Divisions of the Nervous System. 2 Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic NS “Arouses”...

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Divisions of the Nervous System

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Page 1: Divisions of the Nervous System. 2 Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic NS “Arouses” (fight-or-flight) Parasympathetic NS “Calms” (rest and digest)

Divisions of the Nervous System

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Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic NS “Arouses”

(fight-or-flight)

Parasympathetic NS “Calms”

(rest and digest)

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The Endocrine System!

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The Endocrine System

Endocrine System is the body’s “slow”

chemical communication

system. Communication is

carried out by hormones

synthesized by a set of glands.

NeurotransmittersHormones

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The Endocrine System

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How Hormones Affect Your BehaviorGrowth of bodily structures such as

muscles and bones, differences between males and females

MetabolismEnergy levelsPreparing the body for stressful situationsMood

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The Endocrine GlandsPituitary Gland

“Master Gland”Located near the midbrain Controlled by the hypothalamusSecretes hormones which control the output

of hormones by other endocrine glandsMonitors hormone levels to prevent

imbalances

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The Endocrine GlandsThyroid Gland

Located in the neckSecretes thyroxine

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Thyroid Gland AbnormalitiesHypothyroidism: too little thyroxineHyperthyroidism: too much thyroxine Thyroid CancerGoiter

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The Endocrine GlandsThymus Gland

Involved in immunityAdrenal Glands

Become active when a person is angry or frightenedNorepinephrineEpinephrine

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The Endocrine GlandsPancreas

Regulates sugar metabolism and makes insulin

Diabetes caused by too much insulin or too little insulin

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The Endocrine GlandsSex Glands

Ovaries (estrogen/progesterone)Testes (testosterone)

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Hormones v. NeurotransmittersWhen a chemical is released as a

neurotransmitter, it is released right beside the cell that it is to excite or inhibit

When a chemical is used as a hormone, it is released into the blood, which diffuses it throughout the body.Neural messages can be measured in

thousandths of a secondHormones may take minutes to reach their

destination, and weeks or months to have their total effect.

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Scenario 1You suddenly realize that a scary man is

chasing you, trying to harm you. Explain what happens in your body from the moment you see the man until you are finally in a safe place. Use what you know about the neurons, the nervous system, and the endocrine system, using as many vocabulary terms as possible.

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Scenario 2Teresa has just joined the track and field

team at school. Practice begins right after school, and Teresa’s usual habit is to have a big PB&J sandwich as soon as school is over. According to what you know about the autonomic nervous system, should Teresa continue with this habit and eat just before going to practice? Why or why not?

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Scenario 3Zaine’s mother practice yoga, and she

often encourages Zaine to join her. On the day of exams, Zaine usually awakens feeling anxious. By the time he gets to school, his mouth is dry, his hands are sweaty, and he has the sensation that he needs to urinate, although his bladder isn’t full. Zaine’s mom advises him to practice yoga before going to school on those mornings. Given what you know about yoga and the autonomic nervous system, is this good advice? Why or why not.


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