Vysok kola ekonomick v Praze

Fakulta podnikohospodsk

Obor: Podnikov ekonomika a management

Specializace: Management

Doktorsk disertan prce:

zen lidskch zdroj v malch a

stednch podnicch

Vypracovala: Ing. Lucie Vclavkov

Vedouc disertan prce: prof. Ing. Zuzana Dvokov, CSc.

Praha, 2009

Prohlen

Prohlauji, e disertan prci na tma zen lidskch zdroj

v malch a stednch podnicch jsem vypracovala samostatn.

Pouitou literaturu a podkladov materily uvdm v piloenm

seznamu literatury.

V Praze, dne 28. srpna 2009

Podkovn

M podkovn pat vedouc m doktorsk disertan prce

prof. Ing. Zuzan Dvokov, CSc. za jej vstcn pstup

a cenn rady.

Dle musm podkovat mmu manelovi,

bez jeho podpory bych prci nikdy nedokonila.

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Osnova

1 vod .......................................................................................................................8

1.1 Formulace vdeckho problmu.....................................................................9

1.2 Cle disertan prce .....................................................................................11

1.3 Pouit metody .............................................................................................12

1.4 Struktura disertan prce .............................................................................13

2 Charakteristika malch a stednch podnik ........................................................15

2.1 Vymezen malch a stednch podnik ........................................................15

2.1.1 Kvalitativn vymezen...............................................................................16

2.1.2 Kvantitativn vymezen ............................................................................17

2.1.2.1 Vymezen MSP v USA ......................................................................17

2.1.2.2 Vymezen MSP v Evropsk unii ........................................................18

2.1.2.3 Vymezen MSP v R.........................................................................20

2.2 Postaven malch a stednch podnik v ekonomice....................................22

2.2.1 Situace v zemch OECD a EU..................................................................22

2.2.2 Situace v R .............................................................................................25

2.3 Vznam malch a stednch podnik ...........................................................30

2.3.1 Spoleensk a politick vznam ..............................................................30

2.3.2 Konkurenn a nabdkov funkce .............................................................31

2.3.3 Strukturln a konjunkturln funkce........................................................32

2.3.4 Zamstnavatelsk funkce..........................................................................32

2.3.5 Rstov a inovan funkce........................................................................33

2.4 Mal a stedn podniky versus velk podniky ..............................................33

2.5 Faktory spchu a piny nespchu malch a stednch podnik .............35

2.5.1 Faktory spchu malch a stednch podnik ..........................................35

2.5.2 Problmy malch a stednch podnik .....................................................38

2.5.3 Piny nespchu malch a stednch podnik .......................................40

2.6 Shrnut ..........................................................................................................42

3 Lidsk zdroje v malch a stednch podnicch .....................................................43

3.1 Podnikatel ...................................................................................................43

3.1.1 Vymezen podnikatele a rozen podnikatelsk aktivity........................43

3.1.2 Faktory ovlivujc vstup do podnikn....................................................45

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3.1.3 Osobnostn a dal individuln charakteristiky podnikatele...................48

3.1.4 Podnikatel jako barira rstu i pina nespchu ..................................52

3.2 eny v podnikn ..........................................................................................53

3.2.1 Motivace vstupu do podnikn .................................................................54

3.2.2 Dal specifick rysy podnikatelek ...........................................................55

3.2.3 Problmy podnikatelek.............................................................................58

3.2.4 Cesta k dosaen spchu .........................................................................58

3.3 Pracovnci .....................................................................................................59

3.3.1 Charakteristika pracovnk malch a stednch podnik .........................59

3.3.2 Problmy souvisejc s pracovnky malch a stednch podnik..............61

3.4 Rodinn podnik ............................................................................................62

3.4.1 Vymezen rodinnho podniku a jeho podstata .........................................63

3.4.2 Siln a slab strnky rodinnch podnik ..................................................64

3.4.3 Nstroje k een problm a cesta k spchu rodinnch podnik...........66

3.5 Shrnut ..........................................................................................................67

4 zen lidskch zdroj v malch a stednch podnicch.......................................69

4.1 Vvoj pojet personln prce.......................................................................69

4.2 Vznam zen lidskch zdroj pro mal a stedn podniky.........................73

4.3 Pstupy k zen lidskch zdroj v malch a stednch podnicch ...............75

4.4 Organizace personln prce v malch a stednch podnicch......................78

4.5 Charakteristika vybranch personlnch innost v malch a stednch

podnicch ......................................................................................................82

4.5.1 Strategie a plnovn lidskch zdroj.......................................................83

4.5.2 Vytven a analza pracovnch mst........................................................85

4.5.3 Zskvn, vbr, pijmn a orientace pracovnk .................................86

4.5.4 Vzdlvn pracovnk ............................................................................89

4.5.5 Hodnocen pracovnk..............................................................................92

4.5.6 Odmovn pracovnk ..........................................................................94

4.6 Kvalita pracovnho ivota v malch a stednch podnicch..........................96

4.7 Flexibilita prce v malch a stednch podnicch .........................................99

4.8 Shrnut ........................................................................................................102

5 Empirick vzkum .............................................................................................103

5.1 Metodologie empirickho vzkumu...........................................................103

5.1.1 Pedmt a cle vzkumu .........................................................................103

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5.1.2 Predikativn model..................................................................................104

5.1.3 Stanoven hypotz ..................................................................................105

5.1.4 Vymezen pojm a ukazatel .................................................................107

5.1.5 Pouit techniky primrnho vzkumu (zjiovn dat) .........................108

5.1.5.1 Dotaznkov eten..........................................................................109

5.1.5.2 Ppadov studie...............................................................................114

5.2 Vsledky dotaznkovho eten.................................................................116

5.2.1 Charakteristika respondent ...................................................................116

5.2.2 Organizace personln prce v podniku..................................................120

5.2.2.1 Personln tvar/funkce personalisty ...............................................120

5.2.2.2 Zabezpeen jednotlivch personlnch innost .............................122

5.2.3 Charakteristika vybranch personlnch innost...................................124

5.2.3.1 Vytven strategie zen lidskch zdroj .......................................124

5.2.3.2 Vytven popis pracovnch mst ...................................................125

5.2.3.3 Zskvn pracovnk .......................................................................126

5.2.3.4 Vbr pracovnk.............................................................................128

5.2.3.5 Hodnocen pracovnk .....................................................................130

5.2.3.6 Vzdlvn pracovnk ....................................................................133

5.2.3.7 Odmovn pracovnk ..................................................................135

5.2.3.8 Zamstnaneck vhody....................................................................137

5.2.3.9 Ostatn stimulan prostedky ..........................................................138

5.2.4 Flexibiln formy prce ...........................................................................