DIVERSIFICATION OF FOOD CONSUMPTION IN SOUTH SUMATERA: AN ANALYSIS BASED-ON

DESIRABLE DIETARY PATTERN( Faharuddin & Andy Mulyana )

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON

CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD

SECURITY (ISCCFS) 2013

PALEMBANG, 25TH OCT 2013

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is still facing problems in food consumption diversity shown by the score of desirable dietary pattern that still very low, 77.5 in 2010 (Kementan, 2012).

One problem is the high reliance on rice consumption. In 2011, rice consumption in Indonesia is still very high, reaching 103 kg/ capita/year while specifically South Sumatra reached 100 kg/capita/year (Pusdatin Kementan, 2012).

This paper aims to analyze the diversification of food consumption in South Sumatera in 2012. Actual conditions of food consumption by food commodity groups compared with the ideal conditions of food consumption based on desirable dietary pattern.

Benefit that can be obtained is identification of the food consumption pattern for evaluation and planning of food diversification program in South Sumatera. Furthermore, by obtaining desirable dietary pattern score, we will know the achievement of food diversification program in South Sumatera province.

METHODSThe data used in this paper are the results of Panel National Socioeconomic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional - Susenas) 2009 and First Quarter Susenas 2012

The method used here is desirable dietary pattern, performed by comparing actual consumption pattern with the ideal consumption pattern and then calculates desirable dietary pattern score (Pola Pangan Harapan - PPH score).

Calculate the energy content (in kilocalory) of each commodity

Classify each commodity into 9 groups of food commodities in desirable dietary pattern sheet and calculate the total actual energy consumption of each food group

Calculate the energy contribution of each food group based Minimum Energy Requirement (Angka Kecukupan Energi - AKE)

Multipliy the energy contribution by the weight of each food group to obtain the score of each food group

Add up the scores of all food groups to get the PPH score

No. Food Groups

National Desirable Dietary Pattern

Gram/dayEnergy

(kcal/day)%AKE Weight

PPH

Score

1. Cereals 275 1000 50 0,5 25,0

2. Roots and Tubers 90 120 6 0,5 2,5

3. Animal Products 140 240 12 2,0 24,0

4. Added Fats and Oils 25 200 10 0,5 5,0

5. Nuts and Oilseeds 10 60 3 0,5 1,0

6. Pulses 35 100 5 2,0 10,0

7. Sugar 30 100 5 0,5 2,5

8. Vegetables and Fruits 230 120 6 5,0 30,0

9. Other 15 60 3 0,0 0,0

Total 2000 100 100,0

Table 1. National Desirable Dietary Pattern

Source: DKP, 2006

Type of Nutrition 2009 2010 2011 2012

Energy

(kcal/capita/day)1,991.76 1,989.11 1,950.08 1,925.99

Protein

(gram/capita/day)53.62 54.67 54.30 52.84

Table 2. Average Energy and Protein Consumption of South

Sumatera, 2009-2012

Source: BPS Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2013.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In 2012, the average energy consumption is lower than the minimum energy requirement (Angka Kecukupan Energi – AKE), while protein consumption is still higher than the corresponding minimum protein requirement (Angka Kecukupan Protein –AKP)

However, quality of consumption tends to decline as the declining trend in the average consumption of energy and protein in the last 3 years.

The above results lead us to the importance of encouraging an increase in the quality of food consumption through increased access and affordability of food, especially for low-income people.

No Food Groups

2009 2012

Energy

(kcal/

capita/

day)

%

AKE

AKE

Sco-re

Max

Sco-re

Diff.

AKE

Sco-re

and

Max

Sco-re

PPH Sco-

re

Energy

(kcal/

capita/

day)

% AKEAKE

Sco-re

Max

Sco-re

Diff.

AKE

Sco-re

and

Max

Sco-re

PPH

Sco-re

1 Cereals 1189.78 59.5 29.7 25.0 4.7 25.0 1147.12 57.4 28.7 25.0 3.7 25.0

2Roots and

Tubers128.41 6.4 3.2 2.5 0.7 2.5 87.83 4.4 2.2 2.5 -0.3 2.2

3Animal

Products147.73 7.4 14.8 24.0 -9.2 14.8 165.30 8.3 16.5 24.0 -7.5 16.5

4Added Fats

and Oils215.10 10.8 5.4 5.0 0.4 5.0 241.25 12.1 6.0 5.0 1.0 5.0

5Nuts and

Oilseeds23.57 1.2 0.6 1.0 -0.4 0.6 12.82 0.6 0.3 1.0 -0.7 0.3

6 Pulses 40.03 2.0 4.0 10.0 -6.0 4.0 40.30 2.0 4.0 10.0 -6.0 4.0

7 Sugar 128.45 6.4 3.2 2.5 0.7 2.5 105.84 5.3 2.6 2.5 0.1 2.5

8Vegetables

and Fruits81.19 4.1 20.3 30.0 -9.7 20.3 88.80 4.4 22.2 30.0 -7.8 22.2

9 Other 37.49 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.72 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 1991.76 99.6 81.2 100 74.7 1925.99 96.3 82.6 100 77.8

Table 3. Desirable Dietary Pattern of South Sumatera Province 2009 and 2012

Source: Calculated from Susenas 2009 and 2012

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The actual dietary pattern of South Sumatra is still far from ideal conditions in which in 2012 the PPH score was 77.8. However, compared to 2009, PPH score increased from 74.7.

Consumption of cereals has a higher proportion of consumption compared to ideal score. In 2012, AKE score of cereals consumption reached 28.7 while the maximum score for cereals consumption only by 25.

Thus, consumption of cereals be continually reduced to achieve the ideal proportion of food consumption. But, reducing rice consumption, is a significant challenge because based on the results of Susenas, we found a relatively small changes in rice consumption from year to year

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The other three food groups namely animal products, vegetables and fruits, and pulses have proportion of consumption is still far below the ideal proportion of food consumption. Animal products has AKE score of 16.5 while ideal maximum score is 24.

AKE scores for fruits and vegetables is 22.2, below the maximum score 30.

The energy consumption for pulses has AKE score of 4.0 also below the maximum score for this group, 10.0.

Paralell with the efforts to reduce consumption of cereals, also should be done efforts to increase consumption of the other three food groups above

As a maritime nation, the consumption of animal products can actually be directed to increase the consumption of fish, but ironically fish consumption tended to decline in Indonesia including in South Sumatera.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Finally, food diversification program indeed not only food problems alone, but in which there is political, economic, health, education, social and even cultural. The change on food consumption pattern is the interaction of various factors, so that food diversification program interventions should be an integrated work of all components related.

CONCLUSSIONS

The quality of food consumption tends to decrease so that we need some efforts to improve the quality of food consumption in particular by increasing the affordability of food for the poor

The level of food consumption diversity in South Sumatra is still low although increases in the last three years

Four food groups has a larger deviation to the ideal score: cereals that have a high consumption and the other three food groups; animal products, vegetables and fruits, and pulses that have low consumption

Improving food consumption diversity in Sumatera Selatan, means reducing cereals consumption and the same time increasing consumption of animal products vegetables and fruits, and pulses. These efforts should be an integrated work of entire community in South Sumatera.

THANK YOU