Diseases

CephalgiaCluster headaches

Cause: predominantly stress

Symptoms: Pain in the head that feels like throbbing, squeezing, constant, unrelenting or intermittent.

● location may be in one part of the face or skull, or may be generalized involving the whole head.

EcchymosisBruising

Cause: Trauma causing ruptured blood vessels

Symptoms: Discoloration of the skin; may be blueish, purplish, yellowish, or greenish depending on the stage of healing

HematomaAn abnormal collection of blood outside of a blood vessel

Cause: predominantly due to trauma to the area affected

Symptoms: Large lump under the skin that is swollen and inflamed.

OligodendrogliomaType of brain tumor formed from oligodendrocytes

Causes: potentially related to a chromosomal defect

Symptoms: common symptoms are seizures, headaches, and personality changes

NecrosisDeath of body tissue

Causes: can be from injury, radiation, or chemicalsSymptoms:

● Swelling and pain at the site of infection● Change in skin color from red to brown to black● Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge

(pus)● Fever and feeling unwell● A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when

pressed

Gangrenous (Gangrene)It is caused by a loss of blood supply due to an underlying illness, injury, and/or infection.

Causes: can be from injury, radiation, or chemicalsSymptoms:

● Swelling and pain at the site of infection● Change in skin color from red to brown to black● Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge

(pus)● Fever and feeling unwell● A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when

pressed

PruriticItchy

Cause: Varies. Typically topical and related to accompanying dermatological ailments

Symptoms: Feeling itchy

EncephalitisInflammation of the brain

Causes: viruses, bacteria, parasites, chemicals, and even autoimmune reactions

Symptoms:

● Confusion, agitation or hallucinations. ● Seizures. ● Loss of sensation or paralysis in certain areas of the

face or body. ● Muscle weakness. ● Double vision. ● Perception of foul smells, such as burned meat or rotten

eggs

HemiparesisWeakness of one side of the body

Causes: Typically caused due to a stroke

Symptoms: Weakness of one side of the body, facial drooping, balance/ coordination/ mobility defects

IctericWhites of the eyes are jaundiced

Causes: due to hyperbilirubinemia - an excess of bilirubin in the blood. The liver is not effectively filtering blood.

Examples: Inflammation of the liver, inflammation of the bile duct, obstruction of the bile duct

Symptoms: Yellow tinge to the skin and the whites of the eyes, Pruritis, Fatigue, Abdominal pain - typically indicates a blockage of the bile duct, Weight loss, Vomiting, Fever, Paler than usual stools, Dark urine

SpondylolisthesisA condition in which one vertebra slides forward over the bone below it

Causes: A defective joint that you've had since birth (congenital); A joint damaged by an accident or other trauma; A vertebra with a stress fracture caused from overuse of the joint; A joint damaged by an infection or arthritis.

Symptoms:Back or buttock pain; Pain that runs from the lower back down one or both legs; Numbness or weakness in one or both legs; Difficulty walking; Leg, back, or buttock pain that gets worse when you bend over or twist

LevoscoliosisThe curvature of the spine to the left side of the body

Causes: Predominantly congenital

Symptoms: back pain and/or changes in posture; postural changes can include: one shoulder higher than the other, a protruding shoulder blade, or uneven hips.

OsteoporosisWhen bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue

Causes: typically a result of hormonal changes, or a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. Can be due to specific medication usage.

Symptoms: bones become weak and may break from a fall, or in more serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps

HemarthrosisBleeding into joint spaces

Causes: typically associated with patients who also have hemophilia. Also can be due to trauma or injury.

Symptoms: Inflammation around the affected joint; Pain or tenderness upon palpation; The area can appear red and warm to the touch; Tingling sensation; Difficult movement or reduced range of motion in the affected joint; Excessive bruising around the joint

OsteoarthritisJoint disease that mostly affects cartilage

Causes: Being overweight; Getting older; Joint injury; Joints that are not properly formed; A genetic defect in joint cartilage; Stresses on the joints from certain jobs and playing sports.

Symptoms: Stiffness in a joint after getting out of bed or sitting for a long time; Swelling or tenderness in one or more joints; A crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on bone.

RhabdomyosarcomaCancer of soft tissues, more specifically of muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bone marrow.

Causes: Some believe it’s hereditary, but the cause is still up for debate

Symptoms:

● A persistent lump or swelling in part of the body.● Bulging of the eye or a swollen eyelid.● Headache and nausea.● Trouble urinating or having bowel movements.● Blood in the urine.● Bleeding from the nose, throat, vagina, or rectum.

PolymyositisInflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of the body

Causes: Unknown, but shares many characteristics with autoimmune disorders

Symptoms: The muscle weakness in the hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms, and neck

Myasthenia GravisChronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles

Causes: defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles

Symptoms: muscles that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, and swallowing are most frequently affected first

PolymyalgiaPolymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders.

Causes: Unknown. Theories backing genetics and environmental exposure as possible reasons though.

Symptoms: Aches or pain in your shoulders; aches or pain in your neck, upper arms, buttocks, hips or thighs; stiffness in affected areas, particularly in the morning or after being inactive for a long time; limited range of motion in affected areas; pain or stiffness in your wrists, elbows or knees (less common)

TorticollisA rare condition in which the neck muscles contract, causing the head to twist to one side.

Causes: Infection/Trauma

Symptoms: Symptoms include a limited range of head motion, headache, or neck pain.

Term Break Down Competition

Term Break Down● Myasthenia Gravis● Levoscoliosis● Polymyositis● Spondylolisthesis● Rhabdomyosarcoma● Icteric● Osteoarthritis● Hemiparesis

● Hemarthrosis● Encephalitis● Osteoporosis● Pruritic● Gangrenous● Necrotic● Oligodendroglioma● Ecchymosis

● Cephalgia● Hematoma● Torticollis● Polymyalgia