Diversity in Biology
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Transcript of Diversity in Biology
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Diversity in BiologyOrganising Diversity
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Two Main Classification SystemsSix Kingdom System
More traditional, widely usedClassifies organisms into taxa (groups)Classification based on
Morphological and physiological similarities Does not consider evolutionary relationships
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Six Kingdom SystemGroups all living
organisms into six groups:ArchaebacteriaEubacteria
All bacteria used to be in one kingdom called Monera
ProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia
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Two Main Classification SystemsThree Domain System
More recent, not as widely usedClassification based on
Phylogeny evolutionary history of groups of organisms differences in the sequences in the cell's ribosomal
RNAs (rRNA) cell's membrane lipid structure sensitivity to antibiotics.
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3 Domain System
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Three-domain SystemBetter reflects evolutionary history of life
3 Domains of LifeArchaebacteria
are prokaryotes lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
Eubacteria (true bacteria) are prokaryotes (no nuclei)
Eukaryotes Protists, fungi, plants, animals
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A hybrid systemBlend of both
Systems3 domains, with 4
kingdoms within Eukarya
Used in both systematics and Taxonomy.
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The Six Kingdoms and Domains number of Cells energy cell type examples
archaebacteria unicellular
some autotrophic, most chemotrophic
prokaryote "extremophiles"
eubacteria unicellular autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryote bacteria, E. coli
fungae most multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote mushrooms,
yeast
plantae multicellular autotrophic eukaryote trees, grass
animalia multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote humans, insects, worms
protista most unicellular heterotrophic or autotrophic eukaryote
ameba, paramecium, algae
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What kind of organism is it…Sea MonkeyFireflyRingwormJellyfishSpider monkeyCrayfishSea Horse
Photo Credit: Audringje; flickr
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Panthera pardus
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Binomial NomenclatureScientific names must either be underlined or
italicizedThe genus is always capitalized, the species
is lowercaseCan be abbreviated. Ex. P. leo and P. tigris
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What are the scientific names of each of these organisms?
Kingdom Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPhylum Chordata Chordata ChordataClass Mammalia Mammalia AvesOrder Carnivora Carnivora AnseriformesFamily Felidae Felidae AnatidaeGenus Panthera Panthera Anas
Species Leo Tigris acouta
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What is a species?
Defined as organisms that can interbreed with one another, and produce fertile offspring
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When two organisms of different species interbreed, the offspring is called a HYBRIDThese offspring are usually infertile, therefore do not form a new species.
Example: ligers and mules
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SystematicsDichotomous Keys
Used to identify organismsAt each stage, there are only 2 choices!
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1. Has green coloured body ......go to 2
Has purple coloured body ..... go to 4
2. Has 4 legs .....go to 3
Has 8 legs .......... Deerus octagis3. Has a tail ........ Deerus pestis
Does not have a tail ..... Deerus magnus4. Has a pointy hump ...... Deerus humpis
Does not have a pointy hump.....go to 5
5. Has ears .........Deerus purplinis Does not have ears ......Deerus deafus
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Deerus magnus
Deerus pestis Deerus octagis
Deerus puplinis
Deerus deafus Deerus humpus
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Body Colour
GREEN
4 Legs
TailDeerus pestis
No TailDeerus magnus
8 LegsDeerus octagus
PURPLE
Pointy HumpDeerus humpis
No Pointy Hump
Has earsDeerus purplinis
No EarsDeerus deafus
Dichotomous Key