DISPERSAL ASSEMBLY RULES IN DUTCH PLANT COMMUNITIES ?
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Transcript of DISPERSAL ASSEMBLY RULES IN DUTCH PLANT COMMUNITIES ?
DISPERSAL ASSEMBLY RULES IN DUTCH PLANT COMMUNITIES ?
Wim Ozinga
• KUN: Prof. Jan M. van Groenendael• RUG: Prof. Jan P. Bakker
Dr. Renée M. Bekker• Alterra: Dr. Joop H.J. Schaminée
Drs. Stephan M. Hennekens
Disappointing results nature restoration projects ‘missing target species’
Constraints on assembly of local communities: (a)biotic Dispersal
BACKGROUND
Importance of dispersal in determining species composition:
Species levelinterspecific differences traits, trade-offs
Community level+ environmental constraints on efficiency dispersal vectors (trait-environment linkages)
Landscape level+ spatial configuration, availability dispersal vectors
DISPERSAL ASSEMBLY ?
TRAIT – ENVIRONMENT LINKAGES
APPROACH
Combination of 2 large databases:
Vegetation database
Database dispersal traits
Vegetation relevés (N=40.000)
Synoptic tables170 plant communities (only inland, terrestrial)
each community: species + % sites occupied
Ordination main environmental gradients:
1. water availability
2. productivity
3. light availability
DUTCH VEGETATION DATABASE
IRIS: DATABASE ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS
Focus on long distance dispersal (>100 m)• Wind (anemochory)
• Water (hydrochory)
• Herbivores, fur (epizoochory)
• Herbivores, internal (endozoochory)
• Birds (ornithochory)
Dispersal in time• Seed longevity
www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/IRIS
IRIS: DATABASE ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS
Luzula multiflora
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 168 336 504 672 840time (hours)
flo
ati
ng
se
ed
s %
still water
stirring water
T50
Floating seedlings
Example contents
IRIS: DATABASE ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS
Focus on long distance dispersal (>100 m)• Wind (anemochory)
• Water (hydrochory)
• Herbivores, fur (epizoochory)
• Herbivores, internal (endozoochory)
• Birds (ornithochory)
Dispersal in time• Seed longevity
Rough classification species for each dispersal vector:• 0: low potential for long distance dispersal• 1: relatively high ,,
www.synbiosys.alterra.nl/IRIS
Matrix 1
win
d
wat
er
mam
mal
s, e
xter
nal
mam
mal
s, in
tern
al
bir
ds
po
lych
ory
1 1 1 0 0 0 Σ=22 0 0 1 0 0 Σ=13 0 0 1 1 1 Σ=34 0 0 0 0 0 Σ=0
ΣΣ
n=900 Σ
Long-distance dispersal potential
Sp
ecie
s
DATABASE LINKAGES
Matrix 2
mo
istu
re
pro
du
ctiv
ity
ligh
t
1
n=900
Environment
Sp
ecie
s
Species level Community levelD
ispe
rsal
tra
itsE
nviro
nmen
t
Matrix 1w
ind
wat
er
mam
mal
s, e
xter
nal
mam
mal
s, in
tern
al
bir
ds
po
lych
ory
1 1 1 0 0 0 Σ=22 0 0 1 0 0 Σ=13 0 0 1 1 1 Σ=34 0 0 0 0 0 Σ=0
ΣΣ
n=900 Σ
Long-distance dispersal potential
Sp
ecie
s
Matrix multiplications Combination
Matrix 5
mo
istu
re
pro
du
ctiv
ity
ligh
t
1
n=123Co
mm
un
ity
Environment
Matrix 4
win
d (
%)
wat
er (
%)
mam
mal
s, e
xt. (
%)
mam
mal
s, in
t. (
%)
bir
ds
(%)
po
lych
ory
(av
g.)
1
n=123Co
mm
un
ity
Long-distance dispersal potential
win
d (
%)
wat
er (
%)
mam
mal
s, e
xt. (
%)
mam
mal
s, in
t. (
%)
bir
ds
(%)
po
lych
ory
(av
g.)
moisture Σproductivity Σlight availability Σ
Trait-environment patterns
Long-distance dispersal potentialMatrix
3 1 n=1231
n=900
Sp
ecie
sCommunity
170 plant communities
R2 = 0.91p < 0.001
0
20
40
60
80
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
moisture
% h
ydro
cho
rou
s sp
ecie
s
Acquatic communities
excluded
DISPERSAL BY WATER
Aquatic
DISPERSAL BY WIND
R2 = 0.329p < 0.001
0
20
40
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
productivity
% a
nem
och
oro
us
spec
ies
DISPERSAL BY HERBIVORES (FUR)
R2 = 0,411p < 0,001
20
30
40
50
4 5 6 7 8
light availability
% e
piz
oo
cho
rou
s sp
ecie
s
DISPERSAL BY HERBIVORES (DUNG)
R2 = 0,527p < 0.001
60
70
80
90
100
4 5 6 7 8
Light availability
% e
nd
ozo
och
oro
us
spec
ies
SEED LONGEVITY
R2 = 0,33p<0,001
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
4 5 6 7 8
light availability
% s
pec
ies
wit
h p
ersi
sten
t se
eds
SHIFT IN DISPERSAL TRAITS
endozoochory
R2 = 0,527
0
20
40
60
80
100
4 5 6 7 8
light availability
% s
pec
ies
ornithochory
R2 = 0.14
myrmecochory
R2 = 0.48
anemochory
R2 = 0,14
epizoochory
R2 = 0.41
seedbank
R2 = 0.33
DISPERSAL TRAITS WITHIN A COMMUNITY
Trait spectrum broad leafed forest (Carpinetum)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
NO
WATER
WIN
D
HERBIVORES
BIRDS
SEEDBANK
% S
PE
CIE
S (N
=3
18
)
LIGHT AVAILABILITY & POLYCHORY
R2 = 0,37p < 0.001
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
4 5 6 7 8
light availability
# d
isp
ersa
l vec
tors
/ sp
ecie
s
Spectra of dispersal traits change along main environmental gradients (especially along light gradient)
dispersal models should include habitat quality
Within community diversity of dispersal traits dispersal models should include multiple dispersal vectors
Relative importance of long distance dispersal increases along light gradient
communities probably differ in sensitivity for habitat fragmentation and in potential for ecological restoration
CONCLUSIONS