Distribution Efficiency Initiative:Calculator Review

April 29, 2008Regional Technical Forum

Overview

• Calculator Input & Output Review• DEI Measure Life• Develop 3 New Load Shapes– I2R Losses– Transformer No-Load Losses– Delivered Energy Reduction Savings

Where the Savings are Expected to Come From

Source: NEEA DEI Project Final Report by RW Beck page B-23

Calculator Overview

Calculator Inputs• Pre & Post Conditions

– Load Types (heating system types, etc.)

– Line Info (length, type, etc.)– Regulator Info– Load Info (kW, PF, Annual

Energy etc.)– Equipment (Capacitors,

Transformers)• Costs

– Materials– Labor

Calculator Outputs• Savings

– I2R Losses• Balanced losses• Unbalanced losses

– Transformer No-load Losses– Delivered Energy Reduction

• Economics– Utility B/C and Payback

Calculator Primary Issues

• Calculator Does Not Output– Substation Power Transformer Losses

• Approx. 33% of the savings

– Secondary Line Losses• Approx. 3% of the savings

– I2R Loss Calculation may need revision• Does not output negative savings when voltage reduction is the only

measure

• TRC Analysis Added to Calculator– O&M Costs Input– TRC Analysis Output

What’s the Measure Life15 years for all?

Savings Mechanism• Voltage Regulation

– LDC using LTC or Voltage Regulator• Substation Bus (control setting)• Each Feeder (control setting)

– End of Line feedback• Substation Bus (device, override?)• Each Feeder (device, override?)

• Equipment Upgrades– Capacitor Banks (device, 10 year life?)– Transformers (device)

• Phase Balancing (maintenance?)• Line Voltage Regulators (device)• Reconductoring

• Current assumption is 15 years.

• Some components last about 10 years (capacitor banks)

• Much of the savings rely on maintaining improved control practices over time, rather than installing more efficient equipment.

• Calculator does not allow for varying measure life by component.

Reminder:

• Load Research– Home Voltage

Regulators on 395 homes

• Pilot Demonstration– Various DEI measures on

10 substations (31 feeders)

DEI Study had two monitoring components

∆kW from Load Research

(NORTHWEST ENERGY EFFICIENCY ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY INITIATIVE PROJECT FINAL REPORT by RW Beck)

Delivered Energy Savings Shape

Result:

Load Factor: 0.68Coincident Factor: 0.39

∆V from Load Research

I2R Loss Load Shape∆I2Rproxy =(kWpre/Vpre) 2 – (kWpost/Vpost) 2

Result (negative savings):

Load Factor: 0.29Coincident Factor: 0.15

Transformer No-load Loss Savings Shape = FLAT (LF 1.00, CF 0.68)

∆V From Pilot Project:

Pro Cost => Regional NPV(Based on 15 year measure life)

Savings Mechanism Total Value to Region

I2R Losses $0.64/kWh

Transformer No-load $0.55/kWh

Delivered Energy Reduction $0.57/kWh

Issues with these Load Shapes• Averaged seasonal shapes

– Do not take weekend/weekday into account– Peaks are hidden in the averaging

• ∆V will be less during peak loading conditions

• Delivered Energy Savings Shape– Delta kW from HVR’s is different than delta kW from a change in LTC settings at the

bus/feeder– Heating/Cooling system type is averaged for the region

• I2R loss savings shape is complex– This load shape is based solely on a system voltage reduction– Savings could also come from:

• Phase balancing (shape?)• PF correction (shape?)

• Transformer No-Load Loss Savings Shape– Need Pilot Demonstration data to determine how different it is from flat

Questions for RTF

• What is needed for approval of the calculator?– Add output for substation power transformer? Secondary line losses?– I2R revision?– Should there be any additional requirements for users (Training or

Oversight)?

• What should the measure life(s) be?• Is load shape analysis on the right track?

– Pursue 8760 data (Pilot Demonstration and Load Research) for better load shape analysis?• Delivered Energy Savings Shape will be based on Load Research 8760 data (∆kW)

– Depending on results, may have multiple load shapes for different mixes of heating system types

• I2R Energy Savings Shape will be based on???• Transformer No-Load Loss Saving Shape will be based on Pilot Demo 8760 data (∆V)