Discovering the Universe

Discovering the UniverseA Multimedia Project by Dennis Culver

Table of Contents

Credits

Table of Contents

Planets Stars Galaxies

OtherMoons

Planets

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter

Saturn Uranus PlutoNeptune

Comparison Graph

Mercury• Mercury is the first

planet from the Sun• 36 million miles from

the Sun• The daytime

temperature can get up to 800°F and -300°F at night

• Takes 88 days to go around the Sun

• Surface is rocky and covered in craters

Back to Planets Menu

Venus• Venus is the second

planet from the Sun• 67 million miles from the

Sun• Daytime temperatures

can reach 900°F• Has strongly acidic rain• Venus spins in the

opposite direction of Earth

• A day is longer than a year on Venus


Earth• Earth is the third

planet from the sun• About 93 million

miles from the Sun• Only planet with

liquid water• Takes 365 days to

revolve around sun• Only planet that has

life forms


Mars• The fourth planet

from the Sun• 142 million miles

from the Sun• Known as the Red

Planet• Takes 687 days to go

around the sun• The surface is very

dusty and contains iron


Jupiter• The fifth planet from

the Sun• 483 million miles from

the Sun• The biggest planet in

our solar system• Made mostly of gas• Famous for its “Red

Spot,” which is actually a storm

• Over 1,000 Earths could fit inside it


Saturn• The sixth planet from

the Sun• 887 million miles

from the Sun• Has many visible

rings made of dust and rock

• Nine times wider than Earth

• Made mostly of gas


Uranus• The seventh planet

from the Sun• 1,784 million miles

from the Sun• Has vertical rings• Spins on it’s side • Made mostly of gas


Neptune• The eighth planet

from the Sun• 2,800 million miles

from the Sun• Many storms on the

surface• Made mostly of gas• Has the fastest winds

of any planet in our solar system, reaching 1,200 miles per hour


Pluto• The ninth planet

from the Sun• 2,750-4,583 million

miles from the Sun• Smallest planet in

our solar system• Very cold surface• Some say it is too

small to be a planet


Comparison Graph

Distance from the Sun

010002000300040005000

Planet

Dis

tan

ce (I

n m

illio

ns

of m

iles)

Series1


StarsYellow Dwarf

Red Dwarf Red Giant Blue Giant

Super Giant

White Dwarf

Brown Dwarf

Neutron Star

Yellow Dwarf Star• The sun is a yellow

dwarf• Younger type of star• One million Earths

could fit into a star this size

• Extremely small compared to other stars

Back to Stars Menu

Red Dwarf Star• Most common

type of star• Small• Very faint• Cool surface

temperature compared to other stars

Back to Stars Menu

Red Giant Star• Stars of this type

are very old• 20 times bigger

than the sun• Usually orange in

color• Much brighter

than our sun

Back to Stars Menu

Blue Giant Star• A very huge star• Very hot• Burns helium, the

type of gas in balloons

• Extremely bright• Much of the light

energy they give off cannot be seen by our eyes

Back to Stars Menu

Super Giant Star• Largest known

type of star• Some could be as

large as our entire solar system

• Very rare• Eventually

become black holes

Back to Stars Menu

White Dwarf Star• Small and hot• The remains of a

red giant star• About the size of

Earth, but much heavier

• Very compacted star

Back to Stars Menu

Brown Dwarf Star• Not very bright• Too small to

create much energy

• Not very hot• A smaller type of

star

Back to Stars Menu

Neutron Star• Very compact stars• About 12 miles wide• Has same amount of

mass as the sun• Are created after a

supernova occurs• Can cause objects

called pulsars

Back to Stars Menu

GalaxiesSpiral

Elliptical

Irregular LenticularActive

Cluster

Spiral Galaxies• Our galaxy is a

spiral galaxy• A third of all

galaxies are spiral• Has two or more

curved arms made of stars

• Contains billions of stars

Back to Galaxies Menu

Elliptical Galaxies• Shaped like an

oval or circle• Contain old red

stars• Stars are not as

closely packed as other galaxies

• Many different sizes


Irregular Galaxies• No real shape• Stars and other

objects are scattered• The smallest type of

galaxy• Caused by other

nearby objects disturbing the gravity or by colliding galaxies

• Young galaxies


Lenticular Galaxies• Shaped like a lens• Have little

material inside them

• Contain older stars

• Similar to spiral galaxies, except no arms


Active Galaxies• Called active

because they give off large amounts of energy

• Could have black holes at their centers

• Can give off radio, x-ray, and other waves


Cluster Galaxies• Contains many

galaxies grouped together

• Can contain thousands of galaxies

• Filled with large clouds of hot gas

• Gives off x-rays


MoonsEarth’s Moon

Mar’s Moons

Jupiter’s Moons

Saturn’s Moons

Pluto’s Moon

Uranus’ Moons

Neptune’s Moons

Comparison Graph

Earth’s Moon• Earth’s only moon• Revolves around

the Earth• Causes tides with

Earth’s oceans• Has several

phases• Covered in craters

Back to Moons Menu

Mar’s Moons

Phobos Deimos

Back to Moons Menu

Jupiter’s Moons

Back to Moons Menu

•Adrastea

•Amathea

•Callisto

•Europa

•Io

•Ganymede

•Metis

•Thebe

•Lida

•Himalia

•Lysithea

•Elara

•Ananke

•Carme

•Pasiphae

•Sinope

•Many more

CallistoEuropa

Ganymede Io

Saturn’s Moons

Back to Moons Menu

•Atlas

•Calypso

•Dione

•Enceladus

•Epimetheus

•Helene

•Hyperion

•Iapetus

•Janus

•Mimas

•Pan

•Pandora

•Phobe

•Prometheus

•Titan

•Tethys

•Rhea

•Talesto

Titan

Rhea

Uranus’ Moons

Back to Moons Menu

•Ariel

•Belinda

•Bianca

•Caliban

•Cordelia

•Cressida

•Desdemona

•Juliet

•Miranda

•Oberon

•Portia

•Puck

•Rosalind

•Sycorax

•Titania

•Umbriel

•Ophelia

Ariel

Miranda

Neptune’s Moons

Back to Moons Menu

•Despina

•Galatea

•Larissa

•Naiad

•Nereid

•Proteus

•Thalassa

•Triton

Triton

Pluto’s MoonCharon

Back to Moons Menu

Comparison GraphNumber of Moons for Each Planet

0 0 1 2

60

18 178

10

10203040506070

Planet

Nu

mb

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of

Mo

on

s

Series1

Back to Moons Menu

Other

Black Holes Supernovas Asteroids

Comets Nebulae

Black Holes• Created when a star

dies• Has very strong gravity• Sucks in objects and

materials from space• Not completely

understood• To see a video model

of a black hole in action, click here (QuickTime needed)

Back to Other Menu

http://www.spaceref.com/tools/vi.html?id=139&cat=blackholes&imgs=movie

Supernovas• Occurs when a star

runs out of fuel and dies

• Huge explosion• Rare in our galaxy• Huge amount of

energy released• To see a video model

of a supernova, click here

Back to Other Menu

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html

Asteroids• Big pieces of rock

with minerals• Form a belt

between Mars and Jupiter

• Many different sizes and shapes

• Thousands in our solar system

Back to Other Menu

Comets• Made of dirty ice

and dust• Well known comet

is Haley’s comet• Are far away from

the Sun most of the time

• Comets can have more than one tail

Back to Other Menu

Nebulae• Large clouds of

dust and gas• Caused by dying

stars, what is left over

• Gives off light energy

• Can form many different shapes

Back to Other Menu

CreditsPictures from:Sun-http://www.kansaswindpower.net/Sun%20latest_eit_304_full-6-24.gif

Mercury-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/mercury.jpg

Venus-http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/public/venus.jpg

Earth-http://www.astro.washington.edu/weblinks/Earth/earth.gif

Mars-http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/world/images/mars.jpg

Jupiter-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/jupiter.jpg

Saturn-http://nexus.polaris.net/services/image-archive/space/saturn/saturn.jpg

Uranus-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/uranus.jpg

Neptune-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/neptune.jpg

Pluto-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/pluto.jpg

Back to Title Page

CreditsPlanets-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/

pluto.jpgMoon-http://www.astrosurf.com/re/moon-03.jpgGalaxy(title

page)-http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/images/d6/m31x.jpgStars-http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rhill/alpo/images/stars.jpgBlack

hole-http://www.ohiou.edu/researchnews/info/gallery/images/miscellaneous/BLACKHOLE.jpg

Supernova-http://nexus.polaris.net/services/image-archive/space/interstellar/supernova.jpg

Universe(title page)-http://www.twosteptidewater.com/photo-album/universe.jpg

Pictures from:

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CreditsRed giant-http://www.sciam.com/media/inline/00016086-7CBA-

1C72-9EB7809EC588F2D7_arch1.gifSupergiant-http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0012/

supergiantsim_freytag.jpgWhite

dwarf-http://library.thinkquest.org/12523/media/Star_WD.gifBrown

dwarf-http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/labs/star_life/images/browndwarf.jpg

Neutron star-http://zhengjian.org/news_images/2002-11-24-neutronstar2.jpg

Spiral galaxy-http://www.spacetoday.org/images/DeepSpace/Telescopes/GreatObservatories/SIRTF/M81spiralgalaxySpitzer.jpg

Pictures from:

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CreditsElliptical

galaxy-http://www.geocities.com/newastronomy/Chapter13_files/image004.jpg

Active galaxy-http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2000/37/images/a/formats/web.jpg

Irregular galaxy-http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jmi/images/ngc6822.jpgLenticular galaxy-http://mt.sopris.net/mpc/biol/v/lenticular.galaxy.jpgCluster galaxy-http://www.exn.ca/news/images/1998/01/12/19980112-

galaxycluster.gifBlack hole-http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/screen/heic0409a.jpgAsteroid-http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/hires/gal_0202562000.gifComet-http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/news/comet/Ikeya-Zhang.jpgNebula-http://archives.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/02/01/

hubble.ant.nebula/large.ant.nebula.jpg

Pictures from:

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Phobos-http://www.sai.msu.su/ng/solar/mars/mar_sat/fobos/phobos.jpgDeimos-http://gw.marketingden.com/planets/images/fullsize/deimos.jpgCallisto-http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/

callisto3_gal_big.jpgEuropa-http://www.morgenster.org/foto/europa.jpgGanymede-http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/barnes/ast110/gwas/

ganymede.jpgIo-http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/outerp/io-enh.gifTitan-http://evula.org/solarsystem/Resources/Titan.gifRhea-http://www.planetary.org/saturn/images/sc5km_rhea.jpgAriel-http://www.lowell.edu/online_newsletter/spring_03/ariel.jpgMiranda-http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/ceps/etp/uranus/uranimg/

URAN_P29524.jpgTriton-http://www.wcsscience.com/neptune/triton.JPG

CreditsPictures from:

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Information from:

Credits•http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/b/bl/blue_giant.htm

•http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml

•Supernova video-http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html

•Black Hole video-http://www.spaceref.com/tools/vi.html?id=139&cat=blackholes&imgs=movie

•Miles, Lisa and Smith, Alastair. The Usborne Internet Linked Book of Astronomy and Space. Usborne Publishing Ltd. : London, 2001.

•Ridpath, Ian. Astronomy: How We View Our Solar System and The Universe Beyond. W.H. Smith Publishers: New York, 1991.

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