DISEASES

WHAT IS A DISEASE ?

A pathological condition of a part, organ, or system of an organism resulting from various causes, such as infection, genetic defect, or environmental stress, and characterized by an identifiable group of signs or symptoms.

CONTENTS

SWINE-FLUDENGUEDISEASES BASED ON SMOKING

SWINE-FLU SUB-TOPICS WHAT IS SWINE FLU ? CAUSING AGENT SYMPTOMS INCUBATION PERIOD PREVENTIVE MEASURES STATISTICS

STATISTICS

PLACE CASES DEATHSMaharashtra 3590 195

New Delhi 3364 46

Tamil Nadu 1524 6

Karnataka 1392 112

Andhra Pradesh 797 52

SWINE-FLUSwine influenza, also called pig

influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV ) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.

CAUSING AGENT

1)Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds an mammals.

2)Typically, influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus. Influenza can also be transmitted by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Airborne aerosols have been thought to cause most infections, although which means of transmission is most important is not absolutely clear.

THERE ARE

3 TYPES OF INFLUENZA

Influenza A : The most serious type with the most acute symptoms. It is also the most common form, usually breaking out every two or three years.

Influenza B: Similar symptoms to type A, but not as serious. The outbreaks happen every four to five years.

Influenza C:The mildest type, with symptoms similar to a cold .

SYMPTOMS

1) High Fever2) Cough3)Running Nose4) Sore Throat5) Body Pains6) Headache7) Shivering8) Diarrhea (Sometimes)

INCUBATION PERIOD

1 WEEK

PREVENTIVE MEASURES As prevention is better that cure, let us

know the possible precaution and preventive measure that can be taken to make sure not to get effected by this natural bio-terrorist. As there are chances of spreading this Flu viruses when people with influenza cough or sneeze, everyone should make a special effort to avoid contact with potential virus carriers.

Better stay at home if you are sick and take the advice of your physician if illness continues.

Cover your mouth and nose with tissues when you sneeze or cough and dispose them properly. Practice good personal hygiene and make sure you use surgical masks and gloves and other sanitary products when you are stepping out of your home.

DENGUE

SUB-TOPICS WHAT IS DENGUE ? CAUSING AGENT SYMPTOMS INCUBATION PERIOD PREVENTIVE MEASURES STATISTICS

STATISTICSPLACE NO.OF.CASESNEW DELHI 886

KERALA 713

GUJARAT 424

RAJASTHAN 326

WEST BENGAL 314

TAMIL NADU 306

MAHARASHTRA 226

KARNATAKA 65

ANDHRA PRADESH 59

HARYANA 79

WHAT IS DENGUE ?An acute, infectious tropical

disease caused by an virus transmitted by mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.

CAUSING AGENT Aedes aegypti

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever, Chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, and other diseases.

The mosquito can be recognized by white markings on legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the thorax. The mosquito originated in Africa but is now found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world.

INCUBATION PERIOD

8 – 10 DAYS

SYMPTOMS

1)Fever 2)Headache 3)Muscular and Bone Pain

  4)Nausea and vomiting   5)Loss of appetite   6)Increased sensation to touch   7)Change in taste sensation

8)Symptoms maybe milder in children than in adults

Severe abdominal pain, Change in temperature, Restlessness  Signs of circulatory failure Bleeding or hemorrhagic manifestations including:  Skin bleeds that appear as blotchy red patches

called - Petechiae  Bleeding from Nose or Epistaxis Bleeding from gums  Bleeding from Stomach - appearing as blood in

the vomit Decrease in the blood platelet count

(Thrombocytopenia)

PREVENTIVE MEASURES The prevention of dengue requires control or eradication of

the mosquitoes carrying the virus that causes dengue. To prevent mosquito bites, wear long-sleeved shirts, long

pants, socks and shoes when outdoors. For personal protection, use mosquito repellant sprays that

contain DEET when visiting places where dengue is endemic. “Aedes” mosquitoes usually bite during the day. Therefore,

special precautions should be taken during early morning hours before day break and in the late afternoon before dark.

  Eliminate stagnant water that serve as mosquito breeding sites at home, workplaces and their vicinity. 

Using mosquito nets at home and patients need to be kept under mosquito netting until the second bout of fever is over and they are no longer contagious.

Use Mosquito Repellents for Eradicating Mosquitoes.

DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING

INTRODUCTION

The chemicals and toxicants in tobacco smoke damage DNA, which can lead to cancer. Nearly one-third of all cancer deaths every year are directly linked to smoking.

Exposure to tobacco smoke quickly damages blood vessels throughout the body and makes blood more likely to clot. This damage can cause heart attacks, strokes, and even sudden death.

The chemicals in tobacco smoke inflame the delicate lining of the lungs and can cause permanent damage that reduces the ability of the lungs to exchange air efficiently and leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

CHANGES IN THE BODY

1. Smoking Effects on Lungs – Lung Cancer can occur to smokers. When a person smoke then tobacco makes blockage in lungs, and gradually it develops lung cancer. Smoking creates huge un-natural elements in lungs. Smoking is the reason of uncontrolled growth the group of cells, and it is called cancer.

2.  Smoking Effects on Respiratory System – Smoking badly effects on respiratory system. Smoking can cause of dangerous diseases like; Asthma, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, emphysema, feeling out of breath, pneumonia, cold and flu.

3. Smoking Effects on Digestive System– Smoking creates harmful effects on digestive system. It creates peptic ulcers, gallstones, stomach cancer, and heart burn.

4. Smoking Effects on Brain – Intoxication increase the blood pressure and mind tissues work as faster as they can. Brain goes to the un-conscious level at the time of intoxication and it kills essential tissues of the brain. Nicotine and intoxication elements make blockage in the supply blood brain tube and it cause dangerous diseases. It can also cause of blood clotting in brain.

5. Smoking Effects on Skin – Smoking badly effects on human skin. It can cause of aging, wrinkles, scarring and capillaries on the skin. Smoke kills the active cells of skin and it creates problem to people.

6. Smoking Effects on Hands – Smoking make poor the blood circulation in hands. Smoking effects can cause of cold fingers, hand pain and tar stained fingers.

7. Smoking Effects on Legs – Smoking effects badly on legs. Smoking creates problems in leg and it leads to gangrene, leg pain and Beurger’s disease.

8. Smoking Effects on Eyes – Smoking badly effects on eyes. It can cause of glaucoma, cataract, and redness in eyes.

9. Smoking Effects on Teeth and gums – Smoking major effects on teeth and gums. It leads to gingivitis, plaque, bleeding gums, losses teeth and other gum diseases.

10. Smoking Effects on Mouth – Smoking creates bad effects on mouth. It leads to soar throats, smelly breath, and less sense of taste.

11. Smoking Effects of Nose – Smoking effects on Nose. Nose gets loss of smell problem.

PRECAUTIONS

NON SMOKERS: Never share a room with a passive

smoker. Never try to breathe smoke from

industries Stay away from smokers We should increase the awareness

of diseases

TREATMENT

Ransdermal patches (which stick to your skin), available in formulations that release nicotine for either 16 hours or 24 hours

Chewing gum that is available with either 2mg or 4mg of nicotine

Inhalators, which look like plastic cigarettes through which nicotine is inhaled

Tablets and lozenges, which are placed under your tongue

Nasal spray, which passes nicotine through the lining of your nose

Side effects skin irritation when using patches irritation of nose, throat or eyes

when using a nasal spray disturbed sleep, sometimes with

vivid dreams upset stomach dizziness headaches

STATSTICS

It is estimated that around 30 deaths per day are caused from passive smoking

It has been proven that a passive smoker living with someone that smokes has a 25% increased chance of dying from a heart attack or stroke then if they didn't live with a smoker.

Passive smoke can have a lot of effects on someone like, headache, cough, sore throat, dizziness, eye irritation, and nausea. 

CONCLUSION Chronic Bronchitis, asthma Emphysema, heart

disease, are not only crippling to the person that suffer from them but their families suffer too. As does society because these individuals are taken out of the job market and while their body's can't function their brains are generally unaffected. What a waste! The numbers of these sufferers rises every year. And with air pollution on the rise and global warming with climate change the future looks bleak. The one effective treatment for this problem is a n all out campaign to stamp out smoking. Especially in children in their formative years, They are spending billions to stamp out illegal drugs which of course, is a major problem but not one penny to eradicate a totally preventable affliction on our society. And the tobacco companies spend millions every year to lure the kids in.

A FRIENDS PRESENTATION