Disinfection with Ultraviolet Light:Callum Peck – Market Manager / Industrial - Oceania

AHSCA WA CHAPTER Information Evening Wednesday 22 July 2015

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APPLICATIONS

• Drinking water • Cooling Towers (Legionella)• Pools – Reduce Chloramines / Smell• Water Features• Ice Makers

How does it work ?

• UVA: 315 - 400 nm • UVB: 280 - 315 nm • UVC: 200 – 280 nm • Vacuum UV: 100 – 200 nm

sun tanvitamin D – Tasty vegetables

germicidalOzone production

Inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms due to photo-oxidation of DNA

Effects of UV irradiation on DNA

Di m e r

D i m e r

UV-light h•v

The Mechanism – UV Disinfection

UV produce Dimers between Thymine bases;

Stop Enzymes from working

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Common Pathogens

Kind

ColiformsSalmonellaVibrioLegionella

Hep APolioRotavirusAdenovirus

Group

BACTERIA

VIRUSES

Disease

DiarrhoaeFever, intestinal diseaseTyphoid fever, CholeraPneumoniaLegionaires disease

HepatitisPolioFever

GiardiaCryptosporidiumAmoeba

PROTOZOA (PARASITES)

Intestinal diseaseAmebiasis

Common pathogens in drinking and wastewater

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Is UV effective?

Facts :

Bacteria : Complete inactivation can be achieved by Chlorine, Chlorimines, UV

Viruses : Chlorine, UV , Ozone : 4 Log

Cryptosporidium : UV : 4 Log Ozone : 0.5 – 2 log Chlorine dioxide

0.5-1 log Chlorine :

ineffective

Key Differences between UV and Chlorine

Advantages UV versus Chlorine

• No by-products (low pressure lamps) • No change in taste and odour.• You cannot overdose UV.• Low dose required for Crypto, Giardia and Legionella• Better for the environment

Disadvantages UV versus Chlorine

• No residual left – contamination after UV will not be treated • Some viruses need a high UV dose

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Australian Drinking Water Targets (2011 report)

Dose/Ct1 Log reductions

Virus Bacteria Protozoa

Coagulation, sedimentation and filtration

1 1 3

Slow sand filtration 2 2 3

Coagulation and microfiltration

2 3 3

Ultrafiltration 2 3 3

Chlorine 10 mg.min/L 2 4 0

20 mg.min/L 4 4 0

UV light 55 mJ/cm2 1 4 4

110 mJ/cm2 2 4 4

1 Log = 90% 2 Log = 99% 3 Log = 99.9% 4 Log = 99.99%

Can UV Replace Chlorine ?

Both are useful for water treatment

• When UV is installed at the point of use for immediate consumption (rain water tank, inlet of a house, irrigation) chlorination is either not required or reduced.

• When water shall be distributed in pipelines ( township for example) , to avoid a potential recontamination after UV, a chlorine residual is required.

Where to install UV if I also need chlorination?

• UV shall preferably be installed BEFORE Chlorination • To avoid chlorinated compounds to stick on the UV system• To prevent partial chlorine destruction by UV.

UV Design

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CERTIFIED UV Dose Requirements

UV Dose for

4 log (99.99%)

Inactivation

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1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm

90% 81% 73% 65% 60% 60%100%

UV Transmission

The UVT is the available UV light after part of the light has been absorbed by water – Expressed in %

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Typical Values For UV Transmission

Type of water Typical UV transmittance(1 cm) @ 254 nm

Ultrapure water ≥ 98%

Drinking water – Rinse water 75 – 96%

Rainwater 70 – 90%

Stormwater harversting 40 – 65%

Treated wastewater : Secondary treated effluentPrimary treated effluent

45 – 60%20 – 45%

Water Corporation design standard

80%

Most manufacturers indicate a flow based on a UVT of 98% This UVT is not to WA standards

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UV Dose – What protocol shall I consider ?

Standard Calculated (PSS) dose

• No third party verification • Open the door to any supplier (ex: non validated Chinese reactor with Russian lamps)

ONORM – DVGW validated units

• Drinking water only • All serious manufacturers have a range of ONORM – DVGW certified reactors ( Validation required by Water Corporation)

USEPA 2006 validated units

• Drinking and recycled water • The USEPA recommend doses for Crypto , Giardia and Virus (Validation required by Water Corporation )

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WEDECO UV systemsacc. to internationaldrinking water regulations

AHSCA

INFORMATION NIGHT

ADVANCED PUMP TECHNOLOGIES (APT)

ADRIAN NICHOLAS – BDM COMMERCIAL BUILDING SERVICES

July 2015

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Why variable speed drives

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Pumps are stupid

Pumps don’t know flow…Pumps don’t know pressure… Pumps don’t know temperature…

They deliver as much flow as they can based on the system characteristics.

Attention

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Q

H

System Curve

= operating point

H = HeightQ = Flow

Q

H

Pump Curve

If a pump is working with full speed in a plant, the working point at maximum flow is the intersection of the pump curve and the plant curves. If a lower flow is required, you can use different methods.

Q

H

Basic pumping curves

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P= 8,5 x 11,8 x 73 = 73 100P=13,4x7 = 93,8

Conventional control methods

throttle control bypass operation ON/OFF operation

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Speed controlled pumps

Intelligent Pumps– Saving Energy

Control mode is the way the variable speed is controlled in the application

• The advantage of a frequency converter is that we can control the speed of the pump in an intelligent way, such that the speed corresponds to the actual demand in the application.

• The actual demand or control method could be: – Constant Pressure– Constant differential pressure– Proportional pressure– Proportional differential pressure– Constant flow– Constant temperature

The advantage of the frequency converter is that it can make a fixed speed pump into a variable speed pump with optimum performance in all duty points. Example:

QH curve, variable speed pump

Example: Constant pressure

Intelligent Pumps – Saving Energy

Control modes

Open loopOr constant curve

Constant pressureConstant differential pressure

Constant pressure with stop Proportional differential pressure

Constant flow Constant levelConstant temperature

Intelligent Pumps– Saving Energy

An example: Fixed Speed Pump

• A fixed speed water supply pump has a Hnom = 3 bar at Qnom

• The flow has to be controlled by a throttle valve• By reduced flow the pressure will increase to more than 5 bar

Required pressure = 3 bar

Q

H

Reduced flow

Fixed speed

Pressure at Fixed speed pump solution

= 5 barExcesspressure

System

Nominal flow Qnom

The advantage of a frequency converter

INTELLIGENT PUMPS – Saving Energy

An example: Constant pressure control• A speed controlled pump automatically adapt the pump performance to the actual need. • The flow is reduced by lowering the speed of the pump• The pressure is constant 3 bar

Variable speed

Freq.conv.

M

PIController

Set point

Senso

r

Required pressure = 3 bar

Q

H

Reduced flow

Fixed speed

Pressure at Fixed speed pump solution

= 5 barExcesspressure

System

Nominal flow Qnom

Pressure at Variable speed pump solution = 3

bar

The advantage of a frequency converter

INTELLIGENT PUMPS – Saving Energy

1.34 kW

0.43 kW

An exampleIf the pump is a ESV 5-8With Hydrovar VSD:

By reduced flow the power consumption isreduced with 43%!

0.75 kWReduced with 43%

The advantage of a frequency converterESV 5-8

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this savings are possible because of fundamental rules for centrifugal pumps.

the reduction of the speed provides:

u a lowering of the flow acc. to the linear functionu a reduction of the head according to a quadratic functionu and a reduction of the power consumption acc. to a cubic function!

compared with other common control systems like bypass valves, reduction valves or interrupted operation the speed reduction provides significant energy savings at partial load

Fundamental rules – affinity laws

DP1:53,1 m3/h

DP2:21,2 m3/hDP3:15,6 m3/h

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Overview about daily water consumption

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BANG !• to avoid water hammer which occur during

stopping of a full speed pump

Pressurein pipe

Direct on-line Start

Switch-Off time

Full speed

Speed controlled

Repeated pressure spikes reduces the lifetime of a system

The soft start and stop of a speed controlled pump avoids pressure peaks and prevents pipe fractures

Reduction of maintenance costs

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Reduction of space

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BeforePractical example: Realized project

Afterwards

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• Lowering of the noise of the pump and in the system at reduced speed

Other advantages of operating a pump at reduced speed

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General Product Introduction

LOWARA HYDROVAR

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General arrangement of a speed controlled pump system

Pump

VFD(power part)

Power supply (50Hz)

Sensor (P.T.)

Pump specificsoftware(control part)

Controller(control part)

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VFD totally enclosed IP55

Control by microprocessor designed for pump

applications

Centrifugal pump

Sensors for actual value

Integrated drive: all components – one unit

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HYDROVAR: what is the difference?

HYDROVAR is not only a simple speed controller which can be mounted directly onto the pump.

HYDROVAR means more than that – it is an intelligent pump control system that manages the motor speed and match pump performance to a range of hot and cold water applications.

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Simple mounting

HYDROVAR – Installation

Thanks to the very simple mounting method by using the 4 mounting clamps, a very fast and easy mounting is possible also for existing pump stations (retrofit market)!

The Hydrovar can be mounted and installed on each standard three-phase asynchronous motor!

Advanced Pumps Hydro-Boost

APT Hydro-Boost VSD Options

HydroBoost -GHVHYDROVARMotor-Mounted VSD.Limited to 22kW.Up to 6 pumps.

HydroBoost -GVTouch Screen HMIExternal-Mounted VSD.Unlimited kW.Up to 6 pumps.1 x VFD or ALL x VFD

HydroBoost -GSSM30 HMIDOL or Soft-Starting.Unlimited kW.Up to 3 pumps.

APT take raw pumps and package into Complete Solutions.

PACKAGE TYPES

• Potable Water Packages

• Irrigation Packages

• Wastewater Pump stations

• HVAC Packages

• Raw Water Supply Packages

• Fire Pump Packages

MARKET TYPES

• Building Services Hydraulic Specification

• Water Corporation Specifications

• Mining Specifications

• Irrigation Specifications

Our Local “Value-Add” Capabilities

Designed

& Built in

WA

APT Hydro-Boost Custom Solutions

APT Hydro-Boost Custom Solutions

Hydro-Boost + -Cartridge Filter -UV Treatment -PVC Manifolds

APT Custom (Container) Solutions

Advanced Pump Technologies

Complete Pump and Packaged Pump System Supply

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Thank you

Any Questions?

PLEASE VISIT

www.buildings.xylem.com

www.advancedpumps.com.au

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