Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids · Distributed Generation Controls To “Island”...

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Distributed Energy Resources in

Microgrids PowerUp Energy Conference

Jim Plourde

Program Director, Federal Microgrids and Advanced Power Systems

October 28, 2015

5 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

What is a Microgrid?

Critical Loads

Distributed Generation

Controls To “Island” Stability

An integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources which as an integrated system can operate in parallel with the grid or in an intentional islanded mode.

Electrical Distribution Protection and Control

Have to have: • Distributed Generation

(conventional or renewable) • Critical loads • Controls to Island and shed

o preserving critical loads and system stability

• Electrical Distribution Protection and Control

Usually have: • Inverter based generation sources • Storage or load flexibility • AMI and SCADA Software • A communications network • Sequence of Events Recording(SER)

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Our perspective

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Positive Microgrid

market drivers:

• Feasible financial models

demonstrating ROI

• Federal mandates for EE

• Increased focus on security

• Expanding interest in having

consistent codes and

standards

• Co-opetition with utilities

• Energy storage options are

increasing and costs are

dropping

Benefits in adopting

Microgrids:

• Organize distributed energy

resources into a beneficial

supplemental power source

for end-users and the grid

• Reduce cost of peak power

while enhancing grid reliability

• Enhance reliability,

seamlessly interconnecting

with and separating from the

grid when it experiences an

outage

• Disconnect from the grid

when the cost of power

exceeds the cost of local

generation

• Serve a remote or otherwise

logistically difficult area

“Grid modernization is

really going to change

the rules of the game,”

said Ann Berwick, Chair

of the Mass. Dept. of

Public Utilities. “Utilities,

regulators, customers…

It’s going to break open

our world to all kinds of

new approaches to the

distribution of electricity

and how we pay for it.”

Public Utilities

agree that

change is on

its way…


Microgrid Expertise Varied Experience

Experience working on different DER types > Base load (on all the time)

- Conventional

- Gas Steam Turbine, Diesels

- Inverter Based

- Solar, Wind, Fuel Cell, Micro turbines, Electrical Energy Storage

> Emergency

- Diesels – Healthcare, Datacenter, critical applications

> Experience working on different Control types > Open Transition

> Close Transition

> Hybrid


Value Proposition

• Minimize energy costs

through fuel switching, load

control and grid services

• Prioritize most critical loads

• Have energy flexibility with

the grid

• Harness combined heat and

power, maximize incentives

Efficiency & Optimization

• Incorporate low cost solar, CHP and other Distributed Energy Resources

• Implement net-zero projects, reducing carbon footprint

• Store energy for stability and grid services

Green Energy

Reliable Energy

• Ability to proactively island

from utility and reconnect

• Preserve critical loads

24/7/365

• Repurposing grid tied

inverters for island mode

operation

• Determine root cause of

outages and restore power

quickly

Green Energy

Customize DERs to deliver enhanced reliability; efficiency and

optimization; and environmental benefits.

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SE Integration & Controls enable Microgrids

Arc Fault Mitigation Can save a substation

SER can pinpoint a root Cause is minutes vs. hours or days (downstream PCC)

MAINS and INTERCONNECT Where DER is in continued parallel operation, high speed control allows preservation of the most critical load, even potential export of DER

1b - High speed grid data, Freq. Triggers armed loads to shed, site wide Relaying and control retrofits and analysis

1c – Dynamic control relies upon knowing Precise load data, even if it is several seconds old

Rotating DER sources can be used as an anchor resource to safely repurpose grid tied solar, fuel Cells

Traditional AMI data/metering

Reliable SCADA, with near time load data and Real time source data is the key to “State of the Art” Microgrid controls. System Stability data is the other key 1

2

3 BiDirectional high speed inverters can

add MG stability (voltage, frequency) and increase system capacity (kVARs)

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Storage

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SE has key hardware/software bricks in PLCs, Relays, SERs, SCADA,


400kW Fuel

Cell/Inverter

System

50kW Load Bank

CL&P 13.8kV

500kVA Xfmr

2 x 3.3kW PV

Arrays/Inverters

Switchable Facility Loads

Microgrid

Controller

480V 480V

208V 208V

UCONN - Load Management


UCONN – Distribution Automation

400kW Fuel

Cell/Inverter

System

50kW Load Bank

CL&P 13.8kV

500kVA Xfmr

2 x 3.3kW PV

Arrays/Inverters


Microgrid

Controller

480V 480V

208V 208V

MV Circuit

Breakers

LV Circuit

Breakers


UCONN – Grounding w/ Zig-Zag Xfmr

400kW Fuel

Cell/Inverter

System

50kW Load Bank

CL&P 13.8kV

500kVA Xfmr

2 x 3.3kW PV

Arrays/Inverters


Microgrid

Controller

480V 480V

208V 208V

Zig-Zag Xfmr

400A Neutral

Ground

Resistor

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Oncor MicroGrid

4 MG Zones including 9 generation assets

(2) PV arrays

(1) Microturbine

(2) Batteries

(4) Generators

http://microgridknowledge.com/rumor-is-true-oncor-unveils-first-

of-a-kind-microgrid/

http://microgridknowledge.com/rumor-is-true-oncor-unveils-first-of-a-kind-microgrid/



















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Chevron Load Preservation Microgrid

K e e p i n g 1 6 0 M W + o f

C H P u p w h e n t h e g r i d

i s d o w n

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http://microgrids.schneider-electric.us/




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Oncor MicroGrid

4 MG Zones including 9 generation assets

(2) PV arrays

(1) Microturbine

(2) Batteries

(4) Generators

http://microgridknowledge.com/rumor-is-true-oncor-unveils-first-

of-a-kind-microgrid/




















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Conclusions and Questions

●Almost every MG is a brown field

●Create and follow a proper Preconstruction and Design plan

● Know your drivers - source and uses

● Understand constraints and goals

● Identify the critical and less critical loads

●Real Time Operation

● Have a system in place for monitoring and optimizing the microgrid level resources

● Understand control operations in each Sequence of Operations

● Nothing is ever static

●For best results, the MG controller must adjust based on real time and forecasted

status

●You can’t control what you can’t measure

●Testing and simulation are critical

●Questions

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Wrap Up

Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids · Distributed Generation Controls To “Island”...

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