Disorder of Circulatory System

7/27/2019 Disorder of Circulatory System

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The

Doctor

isIn

Disease of the Circulatory System

Vanessa O. Juntilla

III- A BSBT


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The

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n



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Hypertension is...

also referred to as high

blood pressure

a common condition in

which the force of the blood

against your artery walls is

high enough that it may

eventually cause healthproblems, such as heart

disease.

The

Doctor isIn



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What are the symptoms ofHypertension?

Most of the time, thereare no symptoms.


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What causes Hypertension?

Smoking and too much

alcoholic drinking

ObesityLack of exercise or

physical activity

High levels of salt intake

StressKidney disease


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Hypertension and Alcohol

Drinking too much alcohol is

a risk factor for high blood

pressure. The American Heart

Association guidelinesrecommend the consumption of

no more than two alcoholic

drinks per day for men and no

more than one drink a day forwomen.


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Hypertension and Weight

Being overweight increases the risk

of getting hypertension and increases

the workload required of your heart.

Diets designed to control blood

pressure are often designed to reducecalories as well. Most of these diets

require decreasing consumption of

fatty food and sugars while increasing

your intake of lean protein, fiber,

fruits, and vegetables. A weight loss ofjust 10 pounds can make a differencein your blood pressure.


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Hypertension and Sodium

Sodium, a chemical found in salt, raises

blood pressure by promoting the retention of

fluid by the body. This increases the

workload on the heart. The American Heart

Association recommends an upper daily limit

for sodium consumption of 1,500 mg.

Processed foods are particularly high in

sodium and make up about 75% of our

sodium intake. Among these, lunch meats

and canned soups have some of the highest

levels of dietary sodium.


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Hypertension and Stress

Stress leads to temporary elevations of

blood pressure, but there is no proof that

stress causes ongoing high blood pressure.

Stress may have an indirect effect on blood

pressure since it can influence other risk

factors for heart disease.

People who are under stress tend to

engage more in unhealthy habits like poor

nutrition, alcohol use, and smoking, all of

which can play a role in the development

of high blood pressure and heart disease.


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Hypertension and Caffeine

Caffeine can bring on the

jitters, but there is no evidence

that it can cause long-term

hypertension. However,especially for those not

accustomed to caffeine, a

caffeinated beverage might

bring on a temporary rise inblood pressure.


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The Hypertension Danger Zone

When blood pressure reaches

180/110 mmHg or higher, a

serious condition known ashypertensive crisis may occur

which can lead to stroke, kidney

damage, heart attacks or loss of

consciousness.


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Who gets Hypertension?

High blood pressure is

more common in older

people. At age 45, moremen have hypertension

than women. By age 65,

this is reversed and more

women are affected.


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Who gets Hypertension?

People with diabetes have a

greater risk of hypertension than

those without diabetes, and

having a close family memberwith high blood pressure also

increases your risk of developing

it. About 60% of all people with

diabetes also have hypertension.


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The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone

Mechanism


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The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism

Decreased

blood

pressure

Renin

Angiotensinogen

Angiotensin IAngiotensin II

vasoconstrictor

Increased

bloodpressure

Aldosterone


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Treatment: The DASH Diet

Dietary changes can help control

blood pressure. One diet designed to

promote lower blood pressure is known

as the DASH diet. This stands for

Dietary Approaches to StopHypertension. The DASH diet

recommends eating more vegetables,

fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy

products, poultry, nuts, and fish. Red

meat, saturated fats, and sweetsshould be avoided. It can also help toreduce your intake of sodium.


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Treatment: Exercise

Exercise is another lifestyle factor

that can lower blood pressure. Its

recommended that adults get about

150 minutes per week of moderate

exercise. This can include activitieslike walking, bicycling, gardening, or

other aerobic exercise. Muscle-

strengthening activities are

recommended at least twice a week.


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Treatment: Diuretics

If diet and exercise are not sufficient to

lower blood pressure, the first medications

recommended are often diuretics or so-

called "water pills." These reduce sodium

and fluid levels in the body to lower blood

pressure. Taking diuretics means you willurinate more frequently. Sometimes,

diuretics deplete potassium levels as well,

which can lead to muscle weakness, leg

cramps, and tiredness. Other side effects

of diuretics can include elevated blood

sugars in people with diabetes. Less

commonly, erectile dysfunction can occur.


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Treatment:ACE Inhibitors

ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)

inhibitors are another class of

antihypertensive drugs. They reduce

the bodys levels ofangiotensin II, a

substance that narrows blood vessels.This means that arteries are more open

(dilated) and the blood pressure is

lower. Side effects of ACE inhibitors

can include skin rash, dry cough,

dizziness, and elevated potassiumlevels. Women taking ACE inhibitorsshould not become pregnant.


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Treatment:ARBs

Instead of lowering angiotensin II

levels, a related class of drugs called

ARBs or angiotensin receptor blockers

prevents the actions of angiotensin II

on the arteries. This means the arteriesstay more open and blood pressure is

lowered. ARBs can take a few weeks to

work. Side effects can include

dizziness, muscle cramps, insomnia,

and elevated potassium levels. As withACE inhibitors, women taking ARBsshould not become pregnant.


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Proper Care of the Circulatory System

Its just a matter of lifestyle: whatyou eat and daily exercise!


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Thank you.

Have a nice day!

Disorder of Circulatory System

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