Disease Case StudiesBy Roya Ali

Infectious Disease

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It can spread very easily

You can get chickenpox from an infected person who sneezes, coughs, or shares food or drinks

It is also possible if you touch the fluid from a chickenpox blister

Chickenpox isn't contagious until the blisters have crusted over

Cause and Transmission

When you are infected with the chickenpox you don’t usually have symptoms until 2-3weeks after contact

Chickenpox generally starts with a feeling of tiredness, fever and swollen glands

Soon after it is followed by the outbreak of a rash over the next 3-5 days The rash first appears as red spots, which develop into crops of small

blisters over the chest, back, tummy or face They then soon appear on the rest of the body. The blisters are extremely

itchy, but the good thing is that the rash doesn’t leave any scars unless the scabs are scratched

A fever may also develop along with the rash The first symptoms of chickenpox are often a fever, a headache, and a

sore throat. You may feel sick, tired and not very hungry The chickenpox rash appears about 1 or 2 days after the first symptoms

start It could take 14 to 16 days to get the symptoms of chickenpox after you

have been around someone with the virus.

Symptoms

Most healthy children and adults need only home treatment for chickenpox

Home treatment includes resting and taking medicines to reduce fever and itching

You can also soak in oatmeal baths to help with the itching

People with long term diseases or health problems may need more treatment for chickenpox

They may need immunoglobulin treatment (IG)

Treatment

You can prevent chickenpox by getting the chickenpox vaccine

If you have been around a person who has a virus and you have no had chickenpox or the vaccine, you still may be able to prevent the illness by getting a shot of chickenpox antibodies right away

In rare cases, people who have had the vaccine still get chicken pox, and a few people who have already had chickenpox get it again

Prevention

Age: The most common age to

get chicken pox is under the age of 12

People who are older than 12 can still develop chickenpox

Place: Chickenpox is most

common in early spring and late winter.

It occurs in most countries throughout the world.

Its most common in the countries that do not have the vaccination to prevent the disease from occurring

Incidence

http://www.webmd.com/vaccines/tc/chickenpox-varicella-topic-overview?page=2

http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/chickenpox.html

http://www.ask.com/question/where-in-the-world-is-chickenpox-most-common

Websites

Non-Infectious Disease

Type 1 Diabetes

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown

Type 1 diabetes has a strong family link and cannot be prevented

It has nothing to do with lifestyle, although maintaining a healthy lifestyle is very important in helping to manage it

Cause and Transmission

Some symptoms with type 1 diabetes are: Being excessively thirsty Passing more urine Feeling tired Always feeling hungry Having cuts that heal slowly Itching, skin infections Blurred visions Unexplained weight loss Mood swings Headaches Feeling dizzy Leg cramps

Symptoms

Treatments for type 1 diabetes is a lifelong commitment, you need to do the following:

Take insulin(can be administered by a syringe, insulin pen or insulin pump)

Exercising regularly Maintaining a healthy weight Eating healthy foods Monitoring blood sugars The goal is to keep your blood sugar levels as

close to normal as possible to prevent complications

Treatment

Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented Doctors cannot tell who will get it or who

wont

Prevention

Age: Type 1 diabetes can

occur at any age Commonly

diagnosed in children, adolescents or young adults

Place: Very common in

Europe(Finland & Italy) especially northern Europe

Incidence

http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/en/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes/Type-1-Diabetes/

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1-diabetes/DS00329/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000305.htm

Websites