Diversity of Central Europaean urban land...
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Diversity of Central Europaean urban land snails Lucie Juřičková 1 , Michal Horsák 2 & Tomáš Čejka 3 1 Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague 2, CZ-128 44 Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 2 Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; 3 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia Habitat type Climate Unadjusted R 2 (%) 10.7 7.8 Adjusted R 2 (%) 8.2** 6.3** Total explained variation, pure effect of urban habitat types, climate and their shared effect on the composition of land snail assemblages in Central European cities. Significances of adjusted R 2 values were tested using permutation tests (999 permutations). Calculations for plants were based on presence-absence data; for snail on log-trasformed abundance data, but results for presence- absence data were almost identical (not shown), ** = P < 0.01. Arion distinctus (0.21) 25 37 48 39 47 40 73 11.8 4.7 8.9 9.1 9.9 6.1 2.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SQU BOUL RES-C RES-O PARK E-SUC M-SUC Number of species alpha diversity gamma diversity Numbers of species per plot (alpha diversity) and total number of species found in particular urban habitats (gamma diversity). For alpha diversity mean and standard deviation is given. The same letters indicate groups of habitats with no significant difference in alpha diversity according to Tukey post-hoc tests, P<0.05 This study was funded by grant IAA601630803 from the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Effect of urban habitats on species composition and diversity of land snails was assessed in 32 large cities of 10 countries in Central Europe. In each city, species composition was recorded in seven 1-ha plots: A total of 87 snails were recorded. Both habitat types and climate had significant effects on species composition with no shared variation between these two predictors. Association of species with particular habitats was determined using the phi coefficient of association. Species are listed by decreasing values of the phi coefficient (in brackets). Only snail species with Φ > 0.2 are shown. WorldClim data set (Hijmans et al., 2005) City park with old deciduous trees (tree cover 20–50%) and frequently mown lawn recently disturbed sites with prevailing bare ground and vegetation cover < 20%, usually in or around construction sites Early-successional site Boulevard with 19th century houses, lines of trees, small lawns, and paved or sealed area < 70% Historical city square usually with pre-19th century houses, and with paved or sealed area > 90% Zonitoides arboreus (0.31) Residential area with compact building pattern consisting of family houses at least 50 years old and privat gardens Alinda biplicata (0.24), Limax maximus (0.22), Cepaea hortensis (0.21) Residential area with open building pattern Deroceras reticulatum (0.22), Cochlicopa lubrica (0.21), Arion distinctus (0.21) consisting of blocks of flats built in the 1960s–1980s, with lawns and scattered trees and shrubs Mid-successional site Succinella oblonga (0.46), Vitrina pellucida (0.45), Monacha cartusiana (0.44), Urticicola umbrosus (0.37), Succinea putris (0.34), Fruticicola fruticum (0.34), Monachoides incarnatus (0.33), Euomphalia strigella (0.28), Cepaea vindobonensis (0.26), Arion lusitanicus (0.24), Helicodonta obvoluta (0.23), Trochulus hispidus (0.23) abandoned for 5–15 years, dominated by perennial grassland with scattered shrubs and trees Arion distinctus (0.21)
Transcript of Diversity of Central Europaean urban land...
Diversity of Central Europaeanurban land snails
Lucie Ju řičková 1, Michal Horsák 2 & Tomáš Čejka3
1Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague 2, CZ-128 44 Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; 3Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
Habitat type ClimateUnadjusted R2 (%) 10.7 7.8Adjusted R2 (%) 8.2** 6.3**
Total explained variation, pure effect of urban habitat types, climate and their shared effect on thecomposition of land snail assemblages in Central European cities. Significances of adjusted R2
values were tested using permutation tests (999 permutations). Calculations for plants were basedon presence-absence data; for snail on log-trasformed abundance data, but results for presence-absence data were almost identical (not shown), ** = P < 0.01.
Arion distinctus(0.21)
25
37
48
39
47
40
73
11.8
4.78.99.19.9
6.12.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
SQU BOUL RES-C RES-O PARK E-SUC M-SUC
Num
ber o
f spe
cies
alpha diversity
gamma diversity
Numbers of species per plot (alpha diversity) and total number of species found in particularurban habitats (gamma diversity). For alpha diversity mean and standard deviation is given. The same letters indicate groups of habitats with no significant difference in alpha diversityaccording to Tukey post-hoc tests, P<0.05
This study was funded by grant IAA601630803 from the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
Effect of urban habitats on species composition and diversity of land snails was assessed in 32 large cities of 10 countries in Central Europe.In each city, species composition was recorded in seven 1-ha plots:
A total of 87 snails were recorded. Both habitat typesand climate had significant effects on species composition with no shared variation between these two predictors.
Association of species with particular habitats was determined using the phi coefficient of association. Species are listed by decreasing values of the phicoefficient (in brackets). Only snail species with Φ > 0.2 are shown.
WorldClim data set (Hijmans et al., 2005)
City park with old deciduous trees (tree cover 20–50%) and frequently mown lawn
recently disturbed sites with prevailing bare ground and vegetation cover < 20%, usually in or around construction sites
Early-suc cessional siteBoul evardwith 19th century houses, lines of trees, small lawns, and paved or sealedarea < 70%
Historical city squ areusually with pre-19th century houses, and with paved or sealed area > 90%
Zonitoides arboreus (0.31)
Residential area with compact building patternconsisting of family houses at least 50 years old and privatgardens
Alinda biplicata (0.24), Limax maximus (0.22), Cepaea hortensis (0.21)
Residential area with open building pattern
Deroceras reticulatum (0.22), Cochlicopalubrica (0.21), Arion distinctus (0.21)
consisting of blocks of flats built in the 1960s–1980s, with lawns and scattered trees and shrubs
Mid-suc cessional site
Succinella oblonga (0.46), Vitrina pellucida (0.45), Monacha cartusiana (0.44), Urticicolaumbrosus (0.37), Succinea putris (0.34), Fruticicola fruticum (0.34), Monachoides incarnatus (0.33), Euomphalia strigella(0.28), Cepaea vindobonensis (0.26), Arion lusitanicus (0.24), Helicodonta obvoluta (0.23), Trochulus hispidus (0.23)
abandoned for 5–15 years, dominated by perennial grassland with scattered shrubs and trees
Arion distinctus(0.21)
