Pertanika 9(2), 209-217 (1986)

Distribution of Manganese, Iron, Copper, Lead and Zincin Water and Sediment of Kelang Estuary

A.T. LAW and A. SINGH 'Department of Fishing Technology and Marine Science,

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science,Universiti Pertanian Malaysia,

43400 Serdang, Selangor.

Key words: Heavy metals; estuary; Malaysia.

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian tentang taburan mangan, besi, kuprum, plumbum dan zink dalam air danendapan muara Sungai Kelang telah dijalankan pada tahun 1981. Min jumlah kepekatan mangan,besi, kuprum, plumbum dan zink adalah 27.1 fig/1, 106.5 fig/I, 10.0 fig/1, 4.1 fig/I dan 17.9fig/1. Min kepekatan kuprum, plumbum dan zink terlarut dalam air adalah 4.3 fig/1, 1.6 fig/1dan 3.9 fig/1. Kandungan kuprum, plumbum dan zink dalam endapan adalah 1.92, 0.48 dan 5.43bsj endapan basah. Kepekatan logam-logam berat ini dalam air dan endapan muara Sungai Kelangdidapati dalam julat kepekatan yang dilaporkan dalam muara-muara sungai yang lain. Kepekatankuprum dan zink adalah hampir sama dengan kepekatannya yang terdapat dalam air lautan dunia.Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa muara Sungai Kelang telah dicemari oleh plumbum,mangan dan besi tetapi kepekatannya masih dianggap selamat untuk akuakultur sekiranya tapak ituterletak lebih 10 km dari muara sungai (river mouth) ini.

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted on the distribution of manganese, iron, copper, lead and zinc in thewater and sediment of Kelang estuary in 1981. The mean total levels of manganese, iron, copper, leadand zinc in the estuarine water were 27.1 fig/1, 106.5 g/1,'10.0 fig/1, 4.1 \ig/l and 17.9 fig/1respectively. For the dissolved copper, lead and zinc, the values were 4.3 fig/1, 16 fig/1 and 3.9fi.g/l respectively. In the estuarine sediment, the copper, lead and zinc contents were 1.92, 0.48 and5.43 ppm wet sediment respectively. The levels of these heavy metals in water and sediment werecomparable to the values reported for other estuaries. The copper and zinc levels were similar to thosefound in the world oceans. The results indicate that Kelang estuary is polluted with lead, manganeseand iron. However, levels of these heavy metals may still be considered safe for aquaculture, if thefarm is located at least 10 km away from the river mouth.

INTRODUCTION sedimentological characteristics prevalent in theestuarine zone. Estuaries act as traps for nut-

Estuaries are important features of the rients as well as pollutants which have enteredcoastal ecosystem and act as transitional zones into this region. The processes make estuariesbetween fresh and saline waters. The hydro- rich in nutrients and productive, and theydynamic characteristics of an estuary are usually become important nursery grounds for fish andcomplex and unpredictable. This is due to the shellfish. However, the trapping of pollutants,oscillation of salinity, hydrographical and such as heavy metals in this area may cause

1 Present address: Chemfolven Teknologies, 63B, Jalan Negara, Taman Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur.

A.T. LAW AND A. SINGH

hazards to human health if contaminated fish orshellfish harvested from this region are con-sumed. This was evident in the man-madeepidemic of Minamatta disease in Japan whichwas caused by the consumption of mercury con-taminated fish and shellfish (Takizawa, 1979).

Many studies have been conducted on thedistribution and impact of heavy metals on theaquatic resources in estuaries (Portmann, 1972;Wharfe and Van Den Broek, 1977; Bloom andAyling, 1977; Elderfield et al, 1979; Menon etaL, 1979; Meyerson et aL, 1981). However, inMalaysia, no such study has been done except fordome reports on the heavy metals in shellfish(Jothy, 1983; Liong, 1983; Low, 1978) and fish(Chia and Tong, 1981; Babji et al., 1983; Jothy,1983) taken from the coastal waters. Since theKelang River is being heavily polluted with agro-based industrial wastes and domestic sewage(Chan et aL, 1978; Law, 1980), a study wasinitiated at the Faculty of Fisheries and MarineScience, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia to inves-tigate the distribution of some heavy metals,such as manganese, iron, copper, lead, zinc andmercury in the water as well as the sediment, andfish in this estuary. This paper reports the resultsof manganese, iron, copper, lead and zinc levelsin water and sediment. Studies on mercury

distribution and heavy metals in fish will bereported in other papers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area

The Kelang estuary is located on thewatejm coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The riverwhich drains into the estuary has a drainage areaof approximately 1,087 square kilometers(Coleman et aL, 1970). It flows through thehighly populated and industrial areas of KualaLumpur, Petaling Jaya, Kelang and PortKelang. This river lies in the wet tropics wherehigh rainfall is recorded during the monsoonseasons, from April to June and November toFebruary. The atmospheric temperature variesfrom 20°C to 35°C with an average of 27°C.

Six sampling stations (Figure 1) were chosenfor this study. They were the Connaught Bridgestation (CB), Kota Bridge station (KB), StationsIVII? III and IV. Stations CB and KB were in theriverine system. Station I and IV were in theestuary which covered all the pathways of theriver water after entry into the estuary. Thedistance between stations CB and KB was 5.1km. Station I was 16.2 km from station KB,while stations II, III and IV were 4.2, 8.5 and

ft8

ft

1

N

I

Jt PUIAU ^ —

W 1yd/USm

iof)»'E

s85SI.fXMS

N—

I

P'

210

Fig. 1: Map of Kelang River estuary showing the sampling stations.

PERTANIKA VOL. 9 NO. 2, 1986

DISTRIBUTION OF Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN WATER AND SEDIMENT OF KELANG ESTUARY

K9 km* from Station I respectively. The samplingstations were visited six times between April andDecember 1981.

Analytical Techniques

Sampling Techniques

Water. Water samples at each selecteddepth were taken with a 1.7 liter polycarbonateNansen Sampler (Hydrobios, Kiel-Hoi tenanGermany). In order to avoid contamination bythe cable and the weight, the water sampler wassuspended by a polypropylene rope and a plasticcoated lead weight (5 lbs.), attached to thebottom of the sampler. 50 ml of the watersample was first used to rinse the acid-cleaned125 ml polyethylene bottles (Kartell, Italy).Before filling it with water sample, 0.1 ml cone.HNO s(Merck) was added as a preservative.

For dissolved heavy metal analysis, the sus-pended particles were removed by filtration. AGelman filtration unit which had been previous-ly cleaned with 0. IN HCl and distilled deionizedwatjer was used for the filtration. To avoidrupture of the plankton cell walls and theresultant increase, in heavy metal level in thefiltrate, the filtration was done under vaccuriiwith pressure that was less than 20 cm Hg. Themembrane used was an acid washed 0.45 Jim(47 mm) millipore membrane filter.

Sediment. Samples of sediment wereobtained at each station with an Ekman Grabwhich was attached to a polypropylene rope.The sediment sample was taken from the centreof the grab with an acid-cleaned polyethylenespoon. The sample was placed immediately in aplastic bag and cooled in an ice box. Thesamples were brought back to the laboratory andkept at - 20°C prior to analyses.

Collection of Hydrographic Data

Salinity was measured in situ with a Salino-meter (EIL) which was calibrated by ISPSOStandard Seawater.

A double beam Atomic Absorption Spec-trophotometer (IL 251) was used for the analysisof the heavy metals. Manganese, iron, copper,lead and zinc in the water samples and mem-brane filtered water samples were analysedaccording to the concentration technique ofOrpwood (1979) in which the heavy metals werechelated with ammonium pyrrolidinedithio-carbamate (APDC) and diethyl-ammoniumdiethyldithiocarbairiate (DDTC) under acidicconditions and then extracted into 4-methylpen-tan-2-one (MIBK). Copper, lead and zinc con-tents in the sediment were determined accordingto the method of Agemian and Chau (1976).The standard solution for calibration was pre-pared from Titrisol ampoules (Merck).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The salinity data (Appendix I) indicatesthat Stations CB and KB are situated in the freshwater zone of the Kelang River. There was nointrusion of saline water in these stations duringebb tide. Even during flood tide, the salinity atStations CB and KB were only 1 °/oo and 2.9°/oorespectively. The salinity depth profile atStation I is typical for an estuarine situation withpartially mixed waters of lower salinity at thesurface (0 to 10° /oo) with salinity increasing to30°/oo with depth. Salinity depth profiles atStations II, III and IV indicate that the water inthese stations was well mixed.

The levels of heavy metals (manganese,iron, copper, lead and zinc) in water at thesampling stations are shown in Appendix 11, whilethe mean levels at each sampling station are pre-sented in Figure 2. The results indicate a substan-tial reduction of the heavy metals in the estuarinewaters as compared to the levels detected in thefresh water zone stations CB and KB (Figure 2).In the estuarine waters, similar levels of theheavy metals were found at Stations II, III andIV, although higher levels were detected atStation I. The water of Station I was partiallymixed, while the waters of all other estuarine

PERTANIKA VOL. 9 NO. 2, 1986 211

A T . LAW AND A. SINGH

K

•000-

6000-

4000-

JOOfr

}cM

f

400

300

;oo

1DO

A/

\

\\

( A )

\

\

\

N\ />

iMgl

. - . P bO - Q C U

\1\

\ \

60 3

t

Fig. 2: Mean total and dissolved levels ofmanganese, iron, copper, lead and zinc atthe sampling stations.(The scale of X-axis is in proportion to thereal distances in km from Station CB)

stations were well mixed with the sea water. Thetidal current dilution effect of the water ofStation I was less than that in other estuarinestations. Thus, higher levels of heavy metalscould be expected at Station I.

The mean total levels of manganese, iron,copper, lead and zinc in the estuarine waters(average of the mean values of Stations II, IIIand IV) were 27.1 /ig/1, 106.5 ng/l, 10.0jig/1, 4.1 }xg/\ and 17.9 pg/1 respectively

(Appendix II). For dissolved copper, lead andzinc, the overall means were 4.3 Hg/l, 1.6fig/1 and 3.9 fjug/l respectively.

Table 1 shows the comparison of the levelsof copper, lead and zinc in the estuarine watersof this study with other reports for estuaries else-where in the world (Holmes et al, 1974; Montgomery and Santiago, 1978; Waldhauer et al,1978; Thornton et al, 1975). The mean totallevels of copper and zinc were in the range of thelevels detected in other estuaries. However, thetotal level of lead was much lower. The dissolvedlevels of copper, lead and zinc in the Kelangestuary were all lower than the levels reported forother estuaries.

The copper, lead and zinc contents in theKelang riverine and estuarine sediments areshown in Table 2. Heavy metals in the riverinesediments (at CB and KB) were much higherthan that found in the estuarine sediments.Similar to the distribution of heavy metals inwaters, the level of copper, lead and zinc in thesediment of Station I was higher than thatdetected in Stations II, III and IV.

The mean copper, lead and zinc contents inthe estuarine sediments were 1.92 ppm wetsediment, 0.48 ppm wet sediment and 5.43 ppmwet sediment respectively (Table 2). They weremuch lower than that reported for otherestuarine sediments: 13.8 ppm Cu and 23.6 ppmPb in the estuarine sediment near KennedySpace Centre (Menon et al, 1979); 70-320ppm Pb and 65 ppm Zn in Newark Bay estuarinesediment (Meyerson et al, 1981); 9 — 40 ppm Cuand 5 - 2 5 ppm Pb in the sediment of Bay ofNaples (Griggs and Johnson, 1978).

The mean levels of dissolved copper, leadand zinc in the world oceans are 3 /*g/l, 0.03/ig/1 and 5 /ig/1 respectively (Riley andChester, 1971). The water of the Kelang estuaryis therefore 53 times higher in lead and hasalmost the same levels in copper and zinc as thewaters of the world's oceans. The total iron andmanganese levels in the North Atlantic Oceanwas 3.27 ptg/1 and 0.43 /ig/1 respectively(Patin, 1982). The total iron and manganeselevels in the Kelang estuary was 33 times and 63times higher than that of the North AtlanticOcean. These results suggest that Kelang estuaryis polluted with lead, iron and manganese.

212 PERTANIKA VOL. 9 NO. 2, 1986

DISTRIBUTION OF Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb AND Zn IN WATER AND SEDIMENT OF KELANG ESTUARY

TABLE 1Comparison of the mean levels of total and dissolved copper, lead and zinc

in Kelang estuarine water with levels reported in other estuaries

Authors

A. Total level (mean, jig/1)

Holmes et al., 1974

Montgomery and Santiago, 1978

Waldhaueref al., 1978

Present studv

Location

Corpus Christi (estuary)Bay, Texas

Mouth of Rio Guanajibo,Puerto Rico

Western Raritan Bay,New York.Top water

Bottom water

Kelane River estuary

Cu

1.1

36

65

10

Pb

—

11.5

13.9

4.1

Zn

6-480

4.5

—

17.9

B. Dissolved level (mean, jjg/1)

Thornton et al, 1975

Present study

Colnway estuary, U.K.

Colney estuary, U.K.

Helford estuary, U.K.

Poole estuary, U.K.

Restroragnet estuary, U.K.

Kelang River estuary

4

4

11

.6

65

4.3

7

6

15

47

250

1.6

16

29

28

26

570

3.9

Although the levels of lead and iron weremuch higher than that of the waters of theoceans and comparable to the levels reported inother estuaries, they are lower than thethresholds and permissible levels of pollutantconcentration for organisms in inland seas, thatis, lead 10 jug/1; and iron 50 Hg/l (Patin,1982). As far as these heavy metals are con-cerned, the waters of Kelang estuary (at least 10km from the river mouth) may still be consideredsafe for aquaculture.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank theShahbandar, Pelabuhan Kelang for his permis-sion to use the Department's boat for sampling,Dr. Ian G. Anderson for his comments, EncikAzahar Othman for technical assistance andPuan Badariah Mohd. Yusof for typing themanuscript. This project was funded byUniversiti Pertanian Malaysia.

REFERENCES

AGEMIAN, H. and CHAU. A.S.Y. (1976): Evaluation ofextraction techniques for the determination ofmetals in aquatic sediments. Analyst. 101: 761 —767.

BLOOM, H. and AYLING, G.M. (1977): Heavy metalsin the Derwent Estuary. Environ. Geology. 2:3 - 2 2 .

BABJI, A.S., EMBONG, M.S. and AWANG, Z. (1983):Minitoring of heavy metal contents of coastalwater fishes in Peninsular Malaysia. Preprint: AnInternational Conference on Development andManagement of Tropical Living A quaticResources. August 2 - 5 , 1983. UniversitiPertanian Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor.

CHAN, K.C., DURANDEAU, M.M. and GOH, L.Y.(1978): Heavy metals pollution in the KelangRiver, Malaysia. Mai]. Set. 5: 137 - 141.

CHIA, J.S. and TONG. S.L. (1981): Mercury content offish from the river mouth of Sungei Kelang.MARDIRes. Bull 9(1): 72-77.

PERTANIKA VOL. 9 NO. 2, 1986 215

TABLE 2Copper, lead and zinc contents in the sediments of Kelang estuary

Cu ppm * Pb ppm Zn ppm

IIto

o

Sampling date C.B. KB. I II III IV C.B. K.B. I II III IV C.B. K.B. II III IV

29.04.81

29.06.81

02.09.81

22.09.81

11.12.81

24.12.81

- - 2.30 4.20 2.85 3.50

- - 1.35 1.40 0.95 1.30

- 5.70 3.30 1.15 2.75

5.54 8.20 4.32 0.70 0.42 1.85

4.65 3.24 3.20 1.21 0.82 2.41

5.15 3.70 2.65 1.34 0.71 3.61

- — 0.40 0.34 0.40 0.21

- - 0.51 0.33 0.31 0.27

- 0.68 0.55 0.28 0.23

1.75 1.93 0.99 0.73 0.36 0.22

2.82 3.01 1.18 0.84 0.32 0.65

1.95 2.61 1.41 0.92 0.48 1.10

—

-

-

11.50

9.30

6.52

14.

13

8,

30

.00

.21

5.20

10.50

7.00

9.34

6.84

8.72

7 00

14.32

3.42

7.21

3.65

7.77

3.41

4.32

4.17

5.18

3.61

3.20

12

2

3

5

2

4

.20

.71

.21

.14

.61

.65

Mean 5.11 5.05 3.25 2.03 1.15 2.57 2.18 2.52 0.86 0.62 0.36 0.45 9.11 11.84 7.93 7.23 3.98 5.09

'in wet sediment.2Not determined.

DISTRIBUTION OF Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb1 AND Zn IN WATER AND SEDIMENT OF KELANG ESTUARY

COLEMAN, J.M., GAGLIANO, S.M. and SMITH, W.C.(1970): Sedimentation in a Malaysian high tidetropical delta. In: Deltaic sedimentation modernand ancient. Morgan, J.P. and Shaver, R.H.(eds.). Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists Spec. Publi. Tulsa No. 15, pp185-197.

ELDERFIELD, H., HEPWORTH, A., EDWARDS, P.N. andHOLLIDAY, L.M. (1979): Zinc in the Snowy Riverand estuary. Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 9: 403 -422.

GRIGGS, C.B. and JOHNSON, S. (1978): Bottom sedi-ment contamination in the Bay of Naples, Italy.Mar. Pollut Bull. 9: 208-214.

HOLMES, C.W., SLADE, E.A. and MCLERRAN, CJ.(1974): Migration and redistribution of zinc andcadmium in marine estuarine system. Environ.Sci. TechnoL 8:255-259.

JOTHY, A. A. (1983): On the detection of heavy metals,organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinatedbiphenyls in fish and shellfish from the coastalwaters of Peninsular Malaysia. Arch. Fischwiss.33(3): 161-206.

LAW, A.T. (1980): Sewage pollution in Kelang Riverand its estuary. Pertanika. 3(1): 1 3 - 19.

LlONG, P.C. (1983): Heavy metals in shellfish from thenothern part of Malacca Straits. Preprint: AnInternational Conference on Development andManagement of Tropical Living Aquatic Re-sources. August 2 - 5 , 1983. Universiti PertanianMalaysia, Serdang, Selangor.

LOW, T.P. (1978): Essential and toxic metals inMalaysian finfish and shellfish. Ph.D. thesis.Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, 112 pp.

MENON, M.P., GHUMAN, G.S. and OBI EMEH, C.(1979): Trace element release from estuarinesediments of South Mosquito Lagoon nearKennedy Space Center. Water, Air, Soil, Pollut.12:295-306.

MEYERSON, A.L., LUTHER, G.W., KRAJEWSKI, J. andHIRES, R.I. (1981): Heavy metal distribution inNewark Bay sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 12:244-250.

MONTGOMERY, J.R. and SANTIAGO, R.J. (1978): Zincand copper in "paniculate" forms and "soluble"complexes with inorganic or organic ligands inthe Guanajibo river and coastal zone, PuertoRico.Esfuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 6: 111 - 116.

ORPWOOD, B. (1979): Concentration techniques fortrace elements: A Review. Water ResearchCentre, Medmenham. Tech. Rept. TR 102, 9PP-

PATIN, S.A. (1982): Pollution and the Biological Re-sources of the Oceans. London: ButterworthScientific, 287 pp.

PORTMANN, J.E. (1972): The levels of certain metals infish from coastal waters around England andWales. Aquaculture. 1: 91 -96 .

RILEY, J.P. and CHESTER, R. (1971): Introduction tomarine chemistry. London: New York AcademicPress, 465 pp.

TAKIZAWA, Y. (1979): Epidemology of mercurypoisoning. In: The Biogeochemistry of Mercuryin the Environment. Nriagu, J.O. (ed.). Amster-dam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biochemical Press,pp 325-365.

THORNTON, I., WATLING, H. and DARRACOTT, A.(1975): Geochemical studies in several rivers andestuaries used for oyster rearing. Sci. TotalEnviron. 4: 325-345.

WALDHAUER, R., MATTE. A. and TUCKER, R.E.(1978): Lead and copper in the waters of Raritanand Lower New York Bays. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 9:38 -42 .

WHARFE, J.R. and VAN DEN BROEK, W.L.F. (1977):Heavy metals in macroinvertebrates and fish fromthe Lower Medway Estuary, Kent. Mar. Pollut.Bull. 8 :31-34 .

(Received 29 March, 1986)

PERTANIKA VOL. 9 NO. 2, 1986 215

A T . LAW AND A. SINGH

APPENDIX ISalinity at the sampling stations

^•s. Sampling^ \ . Date

station \ .

ConnoughtBridge

Kota Bridge

I

II

III

IV

Tidal

Condition

29-4-81

Depth SVoo(m)

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.0

0.51.02.05.08.0

10.011.012.5

Tim<

_ l

-

11.6

__

29.8_

29.9

(1630 hrs)

24.7—___

30.6_—

30.2(1540 hrs)

27.1—_—_

30.730.7

(1430 hrs)

29.6—_

31.4—

31.4——

(1130 hrs)! Height

(Hours) (m)0035072113262010

3.53.13.92.0

29-6-81

Depth S°/oo(m)

0.10.51.01.52.02.62.83.54.95.76.47.07.89.9

12.7

1.02.04.06.08.08.5

1.02.03.04.05.06.07.0

1.02.03.04.05.06.08.0

10.012.014.0

025009271515

-

18.218.818.820.220.720.424.025.226.827.627.628.228.529.029.3

(1240 hrs)

31.431.431.431.431.431.4

(1655 hrs)

31.531.531.531.531.531.531.5

(1550 hrs)

31.231.231.431.431.531.531.531.531.531.6

(1450 hrs)

4.21.64.8

2-9-81

Depth S°/oo(m)

15.0

00

(0900 hrs) 2

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

0145075214011958

-

17.722.024.025.525.726.026.026.827.027.227.2

(1700 hrs)

27.527.527.527.527.527.527.5

(1100 hrs)

28.028.028.228.228.228.228.228.228.228.2

(1400 hrs)

28.028.128.228.328.328.328.328.328.328.328.3

(1200 hrs)

0.74.8

. 0.94.5

22-9-81

Depth S°/oo(m)

0.55.0

0.5

0.51.02.04.05.06.08.0

10.0

0.51.02.03.05.07.08.5

0.51.04.06.08.0

10.012.014.016.0

0.51.02.04.05.06.08.0

10.0

044012011917

11

(0900 hrs)

2.9

(1000 hrs)

14.130.030.631.0

_31.431.431.5

(1500 hrs)

30.6.30.531.531.631.831.931.9

(1224 hrs)

30.910.932.232.232.232.232.232.432.4

(1400 hrs)

31.531.731.9

32.232.232.232.2

(1300 hrs)

2.43.62.3

11-12-81

Depth S°/oo(m)

0,5

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

1.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

040011491753

1

(0900 hrs)

-

20.723.528.029.229.530.230.230.029.729.7

(1510 hrs)

30.330.330.430.530.630.630.630.6

(1000 hrs)

31.731.931.931.931.932.032.032.0

(1315 hrs)

30.530.930.932.132.232.232.232.232.232.2

(1130 hrs)

4.50.64.8

24-12-81

Depth S°/oo(m)

0.52.06.0

0.52.05.0

0.52.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

0.51.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

11.5

0400105516552301

000

(0900 hrs)

000

(1000 hrs)

018.0018.4020.0020.8021.2022.5022.3023.8024.20

(1145 hrs)

28.028.328.328.528.528.528.528.5

(1450 hrs)

29.1029.1029.2529.5029.5029.5029.5029.5029.5029.5029.50

(1345 hrs)

29.229.229.229.229.229.229.229.229,229.229.129.1

(1250 hrs)

4.51.34.11.6

Not determined.

^Sampling time.

216 PERTANIKA VOL. 9 NO. 2, 1986

APPENDIX IIDistribution of mangenase, iron, copper, lead and zinc in Kelang estuary (in 'fig/1)

! 2

b b w<

15.310.61

)312.18

4.28.55.25.17

8.7 1.8

6.8 2

.14.8

IK

3.8 1.43

• * * r*

is b [. b

| S S S

v6 y 9

M L* bo

I s §

22.09.810.55.0

10.0

y - -

1.7 0.8

21

1.30.7

0.4

y r" y

S § 3

02.09.810.55.0

10.0

5 8 S

14

0.62.1

0.91.2

0.6

* -» »

- •* y

0.55.0

10.018 0

1.82.23.2

12.8

5.9 3.8

2.9 2.1

1.9 1.3

1.5 1.1

2 8 S 3

I s s s

IV29.04.81

Sb"S

10.54.35.7

i i i

S£i

24.12.81

Mean

0.55.0

10.0

4.26.55.23.20

5.9 1.8

5.4 2

.1.

5.2 1.88

4.33 1.30

8 1.0

J 1.3

1 1.0

S4 2.95

11.12.81

y 9

i i

us m

S S

"

s i

as

22.09.81

y p

6.T

2.15.2

1.5

*. to

02.09.81

b b vi

bo » vo

2.9 1

11.4

0.81.6

0.8

* * u.

U ^

29.06.81

y p

9 r

11.2

0.32.0

0.7

S 3( 4.2

1 8.3

Ill29.04.81

out

ijo i *

• '

U

> S

2

b b

* 91 **

A -4 UlM« ^

b « U

i ^

145135103.8

2 —11.12.81

oo po m

bo *

1 i

9 P

1 t

s

s *22.09.81

w> P

O -J

00 9i

4.1 1

72.8

1.1V.

v to

- .

02.09.81

vi ob u>

_ „91 M

7.8 3.3

5.9 2.7

U" * •

29.06.81

r° PUl u>

Ul 9.

be £

S.7 1.3

2.6 0.8

bo bo

II29.04.81

0.55.0

15.0

. - u .

• 1 1

* 1̂ M

1 i 1

ssft

in

24.12.810.55.0

10.0

333.5176.0138.270.0

IS..11.6.11.

12.3 6.2

9.9 5.7

9.4 5.1

12.2 5.1

5 2 2 §

M i l

11.12.81

9 * 9

1 I 1

11.16.34.2

i l l

B

• :" 2

b b b vi

47.021.8199.5.6

16.57.26.56.8

15.012410.712.4

b bo — ui

ills0 140.0

0 175.0

0 110.0

0 170.0

24501900170210

29.06.815.0

10.0bo « bo

10.57.37.8

11.11.11.

« bo b

0 15.0

7 13.2

5 105

i i i

29.04.81

b S £

35.028.532.4

i I

16.13.14.

1 1 t

Hi

t

KB

02 09.8122.09.8111 12.8124.12.81m

ean

9 9 9 9

117.558.0

145.0221.0135.38

37.422.0

16.025.5

X S S B S5 19.5

5 2

60

1 13.8

« 15.1

3 £ i M0 115.0

0 210.0

00 64.0

3 129.7

95004050520065006312.5

SH ? = s g

« bo * x

9 9 9 Pw> «" v> i.->

35.012.0

22.523.17

S 2 S S S SD 17.5

2 12.8

56 12.7

D8 14.33

S s s S S0 70.0

0 220.0

00 47.0

0 112.3

iiiii

900254325110397.3

'1

/

i

I

i

i

i

i

i

i

r

T

£s o