D.J.Kulkarni ,

Deputy Director, ARAI

Why advanced ITS and

Safety Systems?

�Building Ideal VehiclesVehicles

○Safer &

○ More comfortable

Why Advanced ITS & Safety

Systems? contd.

� Insert Road Accident Deaths graph from

Toyota Presentation

Why Advanced safety systems? contd.

� Road accidents continuously rising all

over the world

� India accounts for 6% of world deaths

though it has just 1% of vehicle though it has just 1% of vehicle

population

� About 90,000 deaths every year in India

due to road accidents

Safe Vehicles

Stages of accidents Roles of 3 elements

� Safe Driving

� Accident avoidance

� Collision prediction

Active

Safety

Human

Vehicle

� Occupant Protection

� Pedestrian Protection

� Occupant rescueHuman

Passive

Safety

Enviro

nmentAccident

Enviro

nment

Vehicle

How do we achieve safety?

�Extensive use of electronic,

information and

communication technologies communication technologies

�To devise solutions to

problems which automobiles

have created- emission and

safety.

� Basic functions of vehicle:

� Traveling

� Stopping &

� Turning

� ITS (Intelligent Transport System)

increases vehicle functionality

Vehicle Functionality

� Increasing vehicle functionality means

�Advancing “Information Service Functions “ that integrates vehicles with telecommunication vehicles with telecommunication systems &

� “Driving Assist Functions” that use communication and sensing technologies to create intelligent vehicles.

Advancement of Information

Service Functions� Information Service Functions add to

basic vehicle functions of traveling, stopping and turning the function of� Connecting the vehicles to the Society at

largelarge

○ by use of communication and

○ sensing technologies

� Since traffic safety cannot be ensured by just by controlling individual vehicles BUT interaction of individual vehicles with the entire traffic

Information Service Functions

� Information Service Functions include

� Car Navigation and

� Telematics

� Vehicle Security� Vehicle Security

� Route Search

� Operator Service

Car Navigation

� Advanced Car Navigation Systems

include

� Road Maps

� Suggestions on routes based on past � Suggestions on routes based on past statistical data and driving histories

� Real time information on traffic congestion, accidents, traffic restrictions, parking , etc.

� Predicting required travel time

Telematics

� Advanced telematics to realize the harmonious coexistence of vehicles and society

� Route guidance to avoid traffic congestion using advanced technologies to predict road traffic conditionsusing advanced technologies to predict road traffic conditions

� On demand entertainment system

� Emergency call Service tying up with Police and Fire Service

� Car security to track vehicle thefts

Driving Assist Functions

Operation assist Judgment

assist

Sense assist

Intelligent VDIM Cruise Pre Crash AFS Front & Intelligent

Parking

System

VDIM Cruise

Control

VSC Radar Cruise Control

Pre Crash AFS Front &

Side

Monitoring

Night View

Blind Corner Monitoring

Driving Assist Functions

Source: Renault

Driving Assist Functions

� Night View

� Intelligent Parking Assist

� Lane keeping Assist

� Pre Crash Safety SystemsPre Crash Safety Systems

� Driver monitoring systems

� Rear Pre Crash safety systems

� Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management

� Radar Cruise Control with all speed tracking function

Night View

� System supports driver’s vision at night

� Near infrared light to display light to display road surface, fallen objects, pedestrians, etc.

� Display on lower part of the windshield

Different views of low beam, main beam andactive night vision with infrared light source.

LOW BEAM

HIGH BEAM

NIGHT

VISION

RANGE

Adaptive Front Lighting System

Full AFS, Application

100 m

• AL: Adverse weather Lighting

function

• BL :Bending Lighting function

• CL :Country road Lighting function

50 m

ML

Motorway Country Town

CL TL TL+BL TL+AL

8 m8 m 8 m8 m 8 m8 m 8 m8 m 8 m8 m

• CL :Country road Lighting function

• ML:Motorway Lighting function

• TL :Town Lighting function

• others (e.g. DRL) may be incorporated

Night vision using Infra Red camera

Pedestrian

Scene of a night

ride without night

vision system

Scene of a night ride

with night vision

system, which projects

the recorded pictureonto the windscreen

Intelligent Parking Assist

� Ultrasonic sensors used to detect parking space

� Driver can park the car without any steering operation, just using brakessteering operation, just using brakes

Lane keeping Assist Function

� Lane deviation Alarm

� Alerts driver with a buzzer and display

� Applies a small counter steering force to keep it in lanekeep it in lane

Lane keeping assist function contd.

� Lane keeping assist

� Constantly applies a small counter steering force to help vehicle stay in the middle of the road

Pre Crash Safety

� High performance radar at the front to detect

vehicles and obstacles

� Stereo Camera capturing 3 dimensionally

objects’ positions and distance from the objects’ positions and distance from the

vehicle

� Near infrared

projector rays to

detect objects at

night

Pre Crash Safety

Stereo CameraDriver Monitoring

Camera

Collision Determination ECU

Pre Crash Brake

Pre

Crash

Seat

System Configuration

Millimeter wave Radar

Near- Infrared Ray Projection with Lamp

Steering Control

Suspension Control

Seat

Belt

Driver Monitoring system

Detection of Facial Width

Detection of Position Facial Features

Computation of Facial Center

Computation of degree of Direction in which Driver’s face is looking based on Detection of Left side & Right side of the face.

� Camera mounted on steering column & image processing

computer is used to detect the directions of driver’s face.

� If the system detects that the driver is not facing forward

when there is possibility of a collision, it will warn the driver

more rapidly than if the driver was facing forward.

Driver Monitoring system

� Warns the driver with Buzzer & Warning Light.

� If driver still does not react, then driver is

physically warned through application of pre

crash brakes.

Rear Pre Crash Safety

� Radar in the rear bumper

detects

� Hazard warning flash if

system determines possibility

of collision.of collision.

� If system determines further

possibility of collision,

automatic activation of front

seat pre crash intelligent head

rest shifted to appropriate

position to reduce whiplash

injuries.

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management ( VDIM )Evolution of VDIM :

1971

1987

1995

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management ( VDIM )

� Ideal Vehicle Dynamics

� High level of active safety through integrated

control of various vehicle functions, like engine,

Advanced system achieving,

control of various vehicle functions, like engine,

brakes & steering, which used to be controlled

separately.

� VDIM integrates all the functions

� Aims to deliver total safety without sacrifying the

joy of Driving by maximising wheel performance

in normal & extreme conditions

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management ( VDIM )

Smooth & Seamless

� VSC : Applies large force after vehicle becomes unstable

� VDIM : Control begins before the vehicle loses stability.

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management ( VDIM )

Vehicle without Stability Control Vehicle with Stability Control ( VSC )

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management

( VDIM ) Contd.

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management ( VDIM )

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management

( VDIM ) Contd.

VSC Control

VDIM : Control begins before the vehicle loses stability

VDIM

ControlVSC : Applies large force after vehicle becomes unstable

Vehicle Dynamics Integrated

Management

( VDIM ) Contd.

Steering Angle Sensor

Brake Pedal Stroke Sensor

Braking Hydraulic Pressure Sensor

ECB Actuator

ECB ECU

VGRS Actuator

Steering Torque Sensor

EPS ActuatorEngine ECU

EPS ECU

Yaw Rate Acceleration Sensor

Wheel Speed Sensor

Sensor

Radar Cruise Control with All Speed Tracking Function

Radar Cruise Control with All Speed

Tracking Function

Cruise ControlCruise Control Tracking Mode Tracking Mode Stop

Passive Safety Systems

Steering Wheels & Driver Airbag

Seatbelt

Electronics

Airbag

Active Restraint System

Active Control Retractor

Advantages of ACR

Contribute to driver stabilization.

Take seat belt slack according with driving conditions (sensing through VSC & ABS).(sensing through VSC & ABS).

Improve Occupant position, before collision and roll over.

Reversible pre-tensioning.

Rollover Protection Enhancement

ECUInflator

Roll-Over/Canopy

Ejection mitigated for all roll scenarios.

Head strike through mitigated during extended (7 seconds) roll.

� With information technologies vehicles

become more and more intelligent.

� Vehicle designers’ challenge

� How not to do over-controlling the vehicle � How not to do over-controlling the vehicle which will eliminate the thrill and fun of driving

THANK YOU……….