Distributed Intelligent Automated Demand Response (DIADR)

In Sutardja Dai Hall

Jason Trager

Introduction

• Demand response: Turning things off instead of turning power plants on– Need for Automation– Need for Distributed Intelligence

• Ancillary Service– Can provide substitute for spinning reserves– … and possibly Frequency regulation

Sutardja Dai Hall

• 141,000 Sq. foot mixed use office space• Half of building is Marvell Nano-lab• Staff, faculty, students• Houses the Center for Information Technology

In the Interest of Society (CITRIS)

Initial Findings

• Building is over-cooled and over-ventilated– Chillers are vastly oversized

• Lighting often left on much of the night; occupants did not use the dimming functions.

• Initial monitoring identified problems (e.g., stuck economizer damper)

• Audit found many areas for conservation (e.g., ancillary LED monitors, electric adjustable desks)

Smart phone app: scan QR code, place on appliance, enter parameters for appliance. Uses StreamFS to automatically enter database.

Number of devices Cumulative Power (W)0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

90 12089

214 11066.4

54

2564.65

22

2700

49

558

94

216.2

29

1600

51

76.24

14

12149

2

12000

7 5352104

5434.89999999992

OtherMicrowavesWater HeatersElec kettle/coffee makerPhonesLamps/Plug LightsElectronic DesksLaser PrintersImacNotebook ComputersLCD monitorsComputers

RAPID AUDIT PROTOCOL (RAP)

Computers12%

Electronic Desks13%

Lamps/Plug Lights4%

Laser Printers7%

LCD monitors29%

Notebook Computers7%

Phones7%

Imac3%

Resistive Loads2%

Microwaves1%

Other14%

Device Count

d sk

Type ComputersElectronic Desks

Lamps/Plug Lights

Laser Printers

LCD monitors

Notebook Computers Phones Imac

Resistive Loads

Microwaves Other

Category 90 94 29 49 214 54 51 22 16 7 104Power Use 12089 216.2 1600 558 11066.4 2564.65 76.24 2700 24149 5352 5434.9

BACnet

sMAP/REST API

MySQL PythonDjango

PythonControl Process

HTML/HTTP

sMAPGateway

Personalized Lighting Control ApplicationSlide: Andrew Krioukov

Credit: Linda Lee, Andrew Krioukov

Baseline

Abs chiller centrif chiller0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Peak load in Sutardja Dai Hall

OtherNanofab labTelecomPumpsEmergencyReceptaclesLighting/water heatersHVAC + Elevators

kilo

watt

s

90-150 kWBut from where?

Receptacles

12kW

44 kW

90kW

125kW

90 kW Peak

Lighting

12kW

44 kW

90kW

125kW

32Kw

HVAC / Elevators

12kW

44 kW

90kW

125kW

155-380 kW

Cool Medium Hot

HVAC • Set point adjustment (6F)

• Modify airflow rates (70%)

• Pre cool building (2F)

• (47.5) kW

• Set point adjustment (6F)

• Modify airflow rates (70%)

• Pre cool building (2F +)

• (74.0) kW

• Set point adjustment (6F)

• Modify airflow rates (70%)

• Pre cool building (2F +)

• (109.0) kW

Lighting/ water heaters

• All lights down to 33%(20 kW), Water heaters off (12 kW)

• Lights off, can only re-set to 33% power (25 kW) Water Heaters off (12 kW)

All lights off (30 kW)

Plug Loads

Disable monitors, microwaves, coffee makers, and limit laser printers. (10 kW)

Disable monitors, microwaves, coffee makers, and limit laser printers. (10 kW)

All plug loads contribute to bids, power is capped (10 kW)

Experiments

• HVAC – preparing for hot days– Design pre cooling algorithms

• 2 degrees• 4 degrees• 6 degrees

• Adjust outflow water temperature– This is tricky

• Affects nano-lab

Experiments

• 4th floor, 7th floor DR test. Testing – light testing occurs at night– 4:15 AM, set all lights FULL– 4:30 AM, set all lights MED– 4:45 AM set all lights LOW– 5:00 AM set all lights OFF

ExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperiments

Solid, Discrete, Time series data

DR Controller

DR Controller

N1 NkN3N2

Load –agnostic optimization

DR Controller

• Should be extensible to energy efficiency– “Continuous DR”

• Should pick strategies that humans would pick– Maybe better

• Should learn– Critical feature of intelligence

Future work

• Summer DR tests– Ongoing

• Supply following load– Instead of “Demand Response”

• At least one automated DR event this summer• Can we reduce more plug loads?

– Computer labs shut down during DR event?

Questions?