Distributed Simulation -- Distributed Simulation -- An Enabling Technology An Enabling Technology

for the Evaluation of for the Evaluation of Supply ChainsSupply Chains

-- Supported by NIST-- Supported by NIST

Jeyendran Venkateswaran, Jeyendran Venkateswaran, Mohammed Jafferali, Young-Jun SonMohammed Jafferali, Young-Jun Son

Systems and Industrial EngineeringSystems and Industrial Engineering

The University of ArizonaThe University of Arizona

(520) 626-9530, son@sie.arizona.edu(520) 626-9530, son@sie.arizona.edu

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

• Overview of manufacturing Overview of manufacturing simulationssimulations

• Architecture of distributed Architecture of distributed simulationsimulation

• Model supply chain interactionModel supply chain interaction• Demonstration of integration of Demonstration of integration of

multiple commercial simulation multiple commercial simulation software (Arena™ and ProModel ™)software (Arena™ and ProModel ™)

Different Types of Different Types of Manufacturing Manufacturing

SimulationsSimulations

• Spindle rotation, X,Y,Z Spindle rotation, X,Y,Z movement of tool in machinemovement of tool in machine

• Somewhat continuous processesSomewhat continuous processes

Enterprise

Shop

Equipment

Real World

Different Types of Different Types of Manufacturing Manufacturing

SimulationsSimulationsEnterpr

iseShop

Equipment

Real World

• High level tasks such asHigh level tasks such as

pick, put, cycle start, pick, put, cycle start, etcetc

• Somewhat discrete Somewhat discrete processesprocesses

Different Types of Different Types of Manufacturing Manufacturing

SimulationsSimulationsEnterpr

iseShop

Equipment

Real World

• Interface with other Interface with other enterpriseenterprise

• Focus of this Focus of this presentationpresentationInterface/Interaction

Big Executor (Shop Level)

ABBrobot

ProlightIBMrobot

FadalCartracAS/RS

TaskOutput Queue

TaskInput Queue

Eshedrobot

Real World or Equipment level simulation

Shop Floor Control Shop Floor Control SimulationSimulation

Shop Level Simulation

Equipment Simulation

Big Executor (Shop Level)

ABBrobot

ProlightIBMrobot FadalCartracAS/RS

TaskOutput Queue

TaskInput Queue

Eshedrobot

Real World or Equipment level simulation

Shop Level Simulation

Equipment Simulation

Evaluation of B2B Evaluation of B2B CollaborationCollaboration

Represented by

Run Time Infrastructure (RTI)

Supplier modelin ARENA(federate)

Distributorin AUTOMOD

(federate)

Manufacturingin PROMODEL

(federate)

NIST AdapterCommon Interface

Common Interface

CommonData Repository

amongCollaborators

NETWORK (LAN or INTERNET)

XML documents, Objects & messages

XML documents, Objects & messages

XML documents, Objects & messages

XML documents, Objects & messages

Represented by Represented by

Requirements to enable Requirements to enable Simulation IntegrationSimulation Integration

• Given multiple simulation modelsGiven multiple simulation models• Requirements (mechanisms) for the Requirements (mechanisms) for the

integration of multiple simulation modelsintegration of multiple simulation models– Time coordination (current simulation time Time coordination (current simulation time

should be the same)should be the same)– Interaction (coordination) or communicationInteraction (coordination) or communication

• Objects (material and information)Objects (material and information)• Messaging (interactions)Messaging (interactions)

• High Level Architecture (HLA) and Run-High Level Architecture (HLA) and Run-Time Infrastructure will provide a basis for Time Infrastructure will provide a basis for simulation systems integrationsimulation systems integration

• NIST Adapter (common interface)NIST Adapter (common interface)

HLA/RTI to be used directly in HLA/RTI to be used directly in Manufacturing DomainManufacturing Domain

• Is complexIs complex• Requires too much custom coding Requires too much custom coding

from prominent simulation from prominent simulation applications in the manufacturing applications in the manufacturing domaindomain

• So, what about a reusable, easy-to-So, what about a reusable, easy-to-use, and common interface => NIST use, and common interface => NIST AdapterAdapter

Time Management (1)Time Management (1)

• Tnow: current time in a legacy simulation Tnow: current time in a legacy simulation (federate)(federate)– When stand-alone modeWhen stand-alone mode

• Tnow is updated based on original event calendarTnow is updated based on original event calendar

– In federation (distributed simulation)In federation (distributed simulation)• Tnow is constrained by Tnows of other simulations through C and STnow is constrained by Tnows of other simulations through C and S ii

• C: C: current time in distributed simulation current time in distributed simulation (federation)(federation)

• SSii: simulation step size of federate i: simulation step size of federate i– User variableUser variable– Smaller, more tightly coordinated among federatesSmaller, more tightly coordinated among federates

How do we implement the How do we implement the interactioninteraction

and time management?and time management?• Each simulation member can run as stand alone Each simulation member can run as stand alone

How do we model this How do we model this interaction?interaction?

• Each simulation member can run as stand alone Each simulation member can run as stand alone

Prototype Virtual Supply Prototype Virtual Supply ChainChain

Supplier B

Supplier A

Logistics & Administration

Incoming parts

storage

Outgoing product storage

Manufacturing

Warehouse Distributor

Retailer

Assembly Plant

Material flow

Transportation system

LEGEND

Information flow is opposite directionfrom the material flow

Functional Specification using Functional Specification using IDEFIDEF

Input

Function

Output

Mechanism

Control

Decomposed FunctionsDecomposed Functions

Decomposed Functions

0 1 open_transaction_as open_transaction_ok_sa

9

2

5 3

order_as$12345$

close_transaction_as close_transaction_ok_sa

O

O

I

I

I

4

T

remove_entity

load_parts_ts

O

I

load_parts_ok_st 8 6 7

generate_transport_order T

transport_order_st

O10

Modeling behavior among members Modeling behavior among members using FSAusing FSA

ImplementationImplementation

• 4 Members have been modeled in Arena4 Members have been modeled in Arena and ProModel and ProModel (AutoMod (AutoMod will be will be included)included)

• Adapter (NIST) has been implemented in Adapter (NIST) has been implemented in COM objectsCOM objects

• Both Arena Both Arena and ProModel and ProModel provides a provides a built-in environment to use COM objects built-in environment to use COM objects as part of their simulation softwareas part of their simulation software

• DemonstrationDemonstration

Performance Test for Performance Test for SuitabilitySuitability

FactorsFactors LevelsLevels DescriptionDescription

NetworkNetwork LANLAN

InternetInternet

Modeling toolModeling tool SingleSingle Only ArenaOnly Arena

MultipleMultiple Arena, Arena, ProModelProModel

Message sizeMessage size SmallSmall Less than 30Less than 30

LargeLarge More than 300More than 300

Invocation of RTIInvocation of RTI Method 1Method 1

Method 2Method 2

What’s next?What’s next?• Case studiesCase studies• Evaluation scenariosEvaluation scenarios

– Evaluation of virtual enterprises (lead-time, cost, Evaluation of virtual enterprises (lead-time, cost, quality)quality)

• Develop a generic brokerDevelop a generic broker– Information modeling of manufacturing objectsInformation modeling of manufacturing objects– Generic input/output interface from usersGeneric input/output interface from users

• Embedding/adding more scientific Embedding/adding more scientific algorithmsalgorithms– Interaction among members (Petri-net, agent Interaction among members (Petri-net, agent

technology, etc)technology, etc)– Decision-making algorithmsDecision-making algorithms