Lesson: 23

Discussion on emerging issues in organizational Renewal

Context for Planning Planning The first sub process of programming in which a continuing sequence of educational activities are carried out by the adult education organization to establish and maintain linkage with target learner systems and stakeholders to collaboratively identify, assess and analyze the educational needs of the target learner system. Two Distinct Dimensions of Planning

1. The organization and its renewal process 2. The identification of and linkage with its target publics/learner systems through

collaboration with learners and their leaders in needs identification, assessment and analysis.

Organizational Renewal Organizational renewal involves reexamination by the adult education organization of:

• The needs of its current and emerging policies • Its own functions, structure, and processes as related to its mission/vision, values,

philosophy and goals/objectives Processual Task Defined A processual task is a process in which the adult educator defines an outcome that needs to be accomplished, specific to a programmatic situation, and then selects and implements conceptually driven actions, leading to the achievement of that outcome. The Organization and its Renewal Process 6 Processual Tasks for the Educator Adult educators must:

• Acquire and maintain a thorough understanding of the functions of the adult education organization with particular emphasis on its mission/vision, values, philosophy and goals/objectives.

• Acquire and maintain an in-depth understanding of the organizational structure of

the adult education organization with particular attention given to understanding the division of responsibilities with respect to job groups; inter organizational

relationships; lines of communication; and how the expertise and resources of the organization can be accessed and utilized in the total programming process and in particular, the planning sub process.

• Acquire an understanding of the adult education organization's management system and practices with particular emphasis on the management and supervision of personnel, personnel appraisal, staff development, evaluation and accountability.

• Acquire and understanding and appreciation of the adult education organization’s

culture and, importantly, how to relate to it.

• Acquire and maintain an understanding of, and the skills needed to implement, the adult education organization’s programming process.

• Maintain a sensitivity and commitment to the use of feedback obtained and

lessons learned in the implementation of the programming process in assessing the adult education organization’s effectiveness and relevancy in meeting the changing educational needs of its mission-mandated publics and in using these evaluative results to effect needed organizational renewal.

Linkage Linkage may be defined as the temporary blending of two or more systems through planned and sustained interaction in such a way that they act as a unitary system in order to accomplish mutually agreed-upon goals. Linkage with Publics Five Elements of Linkage

• Scanning and interpreting the organization’s external environment. • Study, analysis and mapping of the organization’s potential publics based on its

mission and resource availability. • Identifying and ranking target publics and stakeholder groups. • Identifying and interfacing with leaders of target publics and stakeholder groups. • Collaborating with leaders of target publics and stakeholders to identify, assess

and analyze needs specific to target publics.

Illustration of Linkage in the Planning Process Adult Education Linkage Target Public Organization Learner System

Blend to become as one system for a common purpose

Collaborative Needs Identification, Assessment and Analysis

Objectives of Linkage

• To initiate collaboration between the educator, leaders of target publics and stakeholders in identifying, assessing and analyzing the educational needs of the target public.

• To motivate and obtain a firm commitment from the target public to actively engage in the planned program.

• To build a relationship of trust between the educator, the target publics and stakeholders

• To create a learning environment that will aid in empowering the target public • To enhance and maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of the education

organization and its educators in planning for and effecting positive planned change in its target learner systems.

Linkage and Volunteers Volunteers can provide a vital link in the linkage process and should not be overlooked. Your volunteers may be in a position to move the process faster and further than the adult educator can. Given proper guidance and assistance, volunteers can and will make a difference in your programming. Mapping Mapping is that element of the linkage process by which the adult educator identifies and delineates learner groups and systems to be served by the adult education organization.

Criteria for Mapping

• Maintaining a constant interaction with the societal context (acting on and reacting to it);

• Providing alternatives to meet the problems of mapping evolving out of new environmental forces;

• Having the ability to recognize those parts of the organization that are responsive to mapping;

• Having an arrangement for preserving or propagating successful experiences

Target Public (Learner System) An identified public/learner system toward which the adult education organization focuses its efforts in facilitating and effecting planned change. Depending on its mission, the adult education organization may have multiple target publics. Public may be defined as a group of people who:

• Share common interests and identity. • Manifest frequent or continuous interactions • Spatially distributed over a small area or territory, and community

Common Characteristics of a Community A group of people with:

• Shared interests, attitudes, goals and/or activities • Common identity • Frequent and continuing interaction • Living in an identifiable territory or space that can be mapped

Stakeholders Individuals, groups, organizations, or agencies, that has an interest/stake in the well being of the target public. Examples of stakeholders include employers, social service providers, schools, religious groups, volunteers, politicians, and health care providers. Often have a vested interest in the affairs of the target public whether real or perceived May be indigenous to and/or external to the target public Conceptual Approaches to Mapping Social System Analysis Social Stratification Social Differentiation Cultural Analysis

Political subdivisions and health and human services determinants Social System A group of people whose interactions are directed toward goal attainment and guided by patterns of structured and shared symbols and expectations. (Loomis 1960) Elements of a Social System

• Beliefs (knowledge) • Sentiments (values) • Ends or Objectives • Facilities • Status role • Power • Norms • Social rank • Sanctions

Processes that hold the Social System together

• Communication • Boundary maintenance • Socialization • Institutionalization • Systemic linkage • Social control • Processes • Basic Social Systems • Family • Neighborhood • Community • County • Church • Special interest groups (formal and non-formal/organizations)

Social Stratification Social stratification is a functional system of grouping people within a society generally based on income, education, wealth and cultural heritage. Social class is a manifestation of ranking and grouping through the social stratification process. Social Phenomena that Collectively Lead to Stratification

• Income level

• Occupation • Education • Genealogy • Reputation • Aspirations • Historical development

Social Differentiation A process of differentiating and sorting people out within a social class or social system by gender, age, education, occupation, marital status and other distinct characteristics Criteria Used for Social Differentiation

• Role • Age • Sex • Ethnic background • Socioeconomic status

Culture A way of life of a definable group of people. It includes all learned and expected ways of life shared by members of a society, as well as buildings, tools and other physical things. (Within a culture, there are subcultures) Cultural Analysis In-depth study of a social grouping’s way of life that is transmitted from one generation to another, and thus forms, among other factors, a source of knowledge, beliefs, sentiments and values. Identification of Leaders and Stakeholders with the Target Public Objectives:

• To identify those persons who are influential among the target public • To understand the characteristics and behaviors of these key leaders. • Approaches to Identifying Leaders • Positional approach • Reputational approach • Personal Influence approach • Decision-making approach • Social Participation approach • Interfacing with Leaders of Target Publics • Two immediate goals exist:

• Interfacing with these leaders and engaging them in meaningful discussions is a key to building trust

• Building trust begins the process of collaborative needs identification, assessment, analysis and eventual consensus

Source: http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee521/class04/aee521class5.ppt Reference for Unit 2:

1. Human Resource Management, Dessler Gary, Prentice hall India 2. Human Resource Management, Text & cases, “Excel Books” V.S. P Rao 3. Human Resource Management- A managerial tool for competitive management,

Lawrence. S Kleiman 4. Application in Human Resource Management, Cases, Exercises and Skill

Builders, Stellar M. Nkomo, R Bruce McAfee, Myron D Fottler

5. Human Resource and Personnel Management, Text & Cases, K.Aswathappa, Tata McGraw Hill

6. Human Resource Management, John M Evancevich, Tata McGraw –Hill 7. Excellence through human resource management, M.R.R.Nair, T.V.Rao, Tata

McGraw-Hill 8. Principles and Practices of Management, L.M. Prasad, Sultan Chand and Sons