Disease Case StudyBy: Francesca Reid

Infectious: Influenza

Cause and TransmissionEvery year the virus influenza (flu) changes its appearance to trick the body's immune system. sometimes the flu will copy one of the a pervious form, the people who were infected with it the first time will be immune to it the second time. Every 30 odd years there is a big change that can cause panic, this is called a shift.  Influenza is transmitted from person to person through sneezing and coughing. When a person breathes in the virus they become infected. The person infected will feel the symptoms from 1-3 days later.

Symptoms

 some symptoms of influenza: Shivering Aching in arms, legs and back Headache Aching eyes A sore or dry throat Cough Running nose Vomiting Upset stomach Diarrhoea Tired and weak

Treatment

 the treatment for a flu shot is a vaccination. It is important that you are vaccinated frequently because it is constantly changing itself.

The vaccination is made out of a dead pathogen and is injected to help the white blood cells create more antibodies to fight off the disease.

Prevention

 there is no cure for influenza for it is always changing to fool the body's defences. Sometimes the flu shots will not always work, but it is still a good idea to have a vaccination. However ways to prevent getting the flu is: Try to avoid close contact to

infected people Avoid touching eyes, nose or

mouth Practice good health habits Wash hands often

Incidence time: the most common time for a flu is at the beginning of winter in the colder months Place: Influenza spreads widely across the globe with outbreaks somewhere in the world at any given time. The location of the world's most concentrated number of cases can vary year to year.  Age: the first recording of a major influenza was in 542 AD and it was the plague of Justinina, but influenza would have been around for hundreds of years.

Non-Infectious: Diabetes (type 1)

Cause and Transmission

Type 1 diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin, which is needed to absorb  glucose from the blood. This is due to destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, the immune system attacks and destroys them, when it should be protecting the body from any harmful viruses and bacteria but instead it attacks the body's own cells. It is more likely to get type 1 diabetes when you are above the age of 40. Diabetes can also be caused from hereditarily problems.

Symptoms Treatment

the treatment for type 1 diabetes is injecting insulin into your blood stream multiple times a day. it also includes a strict diet and planned physical activity along with blood glucose testing a number of times a day.

Prevention

 there is currently no cure for diabetes and it is very hard to prevent getting type 1 diabetes. But some risk factors that could contribute to diabetes is:• Being over 40 • Have a close relative with diabetes • Having gestational diabetes when

pregnant • Having pre diabetes • Having heart disease or having had

a stroke• Being overweight• Smoking • Doing little physical activity• Having high blood pressure

Incidence

time: all year round Place: it is more likely to get diabetes if you are aboriginal or Torres strait islander. Also if you are from Asian, Middle east, North African or Southern European descent.

Bibliography - Family health history- www.diabeteswa.com.au- www.phlex.org- www.diabetes.co.uk - www.medicalnewstoday.com - www.flu.gov