Spanish Civil War

Discuss with partner:What is a coup? (If you have no clue, talk to someone who thinks they may know.)What are some advantages and disadvantages of a coup? What would be an expected outcome?What was happening in the world in the 1930s?What effect did this have on other countries?

Which one is correct? 1.Cooh detat2.Cugh di ta3.Coup dtat4.Cuhp deh t5.Coh deta

Spanish Civil War(La Guerra Civil Espaola)La EspaaSpain was going through many consecutive years of political unrest, power struggles, and changes in leadership.(e.g. in 1931, Alfonso X allowed for the first free elections in 60 yearswhen he saw people were voting for a republic instead, he fled into exile to avoid violencenew leaders scrambled for positionopposed the ChurchCortes (the Parliament) rejected reformthere was a failed coupdifferent radical leaders gained poweretc.)This led to national instability, opposition, and insecurity among the people.

There were multiple political parties that had a huge following and distributed support.Big elections in 1936 put the Loyalist Republican party in charge of SpainManuel Azaa (leader of the Second Republic) was put in charge of the RepublicansHe helped to organize a coalition of political parties who were united in beliefs about reform and how to restore order to the countryThey joined together to form the Popular Front

La EspaaRadical Azaa pushed his abundant reforms and created much controversy.Some particular reforms spurred unforeseen national crisis:He transferred many right-wing military leaders to Spanish posts outside of the country***He introduced agrarian reforms that penalized the land aristocracy

Origins of warSpain had a military post in Morocco ***Azaa had sent Spanish General Francisco Franco there to run it..Franco organized troops and began a COUP in MoroccoIt failed This failed coup created enough political unrest to lead to scattered uprisings and a bloody civil warso was it really a failure?

Loyalist Republican Party

The existing Spanish GovernmentLed by President Manuel Azaa of the second Spanish Republic Supported by urban workers/laborers, educated middle class, as well as militant anarchists and communists

THE NATIONALISTS

Led by Franco was an extremist right wing general who:Was opposed to the current Loyalist Republican Party led by Manuel AzaaWas in support of a Fascist, Anti-communist governmentWanted a Nationalistic, unified SpainSupported by military, landowners and businessmen

WarWith the support of several key generals Francos Fascist army had the means to begin a full scale coupJuly 17, 1936

The Fascists brutally attacked Southern Spain beginning in Andaluca and making its way to Madrid.

By September 29, 1936 Franco became the leader of the government and the Fascist movement in Spain.

Map of Spain July 1936

Map of Spain Oct.1936

Foreign SupportFrancos Fascist army was supported by Hitlers Nazi Army and Mussolinis Fascist army.Franco traded Spains natural resources, i.e. (iron, ore and copper) for Germanys and Italys weapons.Azaa received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as International Brigades (volunteers from US and Europe)Spanish Civil War veteran.

Map of Spain May 1938

Map of Spain Feb. 1939

War In 1937 Mussolini sent 70,000 forces to aid the Fascist army.Hitler sent his support by providing the German Luftwaffe (German air force) to attack Basque Village in Spain.

Guernica (El Bombardeo de Guernica)On April 27, 1937 the Luftwaffe attacked the town of Guernica in Basque VillageThis attack lasted for over three hours and killed or wounded 1,600 civiliansGuernica burned for three days.

Guernica by PicassoPicasso was stunned by the horrible images of the attack sketched the first images for the mural he will call GuernicaThis mural toured Europe and America to raise consciousness about the threat of fascism that was being spread by Franco and his armyGuernica by Picasso

Bombing of GuernicaEnd of the WarDespite foreign aid, two years of fighting had not resulted in much gain for either party. By mid-1938 there had been over 200,000 deaths. In September 1938, the Munich Conference allowed Hitler to annex parts of Czechoslovakia to Germanywithout Czech consent! The world started to focus on Hitlers actionsleaving Franco free to invade Madrid in March 1939. The nation surrendered to Franco, and the Civil War was over. Key Vocab TermsGuernica by PicassoLuftwaffeLa Guerra Civil de EspaaEl Bombardeo de GuernicaLoyalist Republican Party

QuizWhich groups of people supported Francos Fascist movement?Think of any modern day events that are similar to what transpired in Spain during 1937 and TELL ME WHAT THEY ARE!Why did Picasso paint Guernica and how is this painting still applicable to today?