Distributed Localization Using a Moving Beacon in Wireless Sensor Networks
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Distributed Localization Using a Moving Beacon in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed System, Vol. 19, No. 5, May 2008
+Bin Xiao, +Hekang Chen and *Shuigeng Zhou+ Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.* Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Fudan University.
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Outline
Introduction Distributed Localization using a Moving Beacon Movement Patterns of the Beacon Localization in the Real Environment Performance Evaluation Conclusions
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Introduction
The techniques used to identify the position of each sensor node are central to such location-aware operations. where events take place tracking moving targets assisting traffic routing providing the network geographic coverage
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Introduction
It is not infeasible to equip each node in a network with a Global Positioning System. Constraints of cost and power consumption
Sensor nodes may be used to identify the position of other nodes in a sensor network. Range-based Range-free
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Introduction
In this paper, the authors propose distributed method to localization of sensor nodes low hardware cost use moving beacon feasible and accurate
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Distributed Localization – using a Moving Beacon
Static sensor
Moving beacon
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Distributed Localization – using a Moving Beacon
Static sensor
Moving beacon
arrival position
prearrival position
departure position
post departure position
Arrival and Departure Overlap (ADO)
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Distributed Localization – using a Moving Beacon
Static sensor
Moving beacon
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Movement Patterns of the Beacon
Sparse-Straight-Line (SSL) Dense-Straight-Line (DSL) Random movement pattern
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SSL Movement Patterns
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SSL Movement Patterns
Arrival and Departure Overlap (ADO)
upper HADO
lower HADO
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Distributed Localization – using a Moving Beacon
Static sensor
Moving beaconupper HADO
lower HADO
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SSL Movement Patterns Moving beacon
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B
SSL Movement Patterns
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
B
Rule 1. If B is in the row immediately above the (i-1)th line, the position of A is below the ith line.
Moving beacon
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Rule 2. If HADO(B) cannot contact HADOupper(A), the position of A is below the ith line.
SSL Movement Patterns
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
A
A’
Moving beacon
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SSL Movement Patterns
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
C
Rule 3. If HADO(C) can contact HADOupper(A), the position of A is below the ith line.
A
A’
Moving beacon
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DSL Movement Patterns Moving beacon
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Uncovered Space Moving beacon
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Random movement pattern
A
Static sensor
Moving beacon
(previous position, current position, next position)
(prearrival, arrival, departure, postdeparture)
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Random movement pattern The overlap of ADOs creates a single kernel overlap area (KO
A)
),( 11
n
y
n
xn
i
n
i i i
Suppose that the KOA consists of n vertices. Let the coordinates of those n vertices (from v1 to vn) be (x1, y1), (x2, y2), . . . , (xn, yn)
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Random movement pattern If node G can acquire the information of k ADOs
k prearrival positions k arrival positions k departure positions k postdeparture positions
OutPoints as a set to encompass both the prearrival and postdeparture positions
InPoints as a set to encompass both the arrival and departure positions
Point set P contain all the intersection points of these 4k circles.
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Random movement pattern
Given a point u in P, its initial degree is set to 0. If the distance between u and an InPoint is not more than r, its de
gree is increased by 1 If the distance between u and an OutPoint is not less than r, its de
gree is increased by 1
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Localization in the Real Environment
Out of range
Arrival position
In range
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Performance Evaluation
300 nodes 500 m x 500 m Transmission range r : 30~50 m Beacon interval s : 1~9 m
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Comparisons of the Three Movement Patterns
SSL DSL Random
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General Performance Comparison
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Detailed Estimate ErrorInformation
s=0.3 m s=0.6 m
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Percentage of accurately localized nodes
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Communication overhead
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Communication overhead
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Conclusions
The authors present a distributed range-free localization method use only one moving beacon feasible and accurate
The basic idea is to narrow down the possible location of a node use the arrival and departure constraint SSL pattern DSL pattern Random movement pattern
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Thank You ~