Disk Partitioning( FAT, NTFS)

8/8/2019 Disk Partitioning( FAT, NTFS)

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FINALS-DISK PARTITIONING

-SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

-SOFTWARE TROUBLESHOOTING


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DISK PARTITIONING

How to install the Win XP?

y SIMULATOR


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COMPARING FAT16, FAT32 AND

NTFS

Things to be considered in using the File

systems:

y How the computer is used.

y The hardware platform.

y The size and number of hard disks.

y Security considerations.


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UNDERSTANDING THE FAT FILE

SYSTEM

The FAT file system was initially introduced with

the MS- DOS when hard disks were generally

much smaller, and the structure of folders was

not as intricate as it is in networks today. The initial FAT file system could only support a

maximum partition size of 2GB.

The FAT file system protects files by storing two

copies of the file allocation table on the FAT

volume.

y In cases where one copy of the file allocation table is

corrupt, the other copy of the file allocation table is

utilized


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The file allocation table's location is specified in

the BIOS Parameter Block (BPB) of the FAT boot

sector. It is also stored on the volume in a

specified byte offset. This ensures that any filesnecessary to start the system can be found.

The actual numbers in the names of the different

FAT file systems are associated with the number

of bits utilized for a file allocation table entry


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FILE ALLOCATION TABLE

File Allocation Table is a log that records the location ofeach file and the status of each sector.

When you write a file to a disk, the OS checks theFAT for an open area, stores the file, and then

identifies the file and its location in the FAT. When new data must be added to a file and there

is no more room next to the cluster (the smallestunit that the OS utilizes when it assigns space onthe partition; also at times referred to as an

allocation unit) where the original data is stored,the OS records the new information in anunused cluster on the disk. The FAT lists bothclusters, and a pointer at the end of the firstcluster connects it to the second.


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DIFFERENT FILE SYSTEM

FAT12 utilizes a 12-bit file allocation table entry.

FAT16 utilizes a 16-bit file allocation table entry

FAT32 utilizes a 32-bit file allocation table entry


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THE FAT 16 FILE SYSTEM

works effectively on small disks and uncomplicated

folder structures.

compatible with the majority of operating systems. This

is evident by MS DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98,

Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000 andWindows XP being able to utilize the FAT16 file system.

generally works well in managing disk space when the

size of the volume is less than 256MB

you should refrain from using FAT16 on volumes that

are larger than 512MB. FAT16 cannot be utilized on

volumes that exceed 4 GB.


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The file allocation table identifies a cluster in the

FAT partition as either:

y Unused

y Cluster in use by a file

y Bad cluster

y Last cluster in a file

The FAT16 volume is structured as follows:

y Boot sector on the system partition

y Theprimary file allocation table

y The copy or duplicate file allocation table

y Aroot folder

y Other folders and all files


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AFEW DISADVANTAGES ASSOCIATED WITH

THE FAT16 FILE SYSTEM

The FAT16 file system has no local security for

the file system or compression features.

The boot sector is not backed up.

The root folder can only have a maximum of 512entries which means that files which have long

names can greatly decrease the number of entries

available.

FAT16 does not work well with volume sizes thatare large.


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can handle larger partitions than what the

FAT16 file system can handle

works effectively on large disks that have

intricate folder structures was introduced with Windows 98's second release

(OSR2). FAT32 operates the same in the

Windows 98 OSR2 and Windows 2000

can support partitions up to 2047 GB in sizecompared to FAT16's 4 GB. With FAT32, there is

no restriction on the number of entries that the

root folder can contain


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The boot sector is also backed up on FAT32

volumes. A FAT32 volume must however have a

minimum of 65,527 clusters.

The FAT32 architecture is very much like thearchitecture of the FAT16 file system. FAT32

was designed with little architectural changes to

ensure compatibility with existing programs and

device drivers. What this means is that device

drivers and FAT tools used for FAT16 partitionswould continue to work for FAT32 partitions.


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AFEW DISADVANTAGES ASSOCIATED WITH


Like the FAT16 file system, the FAT32 file

system includes no local security for the files

system or compression features.

The MS-DOS, Windows 95, and Windows NT 4.0OSs are unable to access or read FAT32

partitions.

Both FAT16 and FAT32 partitions do not scale

well - the file allocation table increases in size as

the volume grows.


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THE NTFS

a high performance file system that replaces theolder FAT file system introduced by MSDOS.

includes security features required for file serversand high-end personal computers in a corporate

environment, and data access control andownership privileges important for data integrity.

supports multiple data streams, where thestream name identifies a new data attribute onthe file. A handle can be opened to each datastream. A data stream, then, is a unique set offile attributes. Streams have separateopportunistic locks, file locks, and sizes, butcommon permissions.


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The first information found on an NTFS volume

is the boot sector. The boot sector starts at sector

0 and can be up to 16 sectors long. It consists of

two structures:

y The BIOS parameter block, which contains

information on the volume layout and file system

structures.

y Code that describes how to find and load the startup

files for the operating system being loaded

(Boot sector is a special area of a disk that stores

essential files the computer accesses during start-up)


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NTFS FILEATTRIBUTES

Every allocated sector on an NTFS volume

belongs to a file. Even the file system metadata is

part of a file. NTFS views each file (or folder) as a

set of file attributes.

Elements such as the file's name, its security

information, and even its data, are all file

attributes. Each attribute is identified by an

attribute type code and, optionally, an attribute

name.ex. Standard information, attribute list, filename,,

security descriptor, data, object ID, index root, index

allocation, bitmap etc.

Disk Partitioning( FAT, NTFS)

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