi

Dravida folk dances and songs, the movements and formations of dancers (clad in

white thorthu and banyan) choreographed in Kuthiyottam are quick, peaks at a

particular point and ends abruptly. The traditional songs also start in a stylish slow pace,

then gain momentum and ends abruptly.

Kuthiyotta Kalaris’, run by Kuthiyotta Asans (Teachers or leaders), train the group to

perform the dances and songs. Normally, the training starts about one to two months

before the season. Young boys between 8 to 14 years are taught Kuthiyottam, a ritual

dance in the house amidst a big social gathering before the portrait of the deity. Early in

the morning on Bharani, after the feast and other rituals, the boys whose bodies are

coiled with silver wires, one end of which is tied around his neck and an arecanut fixed



on the tip of a knife held high over his head are taken in procession to the temple with

the accompaniment of beating of drums, music, ornamental umbrellas, and other

classical folk art forms, and richly caparisoned elephants.

All through the way to the temple tender coconut water will be continually poured on his

body. After the circumambulation the boys stands at a position facing the Sreekovil

(Sanctum Sanctorum) and begins to dance. This ceremony ends with dragging the coil

pierced to the skin whereby a few drops of blood come out.

On this day just after midday the residents of the locality bring huge decorated effigies

of Bhima panchalia, Hanuman and extremely beautiful tall chariots in wheeled platforms

and after having darshan the parties take up their respective position in the paddy fields

lying east of the temple.

During the night, the image of Devi will be carried in procession to the effigies stationed

in the paddy fields. On the next day these structures will be taken back. A big bazaar is

also held at Chetikulangara as part of this festival. Kuthiyottam is the main vazipadu of

the Chettikulangara temple, Mavelikkara.

In respect of Fine Arts, the State has an abounding tradition of both ancient and

contemporary art and artists.The traditional Kerala murals are found in ancient temples,

churches and palaces across the State. These paintings, mostly dating back between

the 9th to 12th centuries AD, display a distinct style, and a colour code which is

predominantly ochre and green.



Like the rest of India, religious diversity is very prominent in Kerala. The principal

religions are Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam; Jainism, Judaism, Sikhism, and

Buddhism have smaller followings. The states historic ties with the rest of the world has

resulted in the state having many famous temples, churches, and mosques. The

Paradesi Synagogue in Kochi is the oldest in the Commonwealth of Nations.

Recognizing the potential of tourism in the diversity of religious faiths, related festivals

and structures, the tourism department launched a Pilgrimage tourism project.[15][16]

Major pilgrim tourism attractions include Guruvayur, Sabarimala, Malayatoor, Paradesi

Synagogue, St. Mary's Forane (Martha Mariam) Church Kuravilangad built in 105 A.D,

Attukal Ponkal and Chettikulangara Bharani

Advertising campaigns

Kerala Tourism is noted for its innovative and market-focused ad campaigns. These

campaigns have won the tourism department numerous awards, including the Das

Golden Stadttor Award for Best Commercial, 2006, Pacific Asia Travel Association-

Gold Award for Marketing, 2003 and the Government of India's Best Promotion

Literature, 2004, Best Publishing, 2004 and Best Tourism Film, 2001.

Catchy slogans and innovative designs are considered a trademark of brand Kerala

Tourism. Celebrity promotions are also used to attract more tourists to the state. The

Kerala tourism website is widely visited, and has been the recipient of many awards.

Recently, the tourism department has also engaged in advertising via mobiles, by



setting up a WAP portal, and distributing wallpapers and ringtones related to Kerala

through it.

Threats to the tourism industry With increasing threats posed by global warming and

changing weather patterns, it is feared that much of Kerala's low lying areas might be

susceptible to beach erosions and coastal flooding. The differing monsoon patterns also

suggest possible tropical cyclones in the future.

Awards

The state has won numerous awards for its tourism initiatives. These include:

2005 - Nominated as one among the three finalists at the World Travel and

Tourism Council's ‘Tourism for Tomorrow’ awards in the destination category.[23]

Das Golden Stadttor Award for Best Commercial, 2006

Pacific Asia Travel Association

Grand award for Environment, 2006

Gold award for Ecotourism, 2006

Gold award for Publication, 2006

Gold Award for E-Newsletter, 2005

Honourable Mention for Culture, 2005

Gold Award for Culture, 2004

Gold Award for Ecotourism, 2004

Gold Award for CD-ROM, 2004 and 2003



Gold Award for Marketing, 2003

Grand Award for Heritage, 2002

Kerala, nicknamed as "God's own country", has a reputation of being one of the most

beautiful states in Southern India. Shown here is Munnar, in Kerala.

Pacific Asia Travel Writers Association

International Award for Leisure Tourism, 2000–2001

Government of India

Best Performing Tourism State, 2005

Best Maintained Tourist-friendly Monument, 2005

Best Publishing, 2005

Best Marketed and Promoted State, 2004.

Best Maintained Tourist-friendly Monument, 2004

Best Innovative Tourism Project, 2004

Best Promotion Literature, 2004

Best Publishing, 2004

Best Performing State for 2003, 2001, 2000 and 1999 - Award for Excellence in

Tourism.

Best Practices by a State Government, 2003

Best Eco-tourism Product, 2003

Best Wildlife Sanctuary, 2003

Most Innovative Use of Information Technology, 2003 and 2001



Most Tourist-friendly International Airport, 2002

Most Eco-friendly Destination, 2002

Best Tourism Film, 2001

Outlook Traveler - TAAI

Best State that promoted Travel & Tourism, 2000–2001

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

Award for Best Marketing, 2003

Award for Best Use of IT in Tourism, 2003

Galileo - Express Travel & Tourism

Award for the Best Tourism Board, 2006

Award for the Best State Tourism Board, 2003



Chapter 2

2.1 A BIRD VIEW ON GURUVAYUR

A. History:-

Guruvayur, near thrissur in south kerala, is one of the most popular Hindu pilgrim

centers in India. It has the famous temple dedicated to Loard Krishna. Just as the

Tirumala Venkateshwara has become popular in Andhra Pradesh, so is this Krishna

temple of Guruvayur in kerala. Like Tirumala, Guruvayur temple also rests on the faith

of the devotees, that the Loard fulfils the desires of the devotees.

Known as the ‘Dwaraka of south’, Guruvayur temple has very interesting traditions

around it. The idol of Sri Krishna at Guruvayur is believed to be an ancient one, which

was being worshipped by Brahma himself at Dwaraka. After the pilgrim city of Dwaraka

became submerged in the sea, Sri Krishna decided to leave his mortal body at

prabhasa kshetra in sourashtra for his heavenly abode. According to tradition, it is

believed that Sri Krishna himself gave this idol which was at Dwaraka, to his foremost

disciple and devotee, Uddhava to be installed in a safe place.

As instructed by Sri Krishna, Uddhava sought the help of guru, the preceptor of the

Gods and his disciple Vayu, the God of winds, in finding an equally holy spot for

installing the idol of Krishna. After a long quest for a most suitable site, they entered

Kerala, which had been created by Parasurama. They approached shiva and parvati

who were staying near a beautiful lake of lotus flowers in kerala, called Rudra Tirtha. As

suggested by shiva and parvati and by their blessings, the idol of Krishna was duly



installed at that spot beside the lake. As the site was selected by Guru and Vayu, the

place came to be called ‘GURUVAYUR’. Krishna was lovingly called as

‘Guruvayurappan’ or the Lord of Guruvayur. Shiva and parvati stayed on the opposite

bank of the lake, which came to be called as Mammiyar, where a shiva temple has now

been constructed. It is believed that the original shrine of Krishna at Guruvayur,

according to mythology, was built by Vishwakarma, the celestial architect at the

instance of Guru and vayu.

The famous epic Mahabharata mentions that king parikshit died of a cobra bite due to a

curse; king Janamejaya, son of king parikshit performed a serpent sacrifice (sarpa

yaga), in which thousands of innocent snakes were killed. All these snakes cursed

Janamejaya to suffer from leprosy. The affected king, in grate despair, approached

sage Dattatreya for a remedy, who advised him to worship Sri Krishna at Guruvayur.

Accordingly, Janamejaya stayed at Guruvayur for four months worshipping Lord Krishna

twelve times a day, observing strict austerities and drinking only the water form Rudra

Tirtha. Thus, the janamejaya was cured of his ailments. Thewe is stiory which relates to

a pandyan king who had similar skin ailment and by worshipping Sri Krishna at

Guruvayur, got cured of the disease. It is said that this pandyan king constructed the

original temple for Krishna at Guruvayur. All the historical evidence about the original of

this temple unfortunately, are lost in antiquity.

The main entrance to Sri Krishna temple is on the eastern side known as “Bhooloka

Vaikunta Nada”. The outer enclosure known as “Chuttambalam” has a tall teak wood 34

meter high flag post (Dhwajastsmbhs), fully golg plated on bell metal. There is also a

pillar for lighting lamps(Deepa stambha) 7 meters high, having 13 circular receptacles to



hold the wicks and oil. This ‘Deepa stambha’ is dated 1836 A.D., having been donted by

a devotee from Tiruvananthapuram. When the lamps are lit, it truly provides a gorgeous

spectacle.

Just beyond this is the entrance to the inner enclosure. There are 10 exquisitely carved

pillars on two raised platforms, one on either side of the passage.

The ‘sanctum sanctorum’ (garbhagriha or srikovil) is a square two storeyed structure

which houses the idol of Sri Krishna. This beautiful idol is made out of a special stone is

called ‘Patala anjanam’. It has four arms holding the conch, the discus, the mace and

the lotus flower. Pearl necklaces of fabulous value and sacred tulasi garlands adorn the

deity. The ‘Uthsava murthy’ of Krishna is of a similar golden idol.

As the temple stands today, most parts of it appear to belong to the 17th century. The

ancient portions have disappeared due to renovations and repairs. An inscription

mentions that the western ‘Gopura’ aws built in 1747 A.D. As pandita Narayana Bhatta

wrote the famous Narayaneeyam in 1588A.D. it is reasonable to presume that the

temple must have been in existence at least some time prior to the 16th century. During

the days of the invasion of this area by Tippu Sultan, the idol of Krishna was removed to

Ambalapuzha in Travancore and was worshipped there. After the stormy days were

commemorate this incident of short visit of the deity to Ambalapuzha.

Within the inner enclosure are the subsidiary shrines for Ganapathy, Lord Ayyappan

and Edettendattu Kavil Bhagavathi, also called as Durga.



It is said that the routine worship at the temple of Krishna was prescribed by Adi

Shankara who happened to visit this place. The procedure as laid down by him is still

being followed ti this day. Every day in the early morning at 3 a.m., the temple door

opens for the ‘Nirmalya Darshanam’ to the melodious strains of Nadaswaram and the

continuos chanting of ‘Narayana,Narayana’. This is the first ‘Darshan’ of Krishna in

which the idol is decorated with bare garlands and flowers of the previous day. Then

there is the sacred bath (Abhisheka) for the idol after which the deity is represented as

Bala Gopala or Krishna as a child. The mid worship is called ‘Uchcha Kala Puja’. In the

evening, Krishna is elaborately bedecked, along with the ‘Deeparadhana’ – lighting of

the iol lamos all around the temple. There will be regular processions led by elephants

around the temple. The last worship is in the night and the temple doors close at 10

p.m.

According the present producer, no one can enter the srikovil or touch the idol of

Krishna except the melsanthi, Tanthri, Othikkans and Kizhusantis (priests of different

status). All others should have ‘Darshan’ only from a distance. Male pilgrims and visitors

have to take off shirts and upper garment when they enter the temple.

A number of festivals are celebrated at Krishna temple. The ‘Mandalam’ festival is in

karthika month and lasts for 41 days. In Magha month when the sun is in kumbha,

another festival lasts for 10 days. Sri Krishna janmashtami is a big festival. Onam, Gita

Jayanthi on Margashira Ekadashi, and many others are regularly and elaborately

observed.



The deity of sri Krishna at Guruvayur is well known for its healing power and the

devotees make several offerings to the deity to fulfill their desires. These range feom

simple offer od flowers and Tulasi garlands to expensive and elaborate ‘Udyasthamana

pooja’. A common offering is called “Tulbhara” in which the devotee is weighed on a

huge balancing scale against his choice of items as per his vow, such as jiggery,

bananas, sugar, coconuts, etc., which is then donated to the temple. Most of the

devotees from kerala conduct the ‘Annaprashana’ (the first feeding) of the child at the

temple. Another regular feature of the temple is the conduct of marriages in the

presence of Lord Krishna. Guruvayur still continues to be quite and peaceful from

perfectly in tune with its surroundings. A pilgrimage to Guruvayur is a symphony of

peace.

Guruvayur is called the Lourdes of India, a shrine where if due worship is offered with

faith, the devout are reported to be cured of several ailments. Apart from pilgrims and

visitors quite a number of ailing and maimed visit the shrine for miraculous cure.

Inside the Temple

The Temple of Guruvayur manifests the rules laid down in the ancient treatise on

architecture. Accordingly, it faces eastern direction and has two Gopurams - in its

eastern and western portion. The area between the two Gopurams is covered with tiles

and is known as the Anapanthal. Right in the middle of Anapanthal is Nalambalam, a

squared shaped pillared hall. A sub shrine of Lord Ayappa occupies the portion that lies

south to Nalambalam. Further, northeast of this shrine is the Koothambalam, a place

which hosted the dance performances in olden times. The front side of Nalambalam has



a pillar of light, Deepstambhas. There are a number of light pillars in the temple and

they command special attention from the visitors. For example one of the Deepstambha

rises to a height of 24 feet and has a total of 13 circular receptacles to hold the wicks.

One of the other deepstambha at the temple is in the form of a tree. There is also a

glittering gold covered Dwijastambha or flagpost soaring to a height of 70 feet.

The Sree Kovil or the Sanctum Sanctorum is square in shape and has two stairs and

three rooms inside. The inner room, also known as the Grabh Griha houses the main

deity. The idol represents the traditional form of Lord Vishnu with all his four arms

stretched out and carrying sankh (conch), chakra (wheel), gadha (club) and padmam

(lotus). There are two other idols in the temple made of gold and silver. The one made

of silver is considered much older and is used only during Arattu ( a festival custom) and

few other significant occasion. The walls inside the Sree Kovil is full of mural paintings.

The theme of the painting, undoubtedly, reflects the puaranic legends as well as

Krishna leela. The doors and roofs of Sree Kovil are plated with gold. Infact the bells,

which number an auspicious 101, are also made of silver and plated in gold. Sopanam,

the stairs that lead upto the Sanctum Sanctorum are constructed of stone and

embellished with carvings and designs.

The outer room of Sree Kovil is called Mukhamandapam. Right infront of Sree Kovil is

the square shaped Namaskara Mandapam with a pyramidal roof. The north easter side

of Sree Kovil is occupied by the temple well known as the Manikinar. On the northern

side is a smaller Devi shrine dedicated to 'Edathririthi Kavu'. Oottupura is a place where

daily lunch for devotees is organized.



B. Rituals of Guruvayur temple.

The temple upholds several rigid traditions and customs unlike other Kerala temples

Non Hindus are not allowed even inside the perimeter of temple complex. The

temple guards and police can pull off any-one if found wearing other religious

symbols like Holy cross, Muslim Namaz mark etc. Westerners and whites are

generally regarded as non-Hindus, even if they are converted into Hinduism. Only

certificates endosed by Arya Samaj- Kozhikode, will be accepted as a formal

document of conversion. Dharmic religions like Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism is

considered as part of Hinduism, hence allowed. Sikhs must remove their turbans

and kirpans to enter into temple.

Dress code is extremely rigid inside the temple. Men are not allowed to wear shirt,

baniyan or vests and must remain topless while entering inside the complex. They

have to wear strictly wear Kerala Mundu (only white/saffron) and may free to wear

shawl to cover upper body. Wearing lungis or checked dhothi, mundu in any other

colours are banned inside. Untill recently ladies have to wear sarees, which has

been relaxed recently. The current dress-code allows ladies to wear churidars,

pyjamas and kurthas. However sleeveless or short tops, pants, shorts and denims

are not allowed inside. Covering head is strictly prohibited inside temple for both

gents and ladies. Children below 12 are allowed to wear trousers.

The temple prohibits entry of mobile phones, video cameras, any kind of electronic

device, bags (except ladies small hand-bags and gents purses) etc, which must be

deposited at cloak room. Just before main gate, there is a police check-post where

all devotees have to undergo a pat-down body search procedure. In event of finding



any of above items, they will be turned out of the que, to deposit the items in cloak

room.

Unlike other South Indian temples, there is no special que systems to byepass. All

devotees, sans their ability to pay, has stand in one single large que in the que

complex and go according to que. There are no special darshan tickets or out-of-

way procedures to gain entry without standing in que. The exception to this law is for

senior citizens above 60 and VIPs who have security concerns or protocol laws, who

can byepass the que and gain direct entry to the inner layer.

The temple closes for darshan from 2:00 PM-4:00 PM and from 9:00 PM- 3:00 AM in

morning, where no darshan is allowed. In addition to this, the temple closes for few

breaks as per rituals like 09:00 AM- 10:00 AM and from 12 noon to 1:00 PM. On

Mondays and Fridays, a special rite known as Udayasthamana Pooja is done which

means there will be a break for darshan at every 10 mins due to special nature of

this pooja.

C. Offerings and Poojas

The main offering of Guruvayur is Thulabharam (Scale) where the offerer offers various

items, as per his body weight, by weighing himself in a scale with equivalent amount of

offering in other side of scale. The lord's most favourite item yellow bananas (Kadali

variety), other items like butter, ghee, sugar, Thulsi leaves etc are also offered as per

weight of the offerer. Some rich people offer in terms of gold and coins which are rare.

The second most important offering is performances of Krishnaattam. Krishnaattam is

an exclusive art-form, unique to Guruvayur temple, not performed elsewhere. The art-

form is the precessdor of Kathakali, hence the costumes looks almost similar. 10 stories



of Krishna's life is adopted into this highly Sanskritzed dance-drama. The art-form was

composed by Zamorin Manadeva Varma in 14th century, which later inspired for

composing Kerala's celebrated art-form Kathakali. Krishnaattam is performed daily in

evenings throughout the year except on monsoon month of July. A Prior booking is

needed to perform the art-form in one's name and performances are done in outside the

temple, thus allowing all people to watch the art-form.

Other major offerings to the lord, which will be returned back are Paal Payasam (Milk

Dessert), Bananas, Sugar, Avial (Flatten rice), Sandal balls, Butter and Unniappams.

Morning breakfast, afternoon feast and dinner are free to all devotees and provided to

anyone who assembles at Ottupura (temple dining hall) on first-come-first serve basis.

D. Geography and climate

Thrissur is situated in south western India 10°31′N 76°13′E / 10.52°N 76.21°E / 10.52;

76.21 and is in the central part of Kerala, India. Thrissur is at sea level and spans an

area of about 3032 km². It is bounded on the north by Palakkad district, on the east by

Palakkad district and Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, on the south by Ernakulam

district, and on the west by the Arabian Sea (54 km).

Descending from the heights of the Western Ghats in the east, the land slopes towards

the west forming three distinct natural divisions - the highlands, the plains and the sea

board. The Periyar, the Chalakudy, the Karuvannur, the Kurumali River (main tributary

of the Karuvannur river) and the Ponnani (Bharatha Puzha) are the main river systems

in the district. They take their origin from the mountains on the east, and flow westward



and discharge into the Arabian Sea. There are a number of tributaries also joining these

main rivers. There are waterfalls such as Athirappilly Falls.

The district has a tropical humid climate with an oppressive hot season and plentiful and

seasonal rainfall. Annual rainfall is about 3000 mm. The hot season from March to May

is followed by the South West Monsoon season from June to September. The period

from December to February is the North East Monsoon season. However the rain stops

by the end of December and the rest of the period is generally dry.

E. dress code

Strict dress code exists for devotees who wish to enter the temple. Men are to wear

Mundu around their waist, without any dress covering their chest. But it is allowed to

cover the chest region with a small piece of cloth (Veshthi). Boys are allowed to wear

shorts, but they are also prohibited from wearing a shirt. Girls and women are not

supposed to wear any trouser like dresses or short skirts. Women are expected to wear

Sari and young girls are to wear long skirt and blouses.Presently the dress code for

women have been relaxed with Salwar Kameez/Churidar being allowed.[13] However

most women who are strong believers still visit the temple wearing a Sari or traditional

Kerala dresses. Unlike North India, in Kerala and other South Indian states Hindu

women do not cover their heads in temples. In Kerala covering of head while worshiping

is practised only by Christian and Muslim women. Like all other temples in India,

footwear is strictly prohibited.



F. Festivals of Guruvayur

A number of festivals are celebrated at Krishna temple. The ‘Mandalam’ festival is in

karthika month and lasts for 41 days. In Magha month when the sun is in kumbha,

another festival lasts for 10 days. Sri Krishna janmashtami is a big festival. Onam, Gita

Jayanthi on Margashira Ekadashi, and many others are regularly and elaborately

observed.



Pilgrimage Tourism Development

Pilgrimage, by definition, refers to religious pilgrimage to holy sites, is a reverence for

the purpose of, or in a certain way in order to obtain some kind of divine or supernatural

Yusuke, or to routine or exemptions from certain religious obligations, and move

towards a certain to a journey. Tourism is, by definition that the 'travel' and 'tour', is a for

leisure purposes, or in a certain way in order to obtain some kind of spiritual joy and

sublimation, or to adjust or waive some of their daily work and life of the dry lack, and

move towards a place in a journey.

Now a day the tourism industry is gaining the more popularity in all over the world.

More number of countries gaining more economy from the tourism. Tourism becomes a

part of economy of the country and the local people.

In pilgrimage tourism development steps are

Creating web site of the pilgrimage site.

Giving the brief information about the pilgrimage site in website.

Developing the infrastructure near the pilgrimage destination.

Providing the book and information Pam lets related to the pilgrimage site to the

tourist.

Creating awareness in the tourist mind about the pilgrimage site by showing

some drama videos.

Advertisement in the news paper and in television.



Developing the transportation facility.(car rental, bus, taxies, etc)

Developing the accommodation facility near the pilgrimage site.

Providing the tourist guide facility in the pilgrimage site.

Giving the information about importance of the pilgrimage site to the tourist.

Making the pilgrimage packages.

Developing the tourist information center near the site.

Providing the food facility near the destination to the tourist and devotees.

Develop the shopping complexes near the destination.

Developing the currency exchange near the destination.

Making the Indian pilgrimage destination documentary.

Providing the information in deferent languages.

Showing the different culture dress code, food, specialty of the pilgrimage

destination in the website.

Developing the pilgrimage theme park in the destination.

Giving the more importance on the security of the tourist.

Making the online reservation of accommodation for the devotees and tourist.



Attraction of Guruvayur

Thiruvambadi Krishna Shrine

Thiruvambady Krishna temple is one of the most ancient temples located in the central

and north Kerala. The temple is located nearby Thrissur. The prime deity in this temple

is Lord Krishna. The temple is associated with the famous Throssur Pooram during

April- May every year. The procession from Thiruvambady is the main attraction of

Thrissur Pooram festival. The procession accompanies many elephants and the

procession is very attractive with customs of Kudamattam, an activity in which umbrellas

of different colors is replaced by others in synchronized way.

The temple structure is eye catching and is attractive with architectural beauty.

Thousands visit this temple to offer prayers in a year.

Venkitachalapathy Temple

Venkatachalapathy temple is located nearby the Parthsarathy temple in Guruvayur. The

prime deity in this temple is Venkatavhalapathy, as in Thirupathi. The idol is a form of

Lord Vishnu. People believe that this is a temple in which happiness in life can be

attained by praying to Venkatachalapathy.

The temple attracts many and daily Pujas are offered here. The temple is placed in the

backdrop of lush green scenery.

The unpolluted environment adds the beauty of the temple premises. Devotee has the

chance of placing before the God many offerings in this temple.

Timing - Open 4.30 am - 12.30 pm and 4.30 - 8.30 pm



Mammiyur Mahadevan Temple

Mamiyur Mahadevan temple is located at a close distance of Guruvayurappan temple. It

is believed that the pilgrim tour to Guruvayur will not be complete without offering

prayers at Mammiyur temple. The temple enshrines Lord Shiva and it is believed that

Parvathy is also present inside the sanctorum. The temple is located at a spot where

Lord Shiva is moved after donating his place for Guruvayurappan temple.

There are small shrines of Ganapathy, Vishnu, Ayyappa and Subramanya. The temple

is adorned with mural paintings with the images of Mohini. This is a temple visited by all

devotees visiting the Guruvayurappan temple.


Parthasarathy Temple

This is a famous temple credited with an idol of Parthasarathy, Lord Krishna in the form

of Guiding Arjuana (Partha). It is believed that this idol was installed in this temple by

Adi Shankara. This temple also has a shrine for Adi Shankara.

The temple sanctum is in the form of chariot with wheels and horses. Many devotees

regularly visit to offer prayers and temple ambiance is good for silent prayer and

meditation.

The temple structures are very beautiful and the temple walls are adorned with many

attractive images. A

Venkatachalapathy temple is located nearby to this temple.




Chowalloor Shiva Temple

Renowned as one of the 108 Shivalayas (Abode of Shiva) the Chowalloor Shiva Temple

is in the neighborhood of Guruvayur. The temple location is scenic, calm and cool. The

premier deity is Shiva with a special Shivalinga installed in the sanctum Sanctorum.

There is an image of Thiruvambadi Krishna in a shrine just at the entrance of the Shiva

temple. The surroundings are best places to spend hours together in solitude. Evenings

at this place are attractive and rejuvenating.

Shivaratri is a major festival in this temple. The pilgrims to Guruvayur invariably visit this

Shiva temple as well. The Chowallur Shiva temple is open on all days.

Timings - 4.30-11.15 am, 5-9.15 pm.

Elephant Camp

Elephant Camp in the Punnathur Kotta is the largest elephant sanctuary in India. At

present it has more than 60 elephants. All these elephants are offered to Guruvayur

temple by the devotees of Guruvayurappan. This elephant sanctuary is a specimen

example elephant love and preservation.

This elephant camp has produced many renowned elephants like Guruvayur Kesavan

and Guruvayur Padmanabhan. The elephants are well treated in this camp. These

elephants are used to carry Guruvayur temple idols in the procession known as Shiveli.

The elephants in the elephant camp will participate in an elephant race in the temple to

determine who will carry the Guruvayurappan Idol during the festival. Anayottam

(Elephant Race) attracts thousands of tourists to this place. The Camp is open to public

from 9am to 5pm. Nominal entrance fee is charged.



Institute of Mural Painting

Institute of Mural painting established in 1989 is managed by Guruvayur Devaswom.

This institute was founded by renowned master of mural painting, Shri Mammiyoor

Krishnankutty. The institute is located at the east gate of the Guruvayur temple.

This institute follows a traditional Gurukula system with residential facilities for the

students. It offers many courses for the art loving students. The courses offered include

five year diploma courses in mural painting, aesthetics, sculpture and art. This institute

arranges exhibitions, seminars and training related to the art and culture of Kerala.

Many students from Kerala and other states undergo training here.

Devaswom Museum

Devaswom museum is located very close to Guruvayur temple’s east gate. The

museum has many collections of antiques, temple materials, mural paintings, musical

instruments and other valuable materials. The temple devaswom museum serves as a

place to store valuable offerings in the temple.

Devaswom museum displays the images and remains of famous religious poets like

Melapthur and Poonthanam. Also it showcases adornments used in folk arts like

Krishnanattam and Kathakali. The precious items used to adorn renowned elephants in

Guruvayur are also displayed in this museum. The museum is open to public on all

days.



Facilities

The temple is located about 30 km from Thrissur. The nearest railway station is at

Guruvayur. Only Guruvayur-Chennai Egmore express train from Chennai via

Thiruvananthapuram, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli runs up to this station. However, a

regular passenger train service to Ernakulam via Thrissur is available. The nearest

major railway station with better connectivity is at Thrissur. The nearest airport (75 km)

is Cochin International Airport, at Nedumbassery near Kochi. Guruvayur is well

connected from all major towns of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Various private and state

government-owned bus companies operate regular services to this temple town.

By plane

The nearest airport is Cochin International Airport located at Kochi (87 km).

Alternatively, passengers can use Calicut International Airport located at Kozhikode,

located about 100 kms. A large helipad at Guruvayur, enables helicopter transportation

from Cochin and Kozhikode airport. An aerodrome and heliport is under consideration at

Guruvayur, to cater growing number of pilgrims

By train

Guruvayur town has a small railway station, where only few inter-city passenger and

one inter-state passes. Equally convenient to take the train up from Thrissur which is a

major railway station where almost all trains bound to Kerala stops and then takes a taxi

(approx Rs 300) to Guruvayur.

By bus


http://wikitravel.org/en/Thrissur

http://wikitravel.org/en/Kozhikode

http://wikitravel.org/en/Cochin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochin_International_Airport

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrissur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernakulam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruchirapalli

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai_Egmore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruvayur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrissur


It’s pretty easy to get a bus from near the thrissur railway station (KSRTC Central

station) or private bus from Shakthan Thampuran Bus Stand, to get connections from

other parts of Kerala. A few buses of SETC of Tamil Nadu connect the town with

Coimbatore and Palani.

By car

Guruvayur is connected rest of country with NH 17 (Mumbai-Kochi highway) and

several state highways connect the town to Kozhikode, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Palakkad

etc

Findings

Lack of tourist information center.

Lack of tourist guide at the site.

Lack of proper signboard to shows the root to the traveler.

Lack of travel agency near the destination, who intended to travel to other place.

Lack of transportation facility in the destination.

More ritual rolls and condition, which is difficult to the tourist to fallow them.

Lack of good shopping complexes.

Language problem.



Accommodation facility not good in the destination.

Lack of good/quality food facility.

Lack of toilet facility.

Lack of shopping guide for the tourist.

Lack of destination information center.

Suggestions

As we visited Guruvayur is considering as a popular pilgrimage site in the Kerala. But

still some development will be needed there.

We would like to give some suggestion to the tourism department of Kerala and

Government to improve Guruvayur as a better tourism destination.

Development in the website information.

Lack Advertisement in the media.

Tourist information center should be developing there.

Making the proper signboards in the destination.

Accommodation in Guruvayur does not meet the international standards, Still

accommodation facility develop will happen.

Makes the good transportation facility in destination.

Allocate the tourist guide in the destination.



Temple opening and closing time, pooja rates etc should be mention in the temple.

Parking and toilet facility should be developing.

Developing the travel agencies in the destination.

Good hotels still developing in the destination.

Makes the special facility for the foreign tourist for the darshan.

Still Infrastructure developing takes place.

Lack of awareness about the cultural importance to the tourist.

Conclusion

As per our academic project of MTA V study tour we visited Guruvayur temple (Kerala)

and chose the same as my project. We enjoyed a lot in the trip. I came to know about

Guruvayur history, culture, tradition, temples, and local life style. I also came to know

about its importance and pilgrimage centers role in development of tourism in Kerala.



KERALA TORISM (KSTDC) LOGO



KERALA TOURIST MAP



GURUVAYUR TEMPLE GOD IMAGE

FORNT VIWE OF THE TEMPLE



MAIN ENTERANCE OF THE TEMPLE

LIGHTING IN THE TEMPLE AT THE TIME OF FESTIVAL


DKD guruvayur temple at kerala

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