Discussion of A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan by
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Discussion of
A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan
by
Edward Daeschler – Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
Neil Shubin – University of Chicago and the Field Museum
Farish Jenkins – Harvard University and Museum of Comparative Zoology
Nature
440:757-763
BIO101, Oct. 26, 2011
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Serious questions remain in the evolution of animals.
How did terrestrial animals with four-legs (tetrapods) evolve from marine animals with fins?
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Big evolutionary transition!
Major changes in morphology (legs vs. fins) and respirationMany more smaller changes (ears, head shape, etc.)
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Lobe-Limbed FishSarcopterygians – Living members include coelacanths, lungfish and tetrapods!
Rod-shaped bones with muscles in the pectoral finsnot simple rays supporting a very thin fin
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Big evolutionary transition!
?
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tiktaalik.uchicago.edu
Should be able to find transitional species
Transitional species should beapproximately 365-375 MYA
Middle to late Devonian age
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Where are mid-to-late Devonian rocks exposed on the surface?
In addition:sparsely populatedfreshwater in Devonian
Three sites in North America,only one was largely unexplored
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Welcome to Northern Canada!
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Welcome to Northern Canada!
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Fossil Site
Part of the Fram Formation
Laid down in late Devonian
Alternating sandstone and siltstone layers. Probably a meandering stream.
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Fossil Site
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Fossil Site
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Fossils
28 partial fossils of this species found.
Each gets a name NUFV 108 through NUFV 135 (Nunavut Fossil Vertebrate Collection)
Three were fairly complete, with skulls and pectoral girdles and articulated
NUFV 108 is the holotype
All specimens are currently in the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ontario
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Ancestral Characteristics
Body was covered in scales
Dorsal view
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Ancestral Characteristics
True fins
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Ancestral Characteristics
Gills
Ceratobranchial Element
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Ancestral Characteristics
Probably had lungs too (like coelacanths and lungfish)
Large Gular Plates
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Derived Characteristics
Flat skullEyes are more on top of the head, not on the sides
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Derived Characteristics
Flattened Ribs
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Derived Characteristics
Functional, flexible neck.
Pectoral girdle (collar and shoulder bones) are tetrapod-like.
Loss of opercular, subopercular and extrascapular bones.
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Derived Characteristics
Wrist bones
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Derived Characteristics
Wrist bones
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Tiktaalik as a Transitional Species – Derived Characteristics
Wrist bones
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Tiktaalik Ecology
Life in shallow water has it’s advantages
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Tiktaalik PhylogenyEvaluated 114 morphological characteristics for Tiktaalik and others
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Tiktaalik PhylogenyEvaluated 114 morphological characteristics for Tiktaalik and others
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