Diversity of Organisms and Classification
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Transcript of Diversity of Organisms and Classification
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Diversity of Organisms
and Classification
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Six Kingdom System
• Archaea• Eubacteria• Protists• Fungi• Animals• Plants
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Archaea & Eubacteria
• Unicellular, microscopic• Prokaryotic- No nucleus
or membrane bound organelles
• Some are Photosynthetic– Autotrophs– Ex. cyanobacteria,
• Saprophytic or parasitic– Heterorophs– Saprophytic: feed on dead
substances– Parasitic: obtain nutrients
from living organisms
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Protists- 2 KindsProtozoa• Unicellular; microscopic• No cell wall• Nucleus present
– Eukaryotic – complex cells• Autotrophic = makes its own food Heterotrophic = must
go get its foodAlgae- the only ones with cell walls, some multicellular; all
photosynthetic
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Fungi
• Eukaryotic• Made up of hyphae- slender threads– Mycelium: a mass of hyphae
• No root, stem and leaf• No chlorophyll– Saprophytic or parasitic
• Reproduce by forming spores• Cell walls made of Chitin
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Animals-heterotrophic, have to move to get their food-Multicellular
• Eukaryotic – complex cells with nucleus and organelles
• Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone:– Invertebrates : without backbone– Vertebrates : with backbone
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Invertebrates• Many different body plans!• No backbone• May or may not have an exoskeleton• Includes sponges, echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks,
worms, as well as several other type organisms
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Invertebrates
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Invertebrates
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Vertebrates• Divided into 5 groups:– Fish– Amphibians– Reptiles– Birds– Mammals
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Fish• Aquatic – fresh and salt water
• Cold-blooded – 2 chambered heart
• Body covered with wet and slimy scales
• Streamlined body to move easily through water
• Fins for balance and to control movement
• Gills for breathing • External fertilization
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Amphibians• Cold-blooded – 3
chambered heart • Moist, scaleless skin• Limbs present– tetrapods
• Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs & skin
• External fertilization• No claws on toes
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Reptiles• Cold-blooded – 3 or
4 chambered heart• Body covered with
dry, hard scales• Live on land• Breathe with lungs• Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs• Claws on toes
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Birds• Warm-blooded – 4
chambered heart• Body covered with
feathers• 2 wings and 2 feet• Beak for feeding• Lungs & air sacs for
breathing• Internal fertilization; lay
shelled eggs• Claws on toes
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Mammals• Warm-blooded – 4
chamber heart• Hair or fur on skin• Females have mammary
glands for producing milk
• Lungs for breathing• Internal fertilization;
embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies
• Give birth to offspring• Claws or nails on toes
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Plants
• Eukaryotic• Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments
(e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis• Autotrophic: makes own food• Cell walls• Multicellular• Reproduce by spores or seeds• Transport by vascular tissue- xylem & phloem
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xylem - located on the innermost ring of the stem/root; it carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
phloem - located on the outermost ring (of vascular tissue) in the stem/root; it carries dissolved proteins, amino acids, sugars and other complex compounds in any direction.
Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles.