Disclaimer:The materials presented in this report are for information purpose only. The readers will be responsible for making their own assessment of the matters discussed and are advised to verify all relevant representations, statements and information, and obtain independent advice before acting on any information contained in or in connection with this report.It is to be noted that the study was designed and implemented before the district reorganization took place in Telangana State and therefore unable to provide reliable data for newly organized districts. This document is published with financial support from UNICEF Hyderabad Field Office, Centre for Good Governance and Government of Telangana do not guarantee the accuracy of the data presented, or the findings, interpretations, conclusions expressed in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.The document and its contents are intended for public use and reproduction in parts or quoting its findings, etc. can be done with proper attribution.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Acknowledgement v

2. Abbreviations vi

3. Executive Summary vii

4. Introduction 01 4.1 Background on Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam 01

4.2 Background on Citizen Feedback Survey 03

5. Methodology 04 5.1 Stages of study 04

5.2 Limitations of the study 05

6. Findings 06 6.1 General Information 07

6.2 Beneficiary Profile 07

6.3 Awareness Levels 08

6.4 Application Process 09

6.5 Payment Process 16

6.6 Benefits & Impact from the scheme 21

6.7 Beneficiary perceptions 25

7. Summary & Conclusion 27

8. Suggestions 28

Annexures 30 9.0 GO Ms. No. 12 regarding Kalyana Lakshmi scheme 30

9.1 GO Ms. No. 18 regarding changes in certain procedures of Kalyana Lakshmi scheme 32

9.2 Data tables for Kalyana Lakshmi survey 34

9.3 Questionnaire for Citizen Feedback Survey for Kalyana Lakshmi 55

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: District wise overall beneficiaries of Kalyana Lakshmi 01

Figure 2: Distance of bride’s village from Mandal Hq. 07

Figure 3: Education profile of brides - Caste & location wise (N=3453) 08

Figure 4: Bride’s Occupation – State average (N=3453) 08

Figure 5: Average age of the bride across caste & location (in years) 09

Figure 6: Age bracket of the bride at the time of marriage (in percent) 09

Figure 7: Bride parent’s occupation 11

Figure 8: Percentage of beneficiaries segregated by parent’s annual income 11

Figure 9: Extent of landless -Districts wise 12

Figure 10: House ownership of beneficiaries (in percent) 13

Figure 11: Housing condition of beneficiaries (in percent) 14

Figure 12: Percentage of beneficiaries having awareness about scheme & its eligibility conditions 15

Figure 13: Percent of beneficiaries mentioning sources of information reg. KL scheme 15

Figure 14: Percentage of beneficiaries who saw the type of publicity materials on KL scheme 15

Figure 15: Percentage of applications submitted before/after marriage 16

Figure 16: Percentage of beneficiaries expressing difficulty at application stage 17

Figure 17: Percentage of beneficiaries stating the kind of difficulties faced during application stage 17

Figure 18: Percentage of respondents who incurred expenses during application process 17

Figure 19: Miscellaneous details of beneficiaries 19

Figure 20: Percentage of beneficiaries opening the bank account for the scheme 19

Figure 21: Percentage of responses for time taken to receive the payment 20

Figure 22: Location of the marriages (in percent) 23

Figure 23: Source of marriage loans (in percent) 23

Figure 24: Utilization of the monetary assistance for different purpose 23

Figure 25: Impact of scheme on selection of groom, timely decision & expenses for marriage (in percent responses) 25

Figure 26: Beneficiary Suggestions about the scheme 26

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Coverage of Kalyana Lakshmi till April 2016 01Table 2: Timelines on various stages of CFS 05Table 3: Details of sampled beneficiaries for Citizen Feedback Survey 06Table 4: Education level of bride’s parents 10Table 5: District wise number of respondents with parent’s annual income 12Table 6: Extent of landless beneficiaries (N=1506) 13Table 7: Average amount and days spent under various heads during application process 18Table 8: Percentage of cases where field verifications were done 18Table 9: Gaps in knowledge regarding amount payable to beneficiary under the scheme (in percent) 19Table 10: Average expenses incurred for payment release (in Rs.) 20Table 11: Average marriage expenditure (in Rs.) - District and category wise 21Table 12: District and category wise average loan taken for marriage (in Rs.) 22Table 13: Percentage of beneficiaries rating the scheme on various parameters 25Table 14: Details of the sample beneficiaries 34Table 15: Sample beneficiaries segregated by parent’s annual income 34Table 16: Percentage of brides - by Education level 35Table 17: Percentage of brides - by Father’s Education level 36Table 18: Percentage of brides - by Mother’s Education level 37Table 19: Percentage of Brides - Occupation wise 38Table 20: Percentage of Brides - Parent’s Occupation wise 39Table 21: Percentage of Brides with land ownership & housing condition 40Table 22: Percentage of Brides with moveable assets ownership 41Table 23: Details of bride’s family details, parent’s income and bride’s age 42Table 24: Location of marriage held 43Table 25: Acquaintances with influential people, Linkages with Govt. schemes and Banking 44Table 26: Awareness and sources of information about the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme 45Table 27: Penetration of the publicity materials 46Table 28: Application process- timing and by whom 47Table 29: Application process- timing and by whom 48Table 30: Expenses incurred during application process 49Table 31: Expenses incurred during application process 50Table 32: Expenses incurred during payment process 51Table 33: Utilization of financial assistance under various heads 52Table 34: Marriage expenses and Loan details 53Table 35: Beneficiary Feedback 54

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V

1. Acknowledgement

@ 2017This document presents the results from the Citizen Feedback Survey on ‘Kalyana Lakshmi’, a welfare scheme implemented by the Government of Telangana. The document has been prepared to facilitate exchange of knowledge on implementation status and benefits of the scheme.

Overall Study CoordinatorMr. K. Nelson Royal, Monitoring & Evaluation Expert, CESS - UNICEF

Technical Research Team (Govt. of Telangana)Sri A. Sudershan Reddy, Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES)Dr. V. Subramanyam, Ex-Director, DESMr. Syed Saleemuddin, Assistant Director, DES Mr. G. Rajendra Kumar, Deputy Statistical Officer, Planning DepartmentScheduled Caste Development Department and Tribal Welfare DepartmentAll district field staff of DES

Technical Research Team (Centre for Good Governance)Dr. B.M. Naidu, Associate Director, Evaluation Research GroupDr. Bhaskara Rao, Social Development Expert, CESS - UNICEFMr. D. Rajeshwar, Research Associate

Technical ReviewSmt. Grace Saroja, Director, Planning DepartmentDr. Urvashi Kaushik, Research and Monitoring Specialist, UNICEF

Overall guidanceSri B.P. Acharya, IAS, Special Chief Secretary, Planning DepartmentSri Deepak Kumar Dey, Social Policy Specialist, UNICEF Hyderabad Field Office

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AD Assistant DirectorASO Assistant Statistical Officer ATM Automated Teller MachineBC Backward CasteCFS Citizen Feedback SurveyCGG Centre for Good GovernanceCPO Chief Planning Officer CSO Civil Society OrganizationsDES Directorate of Economics and StatisticsEBC Economically Backward CasteGO Government OrderGOTS Government of TelanganaIEC Information, Education and CommunicationKL Kalyana LakshmiMPSO Mandal Planning & Statistical OfficerMRO Mandal Revenue OfficerRCC Reinforced Concrete CementSC Scheduled CastesSO Statistical OfficerST Scheduled TribeUNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

2. Abbreviations

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3. Executive Summary

Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam, a popular welfare schemes introduced by the Government of Telangana (GoTS) on 2nd October 2014 provides a onetime financial assistance of Rs.51,000 for the marriage of single women belonging to SC/ST communities, with a combined annual parental income of less than 2 lakh, with a vision to alleviate financial distress to their famillies. Recently, the scheme has been extended to the BC communities as well, starting on the 1st April 2016 with a few revisions. The budget allocation for Kalyana Lakshmi has steeply increased from a modest Rs.67.21 cr. in 2014-15 to Rs.738 cr. in 2016-17. The total beneficiaries reached till April 2016 were 65997 brides, out of whom 42,483 belong to SC communities and 23,514 belong to ST communities across 2389 villages in 459 Mandals across Telangana.

The newly formed Government of Telangana is committed to demonstrate results, good governance and undertake multidimensional growth & inclusive development in the state. Receiving citizen’s feedback on public services is an excellent initiative to demonstrate the sincere effort of the government’s commitments to make all the services pro-citizen in the state. By collecting feedback on the quality and adequacy of public goods and services from actual users, Citizen feedback reports provide good evidence and instigate a proactive agenda for communities to engage in conversations with service providers and the concerned line departments to improve the delivery of public services. The Government of the Telangana State has decided to undertake the Citizen Feedback Survey (CFS) for their social welfare schemes to understand the perception of the beneficiaries, the implementation hurdles and impacts the areas of improvement. In this regard, the Planning Department has decided to undertake the CFS for the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme to start with.

Findings of the studyA total of 3457 sample beneficiaries (5.2 percent) were interviewed from the total beneficiaries through systematic random sampling and in proportionate representation of actual beneficiaries. The beneficiary data reveals that 89 percent of the sample beneficiaries were from rural villages and the rest 11 percent were from urban areas. Similarly, 62 percent were SC beneficiaries and the rest 38 percent were ST beneficiaries. Among the districts, Mahbubnagar, Karimnagar and Nalgonda had more SC beneficiaries, while ST beneficiaries were more in Khammam, Adilabad and Warangal.

Looking at the distance of the village / residence of the brides from the Mandal headquarters, it may also be noted that 35 percent of ST-Rural and 25 percent of SC-Rural were located more than 10 kms from the Mandal headquarters. Hence, we can infer that the scheme has reached even the beneficiaries located far off from the Mandal headquarters.

The education qualifications of the sampled brides across the state (both SC & ST beneficiaries) revealed that 40.1 percent of brides were illiterate. As per Census 2011, there were 55.3 percent of combined SC & ST female population that were illiterate at the State level. Out of the sampled brides, a higher proportion of ST-Rural brides

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(44.5 percent) were illiterate, compared to that of the SC-Rural brides (39.1 percent).

About 11.5 percent of SC Rural beneficiaries and 9.3 percent of ST-Rural beneficiaries were found to have a degree and above qualification. Almost negligible proportion of brides, irrespective or caste or location possessed skill oriented certificates / job oriented diplomas.

Majority of the brides parents were illiterate (75 percent among the fathers of the brides and 89.2 percent of mothers of the brides). Again, a higher proportion of parents of ST-brides from rural areas were illiterate among the sample beneficiaries (81 percent of Fathers and 92 percent of Mothers).

Both parents of the brides seem to be involved in low-income and un-skilled work. Based on the response, 49.7 percent of the bride’s mothers and 37.6 percent of the bride’s fathers at the State level were involved in agricultural labour.

The most common occupation of the brides that were interviewed under the study was housewifery (51.7 percent of SC and 44.6 percent of ST overall; 74 percent of SC-Urban and 67 percent of ST-Urban in particular). Apart from being a housewife, the brides in the rural areas were mostly involved in a agricultural labour or were students, while in urban areas, the majority section of brides were either domestic helps or students.

The average age of the brides at the time of the marriage amongst the Scheduled Caste beneficiaries was reported to be 22.5 years, whereas for the Scheduled Tribe was 21.5 years. Most of the brides across both the castes and the rural/urban areas were married at the age of 18-24 years. It may be noted that 23 percent of SC-Urban brides got married in the age group of 25-29 years and 8 percent of them were married in the age group of 30 years or above.

The parent’s combined annual income as reported by 67 percent of respondents (both SC & ST included) falls under the income bracket of Rs.60,000 to Rs.1,50,000. Out of the 3457 sampled beneficiaries, 30.1 percent of SC beneficiaries (645) and 27.6 percent of ST beneficiaries (363) fall below the annual income of Rs.60,000. Also, 54 beneficiaries (2 percent) belonging to SC-Rural areas reported to have a combined parental income below Rs.24,000 per annum. Similarly, 30 beneficiaries (1 percent) mostly from ST-Rural and SC-Urban have reported to have more than Rs.2.0 lakh of combined annual income.

There are 17 percent of beneficiaries having irrigated land, 38 percent having rainfed land and 44 percent are landless beneficiaries. Out of the total 1506 landless families, 73 percent belonged to the Scheduled Caste and 27 percent belonged to the Scheduled Tribe community. Around 46 percent of the SC-Rural and 27 percent of ST-Rural beneficiaries were landless, while 87 percent of urban beneficiaries (both SC & ST) were reported to be landless.

It may be noted that 93 percent of SC beneficiaries and 97 percent of ST beneficiaries possess their own house. Further, majority of the bride’s parents have RCC roofed houses (44 percent by SC, 43 percent by ST), followed by tiled house (29 percent by SC, 26 percent by ST). A significant number of beneficiaries (34 percent SC & 31 percent ST) from urban areas live in tin houses, which in the context of urban scenario

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are considered as poor housing. About 7 percent of the SC-Rural beneficiaries and 12 percent of ST-Rural beneficiaries were reported to be living in thatch roofed house.

When asked about the awareness with regard to the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, a good 98 percent of beneficiaries confirmed affirmative. But when asked about the eligibility conditions for applying for the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, 65 percent of beneficiaries could answer only three or more eligibility conditions of the scheme out of five conditions. In case of ST-Urban beneficiaries, their knowledge levels about the scheme details seemed to be even lesser (56 percent).

Regarding the major source of information about the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, friends / neighbors (57 percent), parents / relatives (44 percent) and self (25 percent) were most prominent.

TV and Newspapers seem to be the prominent publicity channels witnessed by the respondents. The other modes of public awareness such as pamphlets, street plays, public events, wall paintings etc., seem to have been rarely or not used.

Around 75 percent of the overall beneficiaries have applied only after the marriage while close to 90 percent of the beneficiaries in Khammam, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda have applied before their marriage.

Overall, 56 percent of the respondents expressed that getting the eligibility documents required for filing the application was most difficult process. Around 96.5 percent of the respondents overall reported that they incurred expenses during the application stage. An average of Rs.1,918 was incurred by a ST beneficiaries and Rs.1,754 by SC beneficiaries. This means around 4 percent is spent to access the financial incentive of Rs.51,000 under the scheme. Apart from the cash spent, beneficiaries have also reported to have spent around 21.7 days at state average towards accessing the scheme.

About 72 percent of SC respondents and 75 percent of ST respondents confirmed that the field verification process took place. It is reported that 19 percent of SC-Urban beneficiaries have close acquaintances with relatives / friends in influential positions. On an average, 60 percent of the total beneficiaries had applied for the first time to any state government schemes, especially urban beneficiaries from SC (68 percent) and ST (66 percent). Thus, the scheme has helped in social inclusion of the under-served communities to the state government schemes.

Around 59 percent of the total participants have received the amount after 1-3 months of applying. However, there are a few respondents (3.3 percent) who also reported to have received financial assistance after six months of the application. Although only 2.5 percent of sample beneficiaries at the State level reported to have incurred expenses towards disbursement of financial assistance, the amount spent by them is quite exorbitant, i.e. Rs.4,742 on an average.

The marriage expenditure on an average for all the sample households was about Rs.2,74,191 (Rs.2,65,964 for SCs and Rs.2,87,609 for STs). Amongst the districts, the lowest average marriage expenditure was reported in Khammam by SC-Urban beneficiaries (Rs.1,68,259) and the highest average marriage expenditure was

x

reported in Rangareddy district (Rs.5,32,667 by ST Urban beneficiaries).

At the State level on an average, the bride’s parents have taken Rs.1,46,945 loan for the wedding. Among the district an average amount of Rs.67, 897 loan was reported by the STs in Adilabad district and an amount of Rs.2,68,219 loan was reported to be taken by the STs in Rangareddy district.

Money lenders, friends and relatives together provided marriage loans to an extent of 93 percent of the sample households. Out of the sample beneficiaries, only a 2 percent reported to have had taken loans from banks, while as many as 48 percent sample households have taken loans from money lenders, obviously, at very high rate of interest. About 42 percent of beneficiaries have used the financial assistance from the scheme to repay their loans.

More than a quarter (26 percent) of the brides used the scheme’s assistance to purchase ornaments (a kind of asset formation) and 2 percent have made fixed deposits in the name of the bride. Further, 16 percent of beneficiaries have used the money to pay for the ‘gifts to the bridegroom’.

At the state level, the bride’s parents have taken Rs.1,46,945 loan for the marriage.

On an average, the least amount of loan of Rs.67,897 was by the ST’s in Adilabad district and the highest loan amount of Rs.2,68,219 was taken by the ST’s in Rangareddy district.

ConclusionThe scheme is saving the bride’s families from the agony of the informal credit taken at exorbitant interest rates on account of expenses that are culturally incumbent. With financial assistance, the scheme empowered the bride and their families to take better decisions in regard to choice of the bridegroom, timely arrangement of the marriage and the overall expenses for the wedding. The survey findings also revealed that the poorest of the poor beneficiaries such as landless and those having an annual income of below Rs.75,000 got benefitted from the scheme.

Currently, the source of information about the scheme is mostly through friends or relatives. Awareness about the scheme needs wide publicity using different mediums, Panchayats and Government staff. On an average, each applicant reported to have spent around Rs.1,800 towards different stages of the scheme such as obtaining certificates, filing the application and amount disbursement. On an average each beneficiary family had to spend over 20 days to attend the application processes and procedures.

The financial assistance is primarily catering to repayment of the loans taken for marriage purpose. Except for the complexities during application process, the beneficiaries had expressed satisfaction towards the scheme.

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Recommendations• Through high ‘satisfaction’ ratings, the scheme demonstrated the superiority

of the unconditional cash transfer subsidy. The Government may explore pros and cons of cash transfers and in-kind subsidies, since the latter involves high administrative expenditure and lower beneficiary satisfaction.

• Absence of institutional credit for marriage expenditure is forcing the poor to go for the informal credit. The Government may like to direct the cooperatives and SHG institutions to extend the credit to the marriages and other ‘unproductive yet important causes’ at a low interest rate.

• Income declaration is often under-cut by the households to meet the eligibility conditions. A more holistic wealth ranking of the beneficiaries can be done based on additional parameters and certification from SHG-Village Organizations and Panchayat Raj Institutions. The checklist for exclusion used by Socio-Economic and Caste Census 2011 suggests 14 parameters, could be included under this scheme.

• The issue of proper targeting, identification of the most vulnerable and certification /verification of documents can be resolved through the services of the SHG-Village Organizations and Panchayat Raj Institutions, who have complete information about the applicants.

• Timelines may be fixed for each stage of application process and wide publicity may be given about the timelines and the responsibility of the officials, so that the beneficiaries do not visit the offices unnecessarily.

• Instead of just online application form, the whole process could be done online which may include verification report, sanctioned, remarks and follow-up actions to be taken regarding a particular application. This will help in realistic tracking of the status of application & payment and to bring accountability.

• The recently announced changes regarding distribution of cheques by the people’s representatives in a public function is a good initiative. It will bring more transparency and make the officials more accountable.

• In reference to the recent orders that “Only MROs will process & verify the applications received under Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam, instead of present system of processing and verifying by Deputy Director / District BC Welfare Officer of the Backward Classes Welfare Department”, this is a good move. The survey findings revealed lapses in field verification process, leading to delays. But the field verification should be done by Village Accountant along with PRI representatives.

• It is noticed that beneficiaries inciurred expenses both at application and payment stage, especially towards furnishing the eligibility documents and to the middlemen. This is apart from the opportunity cost incurred due to loss of working days as well. These can be avoided by streamlining the process and bringing transparency to further ease the burden on the bride’s parents.

• The father and mother of ST brides are found to be mostly illiterate among the sample beneficiaries. Hence, we feel the awareness campaigns should target ST parents of adolescent girls in particular. This is more relevant in the context of revised guidelines of Kalyana Lakshmi, where in the beneficiary would be the mother of the bride.

• Most of the brides have been reported illiterate and don’t have any income oriented skills and qualifications. Such brides could be identified from each district and encouraged to be part of the skill development initiatives.

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4. Introduction

4.1 Background on Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam

In Indian context, the girl child face discrimination since they are conceived and are vulnerable during different stages of their life due to deep rooted social norms and mindsets such as dowry, caste system and inheritance laws. One of the manifestations of the discrimination against women is the low sex ratio in the country. The child sex ratio (CSR) of 0-6 years age group in the country has been decling from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001, and to 918 in 2011. The scenario is almost same in Telangana, albeit with different degree. The child sex ratio in the state has declined from 957 in 2001 to 932 in 2011.

The girls and their parents are particularly vulnerable at the time of the marriage due to patriarchal cultural relations, which also includes the practice of dowry. Because of this reason, parents plan from the girl’s birth and save considerable amounts for their daughter’s marriage. Majority of the girl’s parents also take loans, invariably from the informal sources of credit at relatively higher rate of interest, to meet the marriage expenditure. Girl’s marriages usually adversely affect the financial condition of their families for longer periods. Due to financial constraints, parents often make compromises on the choice of bridegrooms and also delay marriages. Although there are several schemes initiated by the Central and State Governments towards survival, education and healthcare of the girl child, a little has been done to support the girl’s parents at the time of her marriage, a crucial moment of her lifetime.

Figure 1: District wise overall beneficiaries of Kalyana Lakshmi

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Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam, a popular welfare scheme introduced by the Government of Telangana (GoTS) on 2nd October 2014, provides a onetime financial assistance of Rs.51,000 for the marriage of single women belonging to SC/ST communities, with a combined annual family income of less than 2.0 lakh, with a vision to alleviate financial distress to the family. Beneficiaries to be eligible need to fulfill the following criteria (a) the unmarried woman must belong to SC/ST community. (b) The unmarried woman shall be a resident of Telangana State. (c) The unmarried woman should have completed 18 years of age at the time of Marriage. (d) The combined income of the bride’s parents shall not exceed Rs.2,00,000/- per annum. (e) The marriage of the SC/ST girl shall be on or after October 2, 2014.

Recently, the scheme has been extended to the BC communities as well with effect from 1 April 2016, with a few revisions. Kindly refer the Annexure-1&2 for the GOs pertaining to this. The status of coverage of Kalyana Lakshmi is given at Table 1. The budgetary allocation for Kalyana Laksmi has steeply increased from modest Rs.67.21 cr. in 2014-15 to Rs.427.04 cr. in 2015-16 and Rs.738 cr. in 2016-17.

The status of coverage of Kalyana Lakshmi till the receipt of data i.e. April’16 is given below:

Table 1: Coverage of Kalyana Lakshmi till April 2016

Sl.No.

District Name No. of Mandals

No. of Villages

No. of beneficiaries Population as perCensus 2011

% of beneficiaries to the total population

SC ST Total SC ST SC ST

1 ADILABAD 52 305 4012 4322 8334 488596 495794 0.82 0.87

2 HYDERABAD 16 2 1277 94 1371 247927 48937 0.52 0.19

3 KARIMNAGAR 57 311 6156 715 6871 709757 106745 0.87 0.67

4 KHAMMAM 41 271 3645 4544 8189 462896 765565 0.79 0.59

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 64 393 6582 2885 9467 708954 364269 0.93 0.79

6 MEDAK 46 234 3984 1678 5662 537947 168985 0.74 0.99

7 NALGONDA 59 358 5691 3099 8790 637385 394279 0.89 0.79

8 NIZAMABAD 36 184 2820 1264 4084 371074 192941 0.76 0.66

9 RANGAREDDY 37 181 3713 1175 4888 652042 218757 0.57 0.54

10 WARANGAL 51 307 4603 3738 8341 616102 530656 0.75 0.70

TOTAL 459 2389 42483 23514 65997 5432680 3286928 0.78 0.72

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4.2 Background on Citizen Feedback Survey

The newly formed government of Telangana under the competent leadership of Hon’ble Chief Minister Shri. K. Chandrashekar Rao is committed to demonstrate results, good governance, and undertake multidimensional growth and inclusive development in the state. Receiving citizen’s feedback on the public services is an excellent initiative to demonstrate sincere efforts of the government’s commitment to make all the services pro-citizen in the state.

Citizen feedback reports produced based on participatory survey, are as systematic and impartial as possible, of an activity, project, programme, strategy, policy, or institutional performance that provide qualitative / quantitative feedback on user perception on the quality, adequacy and efficiency of the public services. By collecting feedback on the quality and adequacy of public goods and services from actual users, the Citizen Feedback Reports provide good evidence and instigate a proactive agenda for communities, civil society organisations (CSOs) or local governments to engage in conversation with service providers and the concerned line departments to improve the delivery of public services. It also measures the level of public awareness on the citizen’s rights and responsibilities.

The state government decided to undertake the Citizen Feedback Survey (CFS) on the social welfare schemes to understand the perception of the beneficiaries, the implementation hurdles, the impact and the areas of improvement. In this regard, the Planning Department has decided to undertake the CFS for the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme to start with. The purpose of the CFS was as follows:

a) To understand the profile of the beneficiaries b) To assess the awareness of the scheme among the beneficiaries c) To understand the implementation hurdles d) To assess the benefits of the scheme e) To capture the perception of the beneficiaries and receive ideas for improvements

The findings and suggestions of the report would be shared to the respective departments and the elected representative for needful action at the policy level and implementation strategy.

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5. Methodology

5.1 Stages of Study

The following steps were involved in finalizing the Citizen Feedback report, as detailed below:

1. The CFS questionnaire was designed with the support of UNICEF representatives, taking into consideration the above objectives. The questionnaire was discussed for 3-4 rounds with the Directors, CPOs and ADs. A state level meeting was held on discussing the purpose of the Citizen Feedback survey on the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme and sharing the questionnaire. The draft questionnaire was pilot tested in one of the mandal’s in Rangareddy district. Based on the testing experiences and other inputs, the final questionnaire was designed along with the sampling design and instruction manual.

2. District level trainings were held on the questionnaire and instructions for canvassing to the ASOs under the guidance of their respective CPOs. The questionnaire underwent one more final round of scrutiny, taking into account the suggestions from the ASOs.

3. The beneficiary data under the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme was requested from Scheduled Caste Development Dept., and Tribal Welfare Dept., who in turn directed CGG to share the beneficiary data with DES.

4. Upon receipt of the beneficiary data, the following sampling design was adopted to select the beneficiaries to be interviewed.

i. All the mandals across Telangana were selected for the study to have a complete representation.

ii. Five percent of the sample beneficiaries were taken into account from each mandal, separately under the SC and ST category.

iii. Based on the proportion of the overall beneficiaries in the mandals, a representative number of beneficiaries were sampled.

iv. Random numbers were generated and applied to the beneficiary list through systematic circular random sampling, to finalise on the sample beneficiaries to be interviewed.

v. The list of beneficiaries to be covered was prepared district wise, segregating each of them by mandals, SC/ST and Rural/Urban categories. A separate list of substitute beneficiaries was also prepared and shared with all the districts, in case of non-availability of a beneficiary.

5. While the canvassing was being planned and executed by the respective CPOs, computerized data entry screens were designed at the DES Head office. This was tested with dummy data from the pilot testing schedules and the programme was fine-tuned accordingly. Output tables for data compilation and analysis were also developed and shared with CGG.

6. After obtaining data from the districts, it was cleaned, verified and cross validated at the DES level, before handing over to CGG for analysis. The output tables were generated, interpreted and the draft report has been developed. Based on the comments from various persons, the final report has been submitted.

05

Table 2: Timelines on various stages of CFS

Sl. No. Activity / Milestone Timelines By Whom

1 Concept note Development and approval 27 April’16 CGG

2 Questionnaire design and finalise 4 May’16 CGG / UNICEF / Planning

3 Pilot Testing of CFS 6 May’16 CGG / UNICEF / DES

4Fine tuning of the questionnaire, instruction manual & details on beneficiaries from Department

10 - 17 May’16 CGG / UNICEF

5 District Training on final questionnaire & instructions 17 - 25 May’16 CGG / UNICEF

6Data collection, Develop & test the data entry program, Data entry, Data validation

1 June - 10 August’16 DES

7 Data Analysis 10 - 20 August’16 CGG

8 Data interpretation & draft report preparation20- August - 12

Sept’16CGG / UNICEF

9 Address the comments and submit final report 28 Sept - 27 Oct’16 CGG / UNICEF

5.2 Limitations of the study

• The study was designed to get feedback from the beneficiaries, which in this case were brides and the bride’s parents. Hence, the prospective brides or other stakeholders associated with the scheme were not interviewed during the survey.

• The information and perceptions of the beneficiaries were captured without any personal biases and without further probing and investigation. Hence, there might be some perceptions or information which might be different at ground.

• The study was primarily a beneficiary feedback study, capturing one-time cross sectional data and therefore in-depth analysis and tests for association could not be carried out.

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6. Findings1

6.1 General Information

A total of 3457 sample beneficiaries (5.2 percent) were selected out of a total of 65997 Kalyana Lakshmi beneficiaries, both SC & ST covered till April’16. The data reveals that 89 percent of the sample beneficiaries were from rural villages and 62 percent were SC beneficiaries. Taking into account the district wise coverage of the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme among SC & ST beneficiaries till April’16, Mahbubnagar, Karimnagar and Nalgonda had more SC beneficiaries, while ST beneficiaries were more in Khammam, Adilabad and Warangal. In terms of an overall coverage of the scheme, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda had the highest coverage, although Khammam and Warangal had the highest SC & ST combined population as per 2011 Census. With the SC & ST census data, Hyderabad, Nizamabad and Rangareddy districts need further penetration of the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme among the prospective beneficiaries.

Table 3: Details of sampled beneficiaries for Citizen Feedback Survey

Sl.No.

District NameSC ST Total

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

1 ADILABAD 179 20 199 217 7 224 396 27 423

2 HYDERABAD 0 66 66 0 13 13 0 79 79

3 KARIMNAGAR 276 30 306 61 10 71 337 40 377

4 KHAMMAM 159 27 186 223 13 236 382 40 422

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 314 17 331 151 4 155 465 21 486

6 MEDAK 175 21 196 97 2 99 272 23 295

7 NALGONDA 266 22 288 164 8 172 430 30 460

8 NIZAMABAD 134 10 144 70 3 73 204 13 217

9 RANGAREDDY 145 50 195 58 15 73 203 65 268

10 WARANGAL 189 43 232 187 11 198 376 54 430

TOTAL 1837 306 2143 1228 86 1314 3065 392 3457

Distance of the village from Mandal Headquarters The distance of village from the administrative (Mandal / District) headquarters generally has direct implications on the level of awareness about the scheme, market information and access to various benefits and resources. As depicted in the graph, most of the beneficiaries hailing from rural areas are located around 5 - 10 km away from the mandal headquarters (40 percent from ST and 38 percent from SC). It may also be noted that 35 percent of ST-Rural and 25 percent of SC-Rural were located more than 10 km away from them mandal headquarters. Hence, we can infer that the scheme has reached the beneficiaries located in remote areas away from the mandal headquarters.1 The study predates the reorganization of the Telangana state and therefore these findings were for the erst while ten districts.

Figure 2: Distance of bride’s village from Mandal Hq.

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6.2 Beneficiary Profile

EducationThe survey tried to understand the profile of the beneficiaries apart from just their social status. The education qualification of the sampled brides across the state (both SC & ST beneficiaries) revealed that 40.1 percent of brides were illiterate. As per Census 2011, overall there were 55.3 percent of combined SC & ST women who were illiterate at state level.

44.5 percent of ST-Rural brides and 39.1 percent of SC-Rural brides were illiterate. However, it is praiseworthy that 15.4 percent of the brides had passed / studying Intermediate (11 & 12 class) and about 11.4 percent brides also had a degree and an above qualification. It may be noted that almost negligible number of brides possess skills oriented certificates / diploma.

It is observed that 30 percent of the brides from urban areas were also illiterate. While 17.5 percent of the brides from the urban locations have a degree and above qualifications, just 10.6 percent brides from rural areas have a degree and above qualifications. Yet another finding is that 9.4 percent of the brides at the state level are only primary educated, the ST brides in both rural and urban areas have slightly higher percent (10.5 percent). This translates to larger issues such as lack of awareness on enrollment of the girl child, school drop-outs and provision of affordable, accessible and quality education to girls.

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Figure 3: Education profile of brides - Caste & location wise (N=3453)

Occupation of the brideA significant number of brides, who were interviewed under the study, remained as housewives (51.7 percent of SC and 44.6 percent of ST). It is interesting to note that even the brides residing in the urban localities, both SC & ST were housewives. A smaller proportion of the brides have reported to have been engaged as agricultural labour (14 percent of SC & 23 percent of ST) and as domestic helps (9 percent each under SC & ST). Since, most of the brides are illiterate, hence they are unable to get involved in economic activities. Interventions on job oriented, vocational skill training to adolescent girls could be planned. Apart from being a housewife, the brides in the rural areas are mostly involved in agricultural labour, while in urban areas, the majority section of the brides were either domestic helps or students.

Figure 4: Bride’s Occupation – State average (N=3453)

Age of bride at marriageThe average age of the brides at the time of the marriage in the Scheduled Caste community was reported as 22.5 years with a standard deviation of 3.1, while that for the Scheduled Tribe community was 21.5 years having a standard deviation of 2.31. There is substantial variation in bride’s age under SC-Rural and SC-Urban average age of marraige. Across all the districts, the age of the bride belonging to the Scheduled Caste is higher than those belonging to the Scheduled Tribe. This indicates that generally Scheduled Castes marry their girls later than Scheduled Tribe.

As depicted in the graph, most of the brides were married between the age of 18-24 years. As compared to the rest, there are number SC-Urban brides in the age bracket of 25-29 years and 30 years & above.

It may also be noted that the ages of the Scheduled Caste brides range between 17-36 years, while that of Scheduled Tribe brides range from 17-33 years. There were 14 cases reported across Khammam, Mahbubnagar and Karimnagar where the bride’s age was reported less than 18 years across both the SC & ST communities.

Figure 5: Average age of the bride across caste & location (in years)

Figure 6: Age bracket of the bride at the time of marriage (in percent)

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Bride Parent’s Education LevelLooking at the table below, the bride’s parents are predominantly illiterate (75 percent among the fathers of bride’s and 89.2 percent of mother of the bride’s). The parents of the ST brides were found to be illiterate, especially those hailing from rural areas as compared to the rest of the households being interviewed. Hence, the awareness campaigns could focus more on the ST parents as compared to that of the SC parents.

Table 4: Education level of bride’s parents

Type of Respondents Illiterate Primary (1-5 class)

Middle & Secondary (6-10 class)

Intermediate (11-12 class)

Degree & Above

Diploma / Certificate

Father-SC-Rural 73.6 11.4 11.2 2.9 0.8 0.1

Father-SC-Urban 51.7 12.3 27.5 6.2 2.4 0.0

Father-SC Overall 70.9 11.6 13.2 3.3 1.0 0.1

Father-ST-Rural 80.6 9.0 7.6 1.7 0.7 0.2

Father-ST-Urban 60.0 17.1 21.4 0.0 1.4 0.0

Father-ST Overall 79.3 9.5 8.5 1.6 0.8 0.2

Mother-SC-Rural 88.7 5.5 4.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

Mother -SC-Urban 73.9 8.6 13.6 2.5 1.4 0.0

Mother -SC Overall 86.6 5.9 6.2 1.1 0.3 0.0

Mother -ST-Rural 92.1 5.2 1.9 0.7 0.2 0.1

Mother -ST-Urban 90.4 4.8 2.4 0.0 2.4 0.0

Mother -ST Overall 91.9 5.1 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.1

Father-State Average 74.3 10.7 11.3 2.6 0.9 0.1

Mother-State Average 88.7 5.6 4.5 0.9 0.3 0.0

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Bride Parent’s OccupationBased on the overall responses, nearly half (49.7 percent) of bride’s mothers and more than one third (37.6 percent) of the bride’s fathers were involved in agricultural labour. The rest of bride’s fathers are occupied as farmers having less than 2 hectares (28.4 percent) or work as unskilled labourers (13.5 percent). The bride’s mothers were majorly unskilled labourers (13.7 percent) or housewives (12.2 percent). Thus, the parents of the interviewed bride’s seemed to be involved in low-income and unskilled work.

Figure 7: Bride parent’s occupation

Bride Parent’s IncomeThe parent’s combined income is one of the major eligibility criteria of the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme. The parent’s combined annual income as reported by 67 percent of respondents (both SC & ST included) fall under the bracket of Rs.60,000 to Rs.150,000 out of the 3457 sampled beneficiaries, 30.1 percent of SC beneficiaries (645) and the annual income of 27.6 percent of ST beneficiaries (363) fall under the bracket of Rs.60,000 or below. The percentage of responses among the SC & ST communities and across the rural and urban locations is depicted in the figure below. This seems to be lower than the per capita income of the state in 2015-16 (AE) standing at Rs.1,43,023, as reported in the recent statistical year book 2016.

Figure 8: Percentage of beneficiaries segregated by parent’s annual income

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Sl. No. District Name Below Rs. 24kBetween Rs. 24k to 60k

Between Rs. 60k to 1.5 lakh

Between Rs. 1.5 to Rs. 2 Lakh

Above Rs. 2 Lakh

Total

1 ADILABAD 3 140 278 1 1 423

2 HYDERABAD 1 4 57 16 1 79

3 KARIMNAGAR 11 100 262 2 2 377

4 KHAMMAM 1 82 311 19 9 422

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 6 171 285 23 1 486

6 MEDAK 4 98 191 1 1 295

7 NALGONDA 2 86 358 9 5 460

8 NIZAMABAD 4 109 102 1 1 217

9 RANGAREDDY 18 68 173 7 2 268

10 WARANGAL 4 96 289 34 7 430

STATE AVERAGE 54 954 2306 113 30 3457

Brides Parent’s LandholdingOverall, 17 percent of beneficiaries owned irrigated land, 38 percent owned rain-fed land and 44 percent were Landless. It can be noticed that out of a total 1506 landless families, 73 percent belonged to Scheduled Caste and 27 percent belonged to Scheduled Tribe communities. Similarly, 77 percent of the respondents were from rural areas and the rest 23 percent hailed from urban areas. Amongst the districts, Khammam had more SC-Rural beneficiaries who were as landless, and Karimnagar had more ST-Rural beneficiaries who were landless. Around 46 percent of the SC-Rural and 27 percent of ST-Rural beneficiaries were landless. Invariably, 87 percent of both SC-Urban and ST-Urban beneficiaries are reported landless. The mean landholding of irrigated land among the Scheduled Caste was reported as 0.74 Hectare, while that of Scheduled Tribe was reported as 1.04 Hectare. Hence, the targeting of the scheme was appropriate i.e. mostly small, marginal farmers and landless beneficiaries.

Figure 9:Extent of landless - Districts wise

The annual income of the bride’s parents (as reported by them) ranged from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 9,20,000 (with one beneficiary reporting this high anomalous income). Furthermore, 54 beneficiaries (2 percent) mostly belonging to SC-Rural areas have reported to have a combined annual income of Rs.24,000 or below per annum. Similarly, 30 beneficiaries (1 percent) mostly from ST-Rural and SC-Urban areas have reported to have more than Rs.2.0 lakh of a combined annual income. The district wise breakup of the combined annual income is given below.

Table 5: District wise number of respondents with parent’s annual income

Sl. No. District Name SC-Rural SC-Urban SC-Total ST-Rural ST-Urban ST-Total State Average

1 ADILABAD 58.1 95.0 61.8 33.2 100.0 35.3 47.8

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 97.0 97.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 97.5

3 KARIMNAGAR 50.4 83.3 53.6 52.5 100.0 59.2 54.6

4 KHAMMAM 71.1 96.3 74.7 36.8 92.3 39.8 55.2

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 31.8 82.4 34.4 15.2 25.0 15.5 28.4

6 MEDAK 26.3 71.4 31.1 23.7 100.0 25.3 29.2

7 NALGONDA 47.7 86.4 50.7 14.6 62.5 16.9 38.0

8 NIZAMABAD 39.6 100.0 43.8 30.0 100.0 32.9 40.1

9 RANGAREDDY 45.5 70.0 51.8 15.5 86.7 30.1 45.9

10 WARANGAL 46.0 90.7 54.3 23.5 81.8 26.8 41.6

TOTAL 45.5 86.9 51.4 26.9 87.2 30.8 43.6

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Table 6: Extent of landless beneficiaries (N=1506)

Housing Condition & OwnershipThis is an proxy indicator of the wealth and well being of the beneficiary. It may be noted that 93 percent of SC beneficiaries and 97 percent of ST beneficiaries owned a house. Further investigation reveals that most of the rural beneficiaries owned a houses (97 percent) as compared to that of 75 percent of urban beneficiaries.

Based on the responses with regard to the housing conditions at the state level, majority of the bride’s parents had RCC roofed houses (44 percent by SC, 43 percent by ST), followed by tiled house (29 percent by SC, 26 percent by ST). A significant number of beneficiaries (34 percent SC & 31 percent ST) from urban areas lived in tin houses, which in the context of the urban scenario is considered to be poor housing. About 7 percent of the SC-Rural beneficiaries and 12 percent of the ST-Rural beneficiaries lived in thatch roofed house.

Asset ownership is also an indicator of the income levels and aspirations of the family. Among the beneficiaries who reported owning moveable assets, 19.2 percent had motorcycles, 6.6 percent had buffaloes, 5.6 percent owned milch cows and 5.6 percent reportedly owned cycles. Most of the ST beneficiaries from rural villages owned cows and buffaloes.

Figure 10:House ownership ofbeneficiaries (in percent)

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6.3 Awareness Levels

When asked about the awareness level of the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, 98 percent of the beneficiaries confirmed affirmative. However, when asked about the eligibility conditions for applying to the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, only 65 percent of the beneficiaries could answer three or more of the scheme’s eligibility conditions out of the five prescribed conditions. About 56 percent of ST-Urban beneficiaries reported to have low knowledge about the scheme details.

In Nalgonda and Rangareddy districts, beneficiaries seemed to be better aware about the scheme conditions, while beneficiaries from Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad and Nizamabad lacked complete knowledge about the scheme’s conditions. 66 percent of rural beneficiaries and 62 percent of urban beneficiaries could only recollect only few of the eligibility conditions of the scheme.

Regarding the source of information about the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, friends / neighbors (57 percent) and parents / relatives (44 percent) were the most prominent sources of information. In case of SC & ST rural beneficiaries, local leaders and government staff also played a marginal role. Around 25 percent of the beneficiaries across the SC & ST communities got information about the scheme by themselves. The Panchayat representatives and government staff at the local levels need to engage more in creating awareness and promoting scheme.

Around 93.5 percent beneficiaries reported to have seen publicity material about the scheme. As evident from the graph, TV and newspapers seemed to be the prominent publicity material witnessed by most of the respondents. The other modes of public awareness such as pamphlets, street plays, public events, wall paintings etc., seemed to have been rarely or not used. About 30 percent of SC-Rural respondents also reported to had seen posters and about 10 percent of them heard through public announcement.

Figure 11: Housing condition of beneficiaries (in percent)

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Figure 12: Percentage of beneficiaries having awareness about scheme & its eligibility conditions

Figure 13: Percent of beneficiaries mentioning sources of information reg. KL scheme

Figure 14: Percentage of beneficiaries who saw the type of publicity materials on KL scheme

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6.4 Application Process

The Kalyana Lakshmi scheme was conceived to provide financial assistance to the economically and socially backward brides at the time of their marriage. However based on the responses, 75 percent of the overall beneficiaries had applied only after their marriage. Only in Hyderabad district, more than 50 percent of the beneficiaries applied before their marriage, while close to 90 percent of the beneficiaries in Khammam, Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda applied only after their marriage. Analysing the Urban / Rural scenarios, 33 percent of the urban beneficiaries had applied before their marriage.

Overall, about 34 percent of the beneficiaries across SC & ST communities expressed difficulty during the application process, especially the ST beneficiaries from Hyderabad, Rangareddy and Warangal districts.

Overall, 56 percent of the respondents expressed that getting the eligibility documents required for filing the application was the most difficult part. About 44 percent respondents felt that the verification process was lengthy and this was one of their major concerns. Rural SC and ST beneficiaries expressed that opening of the bank account was at times difficult as well.

Around 96.5 percent of the respondents across the combined SC & ST category reported that they incurred expenses during the application stage. A sizeable number of respondents from Rangareddy, Khammam and Nalgonda reported to have not incurred any expenses. In Warangal and Karimnagar, all the respondents irrespective of whether they belonged to SC & ST reported to have incurred expenses during the application process. The reasons could be understood better about whether it was the lack of effectiveness and efficiency of the local staff or the non-existence of required documents.

On an average, Rs.1918 was incurred by an ST beneficiary and Rs.1754 by an SC beneficiary in the process of filling an application. This means around 4 percent of the scheme award money is spent to access the financial incentive. Apart from the cost incurred beneficiaries also reported to have spent around 21.7 days on an average. If the opportunity cost of the days spent for application process was calculated based on the current wage rate of Rs.300 (approx), it would amount to Rs.6510 which is substantial considering the socio-economic condition of the beneficiaries.

Upon further breakdown, on an average the ST-Rural beneficiaries spent the highest amount (Rs.1921), while SC-Urban beneficiaries seemed to have spent 38 days time during application process.

Figure 15: Percentage ofapplications submittedbefore/after marriage

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Figure 16: Percentage of beneficiaries expressing difficulty at application stage

Figure 18: Percentage of respondents who incurred expensesfor different aspects of application process

Figure 17: Percentage of beneficiaries stating the kind of difficulties faced during application stage

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Only 72 percent of SC respondents and 75 percent of ST respondents confirmed that the field verification took place. The field verification process is important to collect additional details about the applicant’s socio-economic condition and accuracy of the information furnished by the applicant. The table below shows the districts where field verifications was done and highlighting those where it was not done at a satisfactory level.

Table 8: Percentage of cases where field verifications were done

Sl. No. District Name SC-Rural SC-Urban SC-Average ST-Rural ST-Urban ST-Average

1 ADILABAD 57.5 80.0 59.8 53.5 28.6 52.7

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 65.2 65.2 0.0 53.8 53.8

3 KARIMNAGAR 76.1 76.7 76.1 70.5 90.0 73.2

4 KHAMMAM 88.1 92.6 88.7 88.3 92.3 88.6

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 64.3 64.7 64.4 67.5 100.0 68.4

6 MEDAK 58.9 57.1 58.7 74.2 50.0 73.7

7 NALGONDA 82.3 95.5 83.3 92.7 100.0 93.0

8 NIZAMABAD 65.7 80.0 66.7 77.1 66.7 76.7

9 RANGAREDDY 60.7 74.0 64.1 75.9 73.3 75.3

10 WARANGAL 85.2 93.0 86.6 77.5 90.9 78.3

STATE AVERAGE 71.5 77.1 72.3 75.3 76.7 75.4

It was reported that 19 percent of SC-Urban beneficiaries had close acquaintances with relatives / friends in influential positions. On an average, 60 percent of the total beneficiaries had applied for the first time to any state government scheme, mostly urban beneficiaries from the SC community (68 percent) and the ST community (66 percent). This is a positive indication that new households are able to come under the fold of government assistantce programs, highlighting true increases in coverage.

On an average, 64 percent of the SC beneficiaries, and 71 percent of ST beneficiaries had opened the bank account in the name of the bride for the sake of this scheme. However, the beneficiaries from urban areas had linked their existing bank account to the scheme (SC-55 percent and ST-53 percent). In total, 68 percent of rural beneficiaries got linked with the banks. Except for Hyderabad, Medak and Rangareddy, other districts had a significant number of beneficiaries across categories and locations who were financially included.

Table 7: Average amount and days spent under various heads during application process

Expenses HeadAvg. amount incurred (in Rs.) Avg. time Spent (in days)

SC-Rural SC-Urban ST-Rural ST-Urban StateAverage SC-Rural SC-Urban ST-Rural ST-Urban State

Average

Eligibility documents, opening bank account 637 564 673 627 644 6 6 7 7 6

Submitting the application form 413 390 419 462 414 4.7 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.9

Verification process 370 408 472 441 411 4.9 6.6 5.7 4.4 5.3

Miscellaneous 340 361 357 332 348 3.4 19.6 3.9 5.2 5.2

TOTAL 1759 1722 1921 1862 1817 19 38 21 21 22

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Figure 20:Percentage ofbeneficiariesopening the bankaccount forthe scheme

6.5 Payment ProcessAn average of 4.9 percent of SC respondents and 8.0 percent of ST respondents at the state level mentioned different amounts when asked about the amount of financial assistance provided under the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme and the amount that they received ultimately. The table below shows the district and social category wise variations. The variations may be due to the lack of awareness about the entitlement, since the payment is done through the bank directly. There could be other reasons like middlemen or commission charges that were deducted during the payment from the amount received by the beneficiaries under the scheme.

Table 9: Gaps in knowledge regarding amount payable to beneficiary under the scheme (in %)

Sl. No. District Name SC-Rural SC-Urban SC-Average ST-Rural ST-Urban ST-Average

1 ADILABAD 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 10.6 10.6 0.0 15.4 15.4

3 KARIMNAGAR 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 0.0 2.8

4 KHAMMAM 3.8 0.0 3.2 8.1 7.7 8.1

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 11.8 11.8 11.8 20.5 0.0 20.0

6 MEDAK 0.6 0.0 0.5 3.1 0.0 3.0

7 NALGONDA 1.9 0.0 1.7 2.4 12.5 2.9

8 NIZAMABAD 13.4 0.0 12.5 10.0 0.0 9.6

9 RANGAREDDY 2.8 0.0 2.1 3.4 20.0 6.8

10 WARANGAL 6.9 0.0 5.6 13.9 45.5 15.7

STATE AVERAGE 5.2 3.3 4.9 7.6 14.0 8.0

Figure 19:Miscellaneous detailsof beneficiaries

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With regard to the time taken to receive the payment after applying, 59 percent of the total participant reported to have had received the amount within 1-3 months after applying. However, there were 3.3 percent of respondents who reported to have had received financial assistance after six months after application and 4.2 percent respondents mentioned that they haven’t received the financial assistance yet. It may be noted that the samples were drawn from the list of beneficiaries provided by the department to whom the payments were released as per records.

Looking at the mode of withdrawal of the financial assistance, most of the beneficiaries preferred to withdraw the amount directly from the bank. Overall, 14 percent of the beneficiaries withdrew money from ATM’s, mostly comprising the Urban and ST beneficiaries.

Although only 2.5 percent of all sample beneficiaries reported to have incurred expenses towards disbursement of the financial assistance, the amount spent by them was reportedly high, at Rs.4742 on an average. The SC-Rural beneficiaries on an average had spent Rs.7335, and in case of the beneficiaries from Khammam, Karimnagar and Medak districts, reported incurring expenses even to the tune of Rs.10,000-15,000 on an average. The beneficiaries having a parental income of below Rs.60,000 per annum also seem to have incurred Rs.6453 on an average, which could be burdensome. When asked about whom they have paid the money towards the release of financial assistance, 66 percent respondents reported to have paid it to middlemen.

Figure 21: Percentage of responses for time taken to receive the payment

Table 10: Average expenses incurred for payment release (in Rs.)Sl. No. District Name SC-Rural SC-Urban SC-Average ST-Rural ST-Urban ST-Average

1 ADILABAD 3000.0 1000.0 2333.3 3000.0 1000.0 2500.0

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 2000.0 2000.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 2750.0 5000.0 3500.0 10000.0 0.0 10000.0

4 KHAMMAM 13500.0 0.0 13500.0 4555.6 0.0 4555.6

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 7975.0 1500.0 7666.7 1700.0 0.0 1700.0

6 MEDAK 15000.0 0.0 15000.0 2500.0 0.0 2500.0

7 NALGONDA 2000.0 0.0 2000.0 3700.0 0.0 3700.0

8 NIZAMABAD 7500.0 0.0 7500.0 5150.0 0.0 5150.0

9 RANGAREDDY 8700.0 4400.0 5628.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 WARANGAL 3000.0 0.0 3000.0 2111.1 7000.0 2600.0

STATE AVERAGE 7335.0 3350.0 6538.0 3369.4 4000.0 3402.6

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6.6 Benefits & Impact from the scheme

Money plays an important role in Indian marriages. It influences the choice of the matches, timely marriages and overall nature of marriage ceremonies. The bride’s families plan and prepare for a long time to get their children married. The families explore potential matches, make dedicated savings and purchase ornaments and gifts for a long time. Often the marriages are held back or compromises have been made due to the lack of money. The huge expenditures involved in the marriages adversely affect the financial position of the bride’s family for quite some time even after the marriage. This impact is significant on families from a lower financial status. The study assessed the impact of monetary assistance given under the Kalyana Lakshmi on some of these issues.

On an average, the marriage expenditure in all sample households was about Rs.2,74,191 (Rs.2,65,964 for SC’s and Rs.2,87,609 for ST’s). The average marriage expenditure in rural areas was Rs.2,71,361 and the same in urban areas was Rs.2,96,321. The average marriage expenses by ST beneficiaries from urban area were reported to be about Rs.3,15,128, which is the highest amongst the three categories. Among the districts, the lowest average marriage expenditure was reported in Khammam by SC-Urban beneficiaries (Rs.1,68,259) and the highest average marriage expenditure was reported in Rangareddy district (Rs.5,32,667) by ST-Urban beneficiaries. As the program aimed at helping the poorer section, the marriage expenditure seemed to be high. The social category-wise average marriage expenditure is given in the table below:

Table 11: Average marriage expenditure (in Rs.) - District and social category wise

Sl. No. District Name SC-Rural SC-Urban ST-Rural ST-Urban Total

1 ADILABAD 244162 264000 195793 194286 219461

2 HYDERABAD 0 342394 0 287385 333342

3 KARIMNAGAR 308123 238333 318115 373000 305907

4 KHAMMAM 213918 168259 234141 230000 222179

5 MAHBUBNAGAR 180054 220294 282874 237500 213881

6 MEDAK 327114 306429 331175 225000 326285

7 NALGONDA 242199 170818 340030 201250 272952

8 NIZAMABAD 314679 310000 384971 503333 339746

9 RANGAREDDY 379221 397640 441638 532667 404754

10 WARANGAL 226362 292233 286340 252273 259695

STATE AVERAGE 261787 291036 285682 315128 274191

Across the state, on an average, the bride’s parents took a loan of Rs.1,46,945 for the marriage (Rs.1,43,520 by SCs and Rs.1,52,531 by STs). The maximum loan at the state level was taken by ST (Urban) for Rs.1,88,430, while the lowest loan at state level was taken by the SC beneficieries (Rural). Across the districts, Rs.67,897 was reported as the least amount of loan taken by the STs in Adilabad district and Rs.2,68,219 was the highest amount reported by the STs in the Rangareddy district.

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District Name SC-Rural SC-Urban SC-Avg. ST-Rural ST-Urban ST-Avg.

ADILABAD 1,02,494 1,18,500 1,04,103 67,691 74,286 67,897

HYDERABAD 0 1,85,076 1,85,076 0 1,90,000 1,90,000

KARIMNAGAR 1,74,402 2,04,000 1,77,304 1,82,000 2,39,000 1,90,028

KHAMMAM 1,05,566 1,12,222 1,06,532 1,24,794 1,59,231 1,26,691

MAHBUBNAGAR 1,08,271 1,16,176 1,08,677 1,71,656 1,37,500 1,70,774

MEDAK 1,63,994 1,73,333 1,64,995 1,70,253 1,25,000 1,69,338

NALGONDA 1,19,289 1,12,545 1,18,774 1,82,390 1,16,250 1,79,314

NIZAMABAD 1,69,418 1,99,000 1,71,472 2,22,886 1,83,333 2,21,260

RANGAREDDY 2,16,241 2,30,860 2,19,990 2,56,293 3,14,333 2,68,219

WARANGAL 1,21,788 1,72,930 1,31,267 1,48,594 1,60,000 1,49,227

State average 1,38,687 1,72,533 1,43,520 1,50,017 1,88,430 1,52,531

Table 12: District and category wise average loan taken for marriage (in Rs.)

Compared to the average size of the loan amount taken for the marriage, the financial assistance of Rs.51,000 given under the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme is a significant amount. The financial assistance under the scheme covers over a third of the average loan amount to provide the much needed relief to the bride’s families. The relief was relatively high for the poorest of the poor families, who incurred less marriage expenditure and took a smaller loan amount. More than the size of the loan amount, the source of the loan was burdensome. As the banks and other institutions do not provide loans to the ‘unproductive’ activities such as marriages, the bride’s families are left only with informal sources of credit.

When it comes to the location of the marriage, most of the beneficiaries organised the marriages either with in the village or at their residence. A few sampled beneficiaries reported having organised marriage in a function hall (23 percent by SC-Urban and 11 percent by ST-Urban). Majority of the rural beneficiaries across SC & ST communities organised the marriage at their residence and in the village.

Out of the sampled beneficiaries only a two percent reported to have taken the loans from a bank. As many as 48 percent sampled households had taken loans from money lenders, evidently at high rate of interest. Relatives and friends are other important source of loans as per 45 percent of sampled beneficiaries. It may be noted that loans from friends and relatives may be soft loans in terms of the rate of interest and other conditions; but, they are sensitive and involve social costs.

Money lenders, friends and relatives together provided marriage loans to 93 percent of the sampled households. However the proportion of these two sources vary significantly across the districts. Dependency on money lenders is very high in Mahbubnagar and Khammam and higher in Karimnagar and Adilabad. On the other hand, loans from ‘friends and relatives’ are predominant in Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Medak, Nizamabad and Warangal districts.

Utilization of financial assistanceIn total, 42 percent of beneficiaries used the financial assistance from the scheme to repay their loans (49 percent by ST-Urban and 47 percent by SC-Urban).

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Figure 23: Source of marriage loans (in percent)

Figure 22: Location of the marriages (in percent)

Figure 24: Utilization of the monetary assistance for different purpose

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More than a quarter (26 percent) used the scheme award to purchase ornaments (a kind of asset formation), primarily the SC-Rural (29 percent) and ST-Rural (25 percent). Another 2 percent the reported to have made fixed deposits for the bride. Furthermore, 16 percent of the beneficiaries used the money to give gifts to the bridegrooms (17 percent by SC-Urban, 16 percent by SC-Rural and ST-Rural each). As the beneficiaries used the money for repaying debts and assets creation, including purchase of consumer durables and fixed deposits, the financial assistance has contributed for the overall improvement in the financial condition of the bride’s families. It may be noted that the total percentages in the graph adds up to more than 100, because the beneficiaries have used the money for multiple purposes and have reported accordingly.

Selection of suitable bridegroom and conduct of timely marriagesAs mentioned above financial considerations play an important role in selection of the bridegroom and also, at times, timely decision to marry their daughters. As many as 20 percent of total respondents said that the financial assistance has influenced their selection of bridegroom. Given the importance of marriage and the spouse in one’s life, this is the single most important impact of the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme. About 21 percent of SC-Rural and 18 percent of ST-Rural mentioned that the scheme influenced their selection process for bridegroom. As many as 41 percent respondents in Medak and 26 percent in Karimnagar reported having got better choices. But, the same is as low as 5 percent in Nalgonda and 10 percent and 11 percent in Rangareddy and Hyderabad districts respectively. Though the scheme provides only a one time assistance, it has a lifelong impact on the lives of at least one-fifth of the total beneficiaries. Needless to say that proportion would be high amongst the poorer sections of the beneficiaries.

It is common to find that financial constraints inhibit the poor families from getting their daughters married in due time, thus subjecting the families and the single women to social stigma and mental agony. It may be noted that 12 percent of sampled brides were over 25 years of age at the time of the marriage. Out of which, 2 percent of the sampled brides were over 30 years of age. For all the families, who could not get their daughters married at the right time, due to financial constraints, the Kalyana lakshmi scheme was helpful. Overall 20 percent sampled beneficiaries reported that the scheme had influenced their ability to arrange a timely marriage. 23 percent of SC-Rural and 17 percent of ST-Rural & ST-Urban reported that the influence of the scheme on the timely decision to conduct the marriage. Amongst all the districts, 43 percent of beneficiaries in Medak, 29 percent in Karimnagar and 28 percent in Mahbubnagar reported that the scheme helped them to conduct the marriage on time.

Another potential impact could be that the financial assistance may trigger the increase in marriage expenditure, including wasteful expenditure. General perception and information from informal sources suggest that when money is available, usually parents spend excess on lavish catering, stage decoration, costly gifts etc. Over 44 percent of respondents mentioned that the financial assistance influenced the extent of the marriage expenditure. It includes expenditure on food, lighting, music, video graphy, photography, etc. About 49 percent of SC-Rural and

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Figure 25: Impact of scheme on selection of groom, timely decision &expenses for marriage (in percent responses)

6.7 Beneficiary perceptions

The Government of Telangana being a welfare focused state, the beneficiary perceptions, their grievances and suggestions are crucial inputs into the programme design. The beneficiaries were asked to rate the scheme on a three point scale (Satisfied, Average and Dissatisfied) for the areas of application, awareness, publicity and disbursement process. The publicity in this context means information, education and communication (IEC) media used used to promote better awareness of the scheme. The table below provides a consolidated picture.

Table 13: Percentage of beneficiaries rating the scheme on various parameters

District Name

% of beneficiaries expressing dissatisfaction on Disbursement

process

% of beneficiaries expressing dissatisfaction on Publicity process

% of beneficiaries expressing dissatisfaction on Application

process

SC-Rural

SC-Urban

ST-Rural

ST-Urban

SC-Rural

SC-Urban

ST-Rural

ST-Urban

SC-Rural

SC-Urban

ST-Rural

ST-Urban

ADILABAD 15.6 15.0 12.4 42.9 11.7 10.0 6.0 28.6 19.6 15.0 10.6 28.6

HYDERABAD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.2 0.0 15.4

KARIMNAGAR 2.2 0.0 4.9 0.0 4.0 3.3 8.2 0.0 10.1 16.7 8.2 10.0

KHAMMAM 0.6 0.0 1.3 7.7 1.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 11.9 0.0 18.8 0.0

MAHABUBNAGAR 1.3 0.0 7.9 0.0 3.5 5.9 7.9 0.0 19.1 11.8 23.8 0.0

MEDAK 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

NALGONDA 1.5 0.0 1.8 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.6 0.0 16.2 13.6 17.1 37.5

NIZAMABAD 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 10.4 0.0 11.4 0.0

RANGAREDDY 2.8 4.0 13.8 13.3 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 11.0 12.0 6.9 6.7

WARANGAL 2.6 2.3 10.2 9.1 3.7 0.0 3.2 18.2 20.1 14.0 22.5 27.3

STATE AVERAGE 2.9 2.0 6.1 8.1 3.0 2.3 3.4 4.7 13.9 11.4 15.3 14.0

37 percent of ST-Rural reported the scheme to have contributed to increase in the overall marriage expenditure. Taking into account all the districts, 66 percent of respondents in Karimnagar and Medak reported that the scheme influenced them to spend more on marriages. On the other hand, only 16 percent of the sampled beneficiaries in Adilabad reported increase in marriage expenditure, which could be attributed to the scheme. Along with the financial assistance, the government may educate the public in general and the beneficiaries in particular about the need to avoid excessive marriage expenditure.

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Around 15 percent of ST-Rural and 14 percent each of ST-Urban and SC-Rural beneficiaries had expressed their grievances towards the application process. As mentioned earlier, it may be due to the cumbersome application form, submission of required certificates and expenses and effort incurred during the application process.

Analyzing the responses of the beneficiaries with regard to the suggestions for improvements of the scheme, most beneficiaries wanted (a) the financial assistance to be increased, (b) the assistance to be provided before or at the time of the marriage and (c) to ensure timely deposit of the amount in the bank. The ST and SC beneficiaries from urban areas also suggested having more intense and wider publicity about the scheme.

Figure 26: Beneficiary Suggestions about the scheme

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7. Summary & Conclusion

Given the importance of marriage in the society and an individual’s life, the scheme proved to be a boon to poor and vulnerable communities. It is filling a void left by the banks and other financial institutions, which focus only on the ‘productive’ purposes, ‘bankable’ projects and ‘bankable‘ sectons of the people. The beneficiaries have utilised the funds for the marriage and loan repayments which were originally taken for that purpose.

The survey findings also reveal that the poorest of poor beneficiaries such as the landless and those having an annual income below Rs.75,000 were benefitted from the scheme.

The average age of the SC bride was reported to be 22.5 years, while the ST brides was 21.5 years. More than one-third (40 percent) of the brides were reported to be illiterate and thus remained housewives or unskilled labour.

Despite many challenges such as the process of cadre bifurcation, work pressure, identification of beneficiaries, etc., the scheme is being implemented effectively. One of the reasons for the smooth implementation of the scheme could be the involvement of middlemen. But the transaction cost for accessing the scheme benefit seemed to be high for a few beneficiaries.

Even after deducting various payments made and the opportunity cost due to foregoing their wage labour, the beneficiaries are left with a significant amount of money (cash benefit), which was used for the marriage. The restaurant high level satisfaction/welfare are reflected in the rating given by the beneficiaries.

On an average, beneficiaries reported to have spent around Rs.1,800 towards obtaining certificates, filling the application and other services. On average each beneficiary’s family had to spend over 20 days to attend the application processes and procedures. Hence, getting different certificates during the application stage was reported to be the major challenge.

There are minor incidences of off-targeting which is common in popular, large scale welfare schemes, especially which involve huge subsidies and fewer conditions and procedures. The profiles of a few sample beneficiaries seem to be relatively better off compared to the rest of the population. 56 percent of the beneficiaries had agricultural land, while 44 percent were landless. More than 50 percent of sample had a graduate or above educated persons in the family. Over 15 percent of samples had a family member with salaried income. About 95 percent beneficiaries owned a house and about 70 percent beneficiaries lived in RCC or tiled houses. It may be noted that about 30 percent of beneficiaries reported that formal field verification was not done at their homes.

Overall, the scheme empowered the beneficiary brides and their families, to have better options for the marriage & bridegroom.

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8. Suggestions

The Kalyana Lakshmi scheme is being implemented for the past two years now. Although it is too early to evaluate and provide concrete suggestions for improvement, an attempt has been made based on the findings of the study as points for consideration and needful action by the respective departments.

• Through high ‘satisfaction’ ratings, the scheme demonstrated the superiority of the unconditional cash transfer subsidy (versus in kind subsidy). The government may explore pros and cons of cash transfers and in-kind subsidies, since the latter involves high administrative expenditure and lower public ‘satisfaction’.

• Absence of institutional credit for the marriage expenditure is forcing the poor to go for the informal credit. The government may direct cooperatives and SHG institutions, including Sthree Nidhi, to expand credit to marriages and other ‘unproductive yet important causes’.

• The applicant had to obtain several certificates, to fill out the application, which proved to be time consuming and tedious. The government may allow the applicant to self-certify most of the common certificates such as caste, education, age, birth certificates. These could be further verified by the concerned officials. Further, the services of existing social capital and political institutions such as SHGs and their associations. Village organizations and Panchayat Raj institutions may be utilized for endorsing those certificates.

• The issue of sharper targeting and identification of the most vulnerable can be resolved through the services of the SHG-Village organizations and Panchayat Raj institutions, who have complete information about the applicants.

• The guidelines mention the income criteria for parent’s combined annual income in rural areas as Rs.1.50 lakh and Rs.2.0 lakh if living in urban areas. Income declaration is often mis-represented by the households to meet the eligibility conditions. A more holistic wealth ranking of the beneficiaries can be done based on additional parameters such as the extent of land holding, household assets, house condition and its ownership, number of earning members in the family etc. The certification from SHG-Village organizations and Panchayat Raj institutions, who have complete information about the applicant, may be introduced. The checklist for exclusion used by socio-economic and caste census 2011 suggests 14 parameters, could be included under this scheme, as given below.

i. Motorized 2/3/4 wheeler/fishing boat. ii. Mechanized 3-4 wheeler agricultural equipment. iii. Kisan credit card with credit limit of over Rs.50,000/-. iv. Household member government employee. v. Households with non-agricultural enterprises registered with government. vi. Any member of household earning more than Rs.10,000 per month. vii. Paying income tax.

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viii. Paying professional tax. ix. 3 or more rooms with pucca walls and roof. x. Owns a refrigerator. xi. Owns landline phone. xii. Owns more than 2.5 acres of irrigated land with one irrigation equipment. xiii. 5 acres or more of irrigated land for two or more crop season. xiv. Owning at least 7.5 acres of land or more with at least one irrigation equipment.

• Timelines may be fixed for each stage of the application process and wider publicity may be given about the timelines and the responsibility of the officials, so that the beneficiaries do not visit the offices unnecessarily. Electronic and print media proved to be effective sources of information to the public. These could be used for wider publicity about rights of the applicants and the responsibilities of the officials and redressal mechanisms.

• Instead of just the application form, the whole process could be made online, including verification report, amount sanctioned, remarks and actions to be taken regarding the applicant.

• The recently announced changes regarding distribution of cheques by the people’s representatives in a public function is a good move. It shall bring more transparency and make the officials more accountable.

• In reference to the recent orders that “Only MROs will process & verify the applications received under the Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam, instead of the present system of processing and verified by the Deputy Director/District BC Welfare Officer of the Backward Classes Welfare Department”, which is a good move. The survey findings revealed lapses in the field verification process, leading to delays. This study suggests that the field verification should be done by the village accountant along with PRI representatives.

• It was noticed that beneficiaries incur expenses both at the application as well as the payment stage, especially towards furnishing the eligibility documents and to middlemen. This is in addition to the cost incurred due to loss of working days. Most of the cost is incurred towards getting eligibility documents and towards middlemen. These can be avoided by streamlining the process and making transparent to further ease the burden on bride’s parents.

• The father and mother of the ST brides were found to be mostly illiterate among the sampled beneficiaries. Hence, the awareness campaigns should target ST parents of adolescent girls, in particular. This is more relevant in the context of revised guidelines of the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme, wherein the beneficiary would henceforth be the mother of the bride.

• Most of the brides have been reportedly illiterate and do not have any income oriented skills and qualification. Such brides could be identified in each district and could be encouraged to be part of the skills development mission.

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Annexures

9.0 GO Ms. No. 12 regarding the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme

GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA ABSTRACT

Scheduled Castes Development Department - “Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam” for extending financial assistance of Rs.51,000/- (Rupees Fifty one thousand only) to each unmarried girl belonging to Scheduled Castes /Scheduled Tribes at the time of marriage residing in Telangana State - Partial modification - Orders - Issued.

SCHEDULED CASTES DEVELOPMENT (POA.A1) DEPARTMENT

G.O.Ms.No.14 Dated: 21.10.2014.

Read: G.O.Ms.No.12, SCD(POA.A1) Dept., dated:24.09.2014.

ORDER:

In the G.O. read above, orders were issued introducing the scheme of “Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam” to all SC and ST unmarried girls on their marriage with a view to alleviate financial distress in the family under the Scheme, a onetime financial assistance of Rs.51,000/- at the time of marriage shall be granted to every SC/ST girl with effect from October 2, 2014.

In Partial modification of the orders issued in the G.O. read above, Under the Scheme, a onetime financial assistance of Rs.51,000/- shall be granted to every SC/ST girl before the marriage provided an application is submitted at least one month in advance from the date of marriage subject to the following guidelines given as under:

1. Eligibility Criteria: (a) The unmarried girl shall belong to SC/ST community. (b) The unmarried girl shall be a resident of Telangana State. (c) The unmarried girl should have completed 18 years of age at the time of marriage. (d) The combined income of the parents shall not exceed Rs.2,00,000/- per annum. (e) The wedding of the SC/ST girl shall be on or after October 2, 2014.

2. Procedure for application and processing: (a) Applicant shall apply online for the Telangana Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam by accessing the website at the following site: http://epasswebsite. cgg.gov.in through any MEESEVA Center or may submit their application directly at the Tahsildar Office. (b) The following certificates shall be submitted: (i) Date of birth - Issued by the competent authority. (ii) Caste Certificate - issued by the competent authority. (iii) Income Certificate (the certificate shall be latest and shall not be older than 6 months from the date of marriage). (iv) Aadhaar card of the bride and bridegroom to be scanned and uploaded (if available) (v) A scanned copy of the first page of Bank Pass Book

31

(Saving Account) containing the photo of the bride and the account details in the name of the bride. (vi) Wedding card (if available). (vii) The following documents/certificates shall be submitted where the wedding has been performed or after the wedding. Letter by the Gram Panchayat/Church/Mosque/any other authority/ institution which has performed the marriage.

3. The Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam cannot be combined with any other scheme such as the incentive award for inter-caste marriage with Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

4. The Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam is only a one time financial assistance and can be availed only once in the life time of the bride.

5. The Joint Director/Deputy Director / DTWO/ PO, ITDA of the Scheduled Caste Development/ Tribal Welfare Department shall process the application and after due verification of the documents by the field staff, sanction the amount to be payable in the bank account of the Bride as furnished.

6. The Commissioner, Scheduled Castes Development and Tribal Welfare shall ensure wide publicity of the scheme.

7. The expenditure is debitable to the following head of account 2225 - welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other Back Ward Classes. 01 - Welfare of SCs 800 - other expenditure 11 - Normal State Plan SH(13) - Kalyana Lakshmi Scheme 310 - Grant-in-Aid 312-Other Grant-in Aid (to be opened)

8. The Commissioners, Scheduled Castes Development and Tribal Welfare shall take necessary action accordingly.

9. This order is available in Telangana State Government website www.goir.telangana.gov.in.

(BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF TELANGANA)

J. RAYMOND PETERPRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT (FAC)

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9.1 GO Ms. No. 18 regarding changes in certain procedures of Kalyana Lakshmi scheme

Orders were issued introducing the scheme of Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam to all Socially and Educationally Backward Classes / Economically Backward Classes unmarried girls on their marriage with a view to alleviate financial distress in the family. Under the Scheme, a onetime financial assistance of Rs.51,000/- at the time of marriage shall be granted to every (SEBC/EBC) Girl with effect from 1st April, 2016, subject to the conditions specified therein. Orders were also issued therein specifying certain guidelines in sanction of said amount to the (SEBC/EBC) unmarried girls/beneficiaries.

Government of Telangana noticed certain hard ships / lapses in process of field verification, preparation and submission of bills in the treasury, sanctioning in the treasury and finally transferring the amount to the bride’s account etc.

Government after examination of the matter in detail in partial modification of orders issued in references issued the following orders:-

(i) Only MROs will process & verify the applications received under Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam, instead of present system of processing & verifying by Deputy Director/District BC Welfare Officer of the Backward Classes Welfare Department.

(ii) Beneficiaries list will be approved / countersigned by the concerned Constituency MLA. The approved hard copy will be retained as a record and the same will also be scanned and uploaded in the online system.

(iii) Approved / Counter signed beneficiary list be sent to the District Officers (DD/DBCWO) for preparation and make ready the pre-printed cheques for distribution by the MLA.

(iv) Cheques will be distributed by the concerned constituency MLA to the beneficiary once in a week, on a specific day, at Mandal HQ/Talaq HQ, as per wish of MLA.

(v) Cheques will be issued as in case of CMRF (as in the CMRF programme, herein also pre-printed cheques to be made available to the District Officers of the Welfare Departments from the Treasury).

(vi) Cheque will be issued to the beneficiary instead of present system of transferring amount to the account of the beneficiary through online.

(vii) Crossed Cheque will be issued in the name of the mother of the bride instead of present system in the name of the bride through online transfer.

(viii) Aadhar card of the bride and bridegroom are mandatory and shall be scanned & uploaded, in order to avoid misuse.

The Director General, Centre for Good Governance, Telangana. Survey No.91, Near Outer Ring Road Chowrasta, Gachibowli, Hyderabad shall take necessary immediate action in providing login facility in the e-pass website to Tahsildars / MROs to

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receive and clear all the applications in respect of Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam in due consultation with the Commissioner, BC Welfare Department, Telangana State, Hyderabad.

The Commissioner, BC Welfare Department, Telangana State, Hyderabad shall take necessary immediate action accordingly.

The Finance department shall issue necessary instructions to the treasury officials to take necessary action as per para (3) above.

Backward Classes Welfare Department - “Kalyana Lakshmi Pathakam” for extending one-time financial assistance of Rs.51,000/- (Rupees Fifty One Thousand only) to each unmarried girl belonging to socially, educationally Backward Classes and Economically Backward Classes at the time of marriage residing in Telangana State - Change in certain procedures - Modification - Orders - Issued

BACKWARD CLASSES WELFARE (OP) DEPARTMENT G.O. MS.No. 18 Dated: 29-06-2016:-

1) G.O.Rt.No.298, B.C. Welfare (B) Department, Dt.19.10.20152) G.O.Ms.No.05, B.C. Welfare (OP) Department, Dt.21.04.20163) G.O.Ms.No.06, B.C. Welfare (OP) Department, Dt.25.04.20164) G.O.Ms.No.24, SCD (POA.A1) Department, Dt.24.06.20165) From SCDD (POA.A1) Dept., U.O.Note.No.5249/ SCD.POA.A1 /2016, Dt.24.06.2016

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SL. No District Name

No. of beneficiaries

SC ST Total

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

1 ADILABAD 179 20 199 217 7 224 396 27 423

2 HYDERABAD 0 66 66 0 13 13 0 79 79

3 KARIMNAGAR 276 30 306 61 10 71 337 40 377

4 KHAMMAM 159 27 186 223 13 236 382 40 422

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 314 17 331 151 4 155 465 21 486

6 MEDAK 175 21 196 97 2 99 272 23 295

7 NALGONDA 266 22 288 164 8 172 430 30 460

8 NIZAMABAD 134 10 144 70 3 73 204 13 217

9 RANGAREDDY 145 50 195 58 15 73 203 65 268

10 WARANGAL 189 43 232 187 11 198 376 54 430

TOTAL 1837 306 2143 1228 86 1314 3065 392 3457

9.2 Data tables for Kalyana Lakshmi survey

Table 14: Details of the sample beneficiaries

Sl.No. District Name Below Rs. 24k Between

Rs. 24k to 60kBetween Rs. 60k

to 1.5 lakhBetween Rs. 1.5

lakh to Rs. 2 LakhAbove

Rs. 2 Lakh Total

1 ADILABAD 3 140 278 1 1 423

2 HYDERABAD 1 4 57 16 1 79

3 KARIMNAGAR 11 100 262 2 2 377

4 KHAMMAM 1 82 311 19 9 422

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 6 171 285 23 1 486

6 MEDAK 4 98 191 1 1 295

7 NALGONDA 2 86 358 9 5 460

8 NIZAMABAD 4 109 102 1 1 217

9 RANGAREDDY 18 68 173 7 2 268

10 WARANGAL 4 96 289 34 7 430

STATE AVERAGE 54 954 2306 113 30 3457

Table 15: Sample beneficiaries segregated by parent’s annual income

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Social Category

SL. No

District Name

Percent of brides

Illiterate Primary (1-5 class)

Middle & Secondary (6-10 class)

Intermediate (11-12 class)

Degree & Above

Diploma / Certificate Others

SC

1 ADILABAD 38.1 6.3 23.4 17.1 15.0 0.1 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 21.2 12.3 36.6 15.1 14.7 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 36.5 7.0 22.9 17.7 14.3 1.3 0.3

4 KHAMMAM 32.5 9.8 23.2 15.7 17.5 1.4 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 48.7 8.3 19.4 14.4 7.7 1.3 0.3

6 MEDAK 39.9 9.8 22.5 18.3 7.2 2.2 0.1

7 NALGONDA 35.5 10.6 19.1 18.4 14.2 1.9 0.4

8 NIZAMABAD 38.1 6.2 25.6 15.7 12.5 1.7 0.2

9 RANGAREDDY 32.2 8.7 29.5 17.5 11.6 0.5 0.0

10 WARANGAL 34.8 8.3 24.6 17.4 13.4 1.2 0.3

TOTAL 37.6 8.5 23.2 16.8 12.4 1.3 0.2

ST

1 ADILABAD 46.0 11.0 22.8 12.7 7.4 0.2 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 27.4 14.5 30.6 16.1 11.3 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 40.3 8.2 21.1 12.9 16.7 0.9 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 41.9 7.6 18.4 14.3 15.1 2.6 0.1

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 51.3 14.2 19.1 9.2 5.7 0.5 0.0

6 MEDAK 48.9 11.9 20.2 11.9 5.9 1.2 0.0

7 NALGONDA 44.7 11.0 18.5 12.6 11.6 1.5 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 39.9 10.6 28.8 13.7 5.6 1.1 0.3

9 RANGAREDDY 35.5 12.3 26.7 16.8 7.5 1.3 0.0

10 WARANGAL 42.2 9.5 20.9 14.7 10.6 2.2 0.0

TOTAL 44.0 10.6 21.1 13.1 9.8 1.3 0.0

State

1 ADILABAD 42.5 8.9 23.0 14.7 10.8 0.2 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 22.3 12.7 35.6 15.3 14.1 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 37.2 7.2 22.5 16.8 14.8 1.3 0.2

4 KHAMMAM 37.9 8.6 20.4 14.9 16.1 2.1 0.1

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 49.6 10.2 19.3 12.6 7.0 1.1 0.2

6 MEDAK 43.1 10.5 21.7 16.0 6.7 1.8 0.1

7 NALGONDA 39.1 10.7 18.9 16.1 13.2 1.7 0.2

8 NIZAMABAD 38.8 7.9 26.8 15.0 9.8 1.5 0.2

9 RANGAREDDY 33.1 9.7 28.7 17.3 10.4 0.8 0.0

10 WARANGAL 38.3 8.8 22.9 16.1 12.1 1.7 0.2

TOTAL 40.1 9.4 22.4 15.4 11.4 1.3 0.1

Table 16: Percentage of brides - by Education level

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Social Category

SL. No

District Name Illiterate Primary (1-5 class)

Middle & Secondary (6-10 class)

Intermediate (11-12 class)

Degree & Above

Diploma / Certificate Others

SC

1 ADILABAD 73.8 8.1 13.8 3.1 1.3 0.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 31.6 21.1 36.8 5.3 5.3 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 75.5 10.0 10.4 2.8 1.2 0.0 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 56.0 12.7 24.0 4.0 3.3 0.0 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 87.4 5.2 5.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 MEDAK 80.6 11.0 7.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

7 NALGONDA 63.4 19.6 11.5 4.7 0.9 0.0 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 68.8 9.8 18.8 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 62.5 14.5 17.8 3.9 0.7 0.7 0.0

10 WARANGAL 67.4 12.0 13.7 5.7 1.1 0.0 0.0

TOTAL 70.9 11.6 13.2 3.3 1.0 0.1 0.0

ST

1 ADILABAD 88.5 4.6 5.7 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 30.0 50.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 75.0 10.0 10.0 1.7 3.3 0.0 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 79.1 9.5 8.5 1.4 0.9 0.0 0.5

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 87.2 6.4 5.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 MEDAK 83.1 10.1 3.4 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0

7 NALGONDA 77.4 10.1 11.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 76.9 7.7 12.3 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 58.5 18.5 20.0 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.0

10 WARANGAL 76.8 11.3 7.1 3.6 0.6 0.6 0.0

TOTAL 79.3 9.5 8.5 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.1

State

1 ADILABAD 81.4 6.3 9.6 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 31.3 27.1 33.3 4.2 4.2 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 75.4 10.0 10.4 2.6 1.6 0.0 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 69.5 10.8 15.0 2.5 1.9 0.0 0.3

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 87.3 5.6 5.6 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

6 MEDAK 81.6 10.7 5.7 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0

7 NALGONDA 69.0 15.7 11.4 3.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 71.8 9.0 16.4 2.3 0.0 0.6 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 61.3 15.7 18.4 3.2 0.9 0.5 0.0

10 WARANGAL 72.0 11.7 10.5 4.7 0.9 0.3 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 74.3 10.7 11.3 2.6 0.9 0.1 0.0

Table 17: Percentage of brides - by Father’s Education level

37

Social Category

SL. No

District Name Illiterate Primary (1-5 class)

Middle & Secondary (6-10 class)

Intermediate (11-12 class)

Degree & Above

Diploma / Certificate

SC

1 ADILABAD 73.8 8.1 13.8 3.1 1.3 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 31.6 21.1 36.8 5.3 5.3 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 75.5 10.0 10.4 2.8 1.2 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 56.0 12.7 24.0 4.0 3.3 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 87.4 5.2 5.9 1.5 0.0 0.0

6 MEDAK 80.6 11.0 7.1 1.3 0.0 0.0

7 NALGONDA 63.4 19.6 11.5 4.7 0.9 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 68.8 9.8 18.8 2.7 0.0 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 62.5 14.5 17.8 3.9 0.7 0.7

10 WARANGAL 67.4 12.0 13.7 5.7 1.1 0.0

TOTAL 70.9 11.6 13.2 3.3 1.0 0.1

ST

1 ADILABAD 88.5 4.6 5.7 0.6 0.6 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 30.0 50.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 75.0 10.0 10.0 1.7 3.3 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 79.1 9.5 8.5 1.4 0.9 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 87.2 6.4 5.0 1.4 0.0 0.0

6 MEDAK 83.1 10.1 3.4 2.2 1.1 0.0

7 NALGONDA 77.4 10.1 11.3 0.6 0.6 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 76.9 7.7 12.3 1.5 0.0 1.5

9 RANGAREDDY 58.5 18.5 20.0 1.5 1.5 0.0

10 WARANGAL 76.8 11.3 7.1 3.6 0.6 0.6

TOTAL 79.3 9.5 8.5 1.6 0.8 0.2

State

1 ADILABAD 81.4 6.3 9.6 1.8 0.9 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 31.3 27.1 33.3 4.2 4.2 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 75.4 10.0 10.4 2.6 1.6 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 69.5 10.8 15.0 2.5 1.9 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 87.3 5.6 5.6 1.5 0.0 0.0

6 MEDAK 81.6 10.7 5.7 1.6 0.4 0.0

7 NALGONDA 69.0 15.7 11.4 3.0 0.8 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 71.8 9.0 16.4 2.3 0.0 0.6

9 RANGAREDDY 61.3 15.7 18.4 3.2 0.9 0.5

10 WARANGAL 72.0 11.7 10.5 4.7 0.9 0.3

STATE AVERAGE 74.3 10.7 11.3 2.6 0.9 0.1

Table 18: Percentage of brides - by Mother’s Education level

38

Social Cate-gory

SL. No District Name Student

Agri-culture Labour

Self employed

Sala-ried

Un-skilled Labour

Housewife

Domestic Maid

Farmer with less than 2

hectares

Farmer with more

than 2 hectares

Others*

SC

1 ADILABAD 19.0 29.8 3.7 3.0 7.8 15.2 5.3 9.5 1.4 5.4

2 HYDERABAD 13.4 0.0 6.8 19.5 8.2 36.6 5.1 0.0 0.0 10.3

3 KARIMNAGAR 18.0 27.0 5.4 2.8 10.7 19.7 1.4 3.7 0.2 11.0

4 KHAMMAM 15.9 36.6 3.4 4.1 5.6 22.4 3.0 2.3 0.1 6.65 MAHABUBNAGAR 22.2 29.5 2.7 3.0 10.1 10.2 4.4 10.2 0.9 6.7

6 MEDAK 23.7 23.2 1.8 2.5 10.7 18.1 2.1 10.6 0.3 7.1

7 NALGONDA 22.6 24.7 3.5 3.9 13.1 14.4 3.4 4.9 0.2 9.4

8 NIZAMABAD 20.4 28.9 7.1 2.9 4.0 18.7 2.8 7.1 0.7 7.4

9 RANGAREDDY 19.5 13.6 3.0 6.4 17.7 15.5 5.5 5.8 0.1 12.9

10 WARANGAL 21.4 29.1 4.1 3.8 12.8 17.2 1.0 5.2 0.5 5.0

TOTAL 20.3 26.0 3.8 4.0 10.7 16.8 3.3 6.5 0.5 8.1

ST

1 ADILABAD 19.8 36.6 1.7 0.9 4.8 11.7 4.1 13.8 3.7 3.0

2 HYDERABAD 14.5 0.0 6.5 21.0 14.5 27.4 6.5 0.0 0.0 9.7

3 KARIMNAGAR 21.4 26.7 5.3 1.9 10.1 18.6 1.3 5.0 1.6 8.2

4 KHAMMAM 20.1 29.3 2.4 2.2 2.8 16.6 3.8 16.1 2.8 4.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 24.1 24.0 3.2 1.3 11.7 10.1 4.5 15.9 1.3 4.0

6 MEDAK 24.6 24.8 0.2 1.8 7.7 14.3 3.8 18.4 1.6 3.0

7 NALGONDA 25.1 31.6 2.8 1.1 5.6 11.8 1.5 10.8 2.6 7.1

8 NIZAMABAD 26.0 33.8 3.9 1.1 1.1 12.0 2.0 14.5 1.1 4.5

9 RANGAREDDY 25.6 16.3 4.0 3.5 11.5 10.9 6.9 11.5 0.0 9.9

10 WARANGAL 26.1 25.6 2.7 1.2 4.6 14.3 0.4 19.0 1.6 4.5

TOTAL 23.1 28.3 2.7 1.7 6.2 13.4 3.1 14.5 2.1 4.9

* Others include Skilled labour, Retired, Unable to work, Agriculture labour, casual labour, BD worker, House wife, unemployed, working in gulf country, private job etc.

Table 19: Percentage of Brides -Occupation wise

39

Social Cate-gory

District Name

Bride’s Father Bride’s Mother

Agri-culture Labour

Self emp-loyed

Sala-ried

Un-skilled Labour

House-wife

Domestic Maid

Agri-culture Labour

Self emp-loyed

Sala-ried

Un-skilled Labour

House-wife

Domestic Maid

SC

ADILABAD 42.5 6.9 3.1 11.3 1.9 0.0 46.8 3.2 0.5 12.6 14.2 4.2HYDERABAD 0.0 31.6 23.7 15.8 5.3 0.0 0.0 5.5 1.8 5.5 61.8 21.8

KARIMNAGAR 48.6 4.4 2.4 18.5 0.0 0.8 53.0 5.9 1.0 13.9 12.5 1.4

KHAMMAM 56.0 4.7 7.3 8.7 2.7 0.0 63.6 2.8 1.1 5.1 20.5 2.8

MAHABUB-NAGAR 38.1 3.0 2.2 12.2 0.7 0.4 55.6 1.0 0.6 11.9 7.1 3.9

MEDAK 30.3 3.2 2.6 16.8 0.0 0.0 50.3 1.1 0.0 17.8 14.1 1.1

NALGONDA 40.0 4.3 3.0 20.0 0.9 0.4 54.3 1.9 2.3 26.8 5.3 0.8

NIZAMABAD 49.1 7.1 3.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 49.6 8.7 0.0 7.1 18.9 0.0RANGAREDDY 20.4 10.5 2.6 31.6 0.0 0.0 27.1 1.1 2.2 32.0 16.0 9.9

WARANGAL 40.6 5.7 4.6 21.1 0.0 0.0 57.7 1.8 0.5 21.2 9.0 0.9

TOTAL 39.7 5.8 3.8 16.3 0.8 0.2 50.2 2.9 1.0 16.6 13.4 3.3

ST

ADILABAD 40.2 2.3 1.7 7.5 0.6 0.0 48.8 1.9 0.0 6.7 12.4 3.8

HYDERABAD 0.0 20.0 10.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 15.4 53.8 15.4

KARIMNAGAR 45.0 16.7 5.0 16.7 0.0 0.0 53.0 3.0 0.0 18.2 15.2 1.5

KHAMMAM 34.1 5.2 1.9 4.7 0.9 0.0 50.0 2.7 1.4 2.7 13.1 4.1

MAHABUB-NAGAR 26.2 3.5 0.7 11.3 0.0 0.0 43.8 2.0 0.0 14.4 9.2 7.2

MEDAK 34.8 0.0 2.2 14.6 0.0 1.1 41.0 0.0 2.0 12.0 11.0 4.0

NALGONDA 45.3 5.0 0.0 8.2 0.0 0.0 57.4 2.4 0.0 11.2 7.1 0.6

NIZAMABAD 44.6 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 3.0 0.0 1.5 10.4 3.0

RANGAREDDY 10.8 7.7 6.2 24.6 0.0 0.0 38.9 1.4 0.0 16.7 6.9 12.5

WARANGAL 28.6 4.2 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 49.5 2.6 0.5 7.7 4.1 0.5

TOTAL 34.4 4.7 1.6 9.3 0.3 0.1 48.9 2.1 0.6 9.1 10.2 3.8

Table 20: Percentage of Brides - Parent’s Occupation wise

40

Social Category

SL. No

District Name Landless Thatched House Tin House Tiled House RCC

House Rented Own

SC

1 ADILABAD 61.8 10.1 34.7 45.2 10.1 3.5 96.0

2 HYDERABAD 97.0 7.6 30.3 4.5 57.6 37.9 57.6

3 KARIMNAGAR 53.6 3.6 23.5 40.5 32.4 2.9 97.1

4 KHAMMAM 74.7 5.4 7.5 4.3 82.8 9.7 89.8

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 34.4 8.2 13.6 16.6 58.0 1.8 98.2

6 MEDAK 31.1 7.7 18.4 59.2 14.8 3.6 95.4

7 NALGONDA 50.7 7.3 18.8 10.8 62.8 5.6 93.4

8 NIZAMABAD 43.8 5.6 14.6 50.0 29.9 6.9 93.1

9 RANGAREDDY 51.8 5.1 22.1 22.1 46.2 11.8 87.7

10 WARANGAL 54.3 6.9 17.2 34.1 40.5 10.8 88.8

TOTAL 51.4 6.7 19.3 29.0 43.9 6.8 92.6

ST

1 ADILABAD 35.3 21.0 24.6 47.8 6.7 0.4 99.6

2 HYDERABAD 100.0 0.0 38.5 7.7 53.8 23.1 69.2

3 KARIMNAGAR 59.2 7.0 23.9 39.4 25.4 4.2 91.5

4 KHAMMAM 39.8 17.4 11.0 6.4 65.3 2.1 97.9

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 15.5 14.2 19.4 18.7 47.1 1.3 98.7

6 MEDAK 25.3 4.0 22.2 53.5 19.2 2.0 97.0

7 NALGONDA 16.9 2.9 14.0 5.8 76.7 3.5 96.5

8 NIZAMABAD 32.9 6.8 20.5 43.8 28.8 2.7 97.3

9 RANGAREDDY 30.1 9.6 27.4 26.0 27.4 6.8 93.2

10 WARANGAL 26.8 9.1 14.6 24.7 50.0 3.0 96.5

TOTAL 30.8 11.7 18.5 26.1 42.5 2.7 96.9

Table 21: Percentage of Brides with land ownership & housing condition

41

Table 22: Percentage of Brides with moveable assets ownership

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

Percent of responses on Asset Ownership

Car Jeep Auto Bike Tractor Milch Cows Buffaloes Others

SC

1 ADILABAD 0.5 0.0 0.5 15.1 0.0 4.0 5.5 5.5

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 0.0 1.5 51.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1

3 KARIMNAGAR 0.0 0.0 1.0 12.4 0.7 0.7 3.6 3.6

4 KHAMMAM 0.0 0.0 0.5 16.7 0.5 1.1 7.5 1.1

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 0.0 0.0 0.9 20.2 0.6 4.5 2.7 4.2

6 MEDAK 0.0 0.0 0.5 16.3 0.0 4.1 6.1 3.1

7 NALGONDA 0.0 0.0 1.0 18.8 0.3 4.9 6.3 2.4

8 NIZAMABAD 1.4 0.0 0.7 31.3 0.7 2.1 1.4 31.3

9 RANGAREDDY 1.0 0.0 0.0 36.9 0.0 0.0 3.1 4.6

10 WARANGAL 0.0 0.0 2.2 10.8 0.9 0.4 1.7 1.3

TOTAL 0.2 0.0 0.9 20.0 0.4 2.5 4.1 5.2

ST

1 ADILABAD 0.0 0.0 1.3 6.3 0.0 12.5 5.8 8.9

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 0.0 7.7 46.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7

3 KARIMNAGAR 0.0 0.0 7.0 16.9 1.4 2.8 1.4 4.2

4 KHAMMAM 0.0 0.0 0.4 21.2 2.5 7.6 11.9 1.7

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 0.0 0.0 1.9 19.4 1.3 8.4 5.8 5.8

6 MEDAK 1.0 0.0 2.0 18.2 2.0 14.1 16.2 4.0

7 NALGONDA 0.0 0.0 4.1 19.8 1.7 20.3 19.8 5.2

8 NIZAMABAD 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.8 2.7 2.7 11.0 23.3

9 RANGAREDDY 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.2 1.4 8.2 1.4 5.5

10 WARANGAL 0.0 0.0 1.5 9.1 1.0 12.1 16.2 5.1

TOTAL 0.1 0.0 1.9 18.0 1.4 10.8 10.8 6.2

42

Table 23: Details of bride’s family details, parent’s income and bride’s age

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

Total Adolescent girls (12-18

years) among beneficiary

family

Total number of families

having Salaried member

Total number of members

having Degree and above education

Median of

parent’s combined income

Lowest parent’s

combined income

Highest parent’s

combined income

Average age

of the bride at marriage

SC

1 ADILABAD 53 22 131 60000 10000 240000 21.4

2 HYDERABAD 15 41 43 84000 12000 190000 23.8

3 KARIMNAGAR 61 34 192 62000 11000 360000 21.8

4 KHAMMAM 28 29 135 70000 22000 150000 21.2

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 120 32 121 60000 10000 160000 20.7

6 MEDAK 63 15 66 60000 18000 140000 20.6

7 NALGONDA 71 41 184 70000 10000 600000 21.2

8 NIZAMABAD 37 14 72 55000 11000 250000 21.5

9 RANGAREDDY 45 43 108 60000 2000 920000 21.9

10 WARANGAL 54 33 140 70000 20000 250000 21.5

TOTAL 547 304 1192 60000 2000 920000 21.4

ST

1 ADILABAD 95 8 79 60000 20000 100000 21.0

2 HYDERABAD 5 9 7 80000 60000 216000 22.4

3 KARIMNAGAR 22 6 53 60000 10000 150000 20.3

4 KHAMMAM 60 20 157 70000 30000 250000 20.8

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 62 10 45 60000 25000 350000 19.5

6 MEDAK 48 7 30 60000 15000 215000 19.6

7 NALGONDA 53 8 95 70000 30000 600000 19.8

8 NIZAMABAD 37 3 20 60000 20000 100000 20.0

9 RANGAREDDY 29 10 28 60000 20000 180000 19.9

10 WARANGAL 58 9 97 70000 15000 350000 19.9

TOTAL 469 90 611 60000 10000 600000 20.2

43

Table 24: Location of marriage held

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

Percent of marriages registered

Percentage of marriages held at

Resi-dence

At Function

Hall

At Comm-unity hall

At religious

place

In bridegroom

place

In the village

In the City

Outside State

SC

1 ADILABAD 0.0 57.8 5.5 2.0 10.6 22.6 91.5 1.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 1.5 21.2 37.9 6.1 22.7 3.0 3.0 77.3 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 0.3 85.0 3.6 1.0 4.2 5.2 90.2 0.0 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 1.1 64.0 6.5 1.1 14.5 12.4 81.2 1.1 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 0.0 58.6 0.9 0.6 10.0 29.3 92.7 0.9 0.6

6 MEDAK 0.0 78.1 2.6 2.0 9.2 8.2 90.3 0.5 0.5

7 NALGONDA 1.0 62.2 8.7 0.3 6.9 20.1 83.3 1.0 0.7

8 NIZAMABAD 0.7 66.0 9.7 2.1 2.1 19.4 88.9 1.4 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 2.6 47.7 23.6 4.1 9.7 10.8 76.4 9.2 0.0

10 WARANGAL 1.7 71.1 2.6 0.9 14.7 8.6 80.2 6.9 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 0.8 64.7 7.4 1.5 9.5 15.2 83.9 4.6 0.2

ST

1 ADILABAD 0.0 72.3 0.0 0.0 8.0 18.8 96.9 0.4 0.4

2 HYDERABAD 0.0 23.1 30.8 0.0 38.5 0.0 7.7 53.8 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 0.0 93.0 0.0 1.4 4.2 1.4 87.3 0.0 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 0.0 78.8 0.8 0.0 6.4 13.1 91.9 0.0 1.3

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 0.0 83.9 0.6 0.0 2.6 12.3 94.2 0.6 0.0

6 MEDAK 0.0 97.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 97.0 0.0 0.0

7 NALGONDA 0.6 94.2 1.2 0.0 2.3 0.6 95.9 0.0 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 0.0 84.9 1.4 1.4 4.1 8.2 97.3 0.0 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 1.4 82.2 6.8 2.7 1.4 6.8 86.3 1.4 0.0

10 WARANGAL 3.0 95.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0 96.0 1.0 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 0.6 84.9 1.3 0.3 4.3 8.4 93.5 0.9 0.3

44

Table 25: Acquaintances with influential people, Linkages with Govt. schemes and Banking

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

Close acquaintance in influential

positions

Applied to State Govt. schemes in

the past

Applied to state Govt. scheme for

the first time

Opened the bank account for the sake of scheme

SC

1 ADILABAD 3.5 44.7 55.3 79.4

2 HYDERABAD 21.2 30.3 69.7 40.9

3 KARIMNAGAR 14.4 47.4 52.6 53.3

4 KHAMMAM 10.8 45.2 54.8 65.6

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 18.1 57.1 42.9 75.5

6 MEDAK 15.8 41.3 58.7 58.2

7 NALGONDA 16.7 49.0 51.0 65.6

8 NIZAMABAD 18.1 22.2 77.8 66.7

9 RANGAREDDY 15.9 41.0 59.0 48.2

10 WARANGAL 27.2 11.6 88.4 65.9

STATE AVERAGE 16.1 41.4 58.6 63.7

ST

1 ADILABAD 7.6 49.6 50.4 85.3

2 HYDERABAD 38.5 30.8 69.2 46.2

3 KARIMNAGAR 16.9 43.7 56.3 52.1

4 KHAMMAM 7.6 44.9 55.1 57.6

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 20.0 47.1 52.9 83.2

6 MEDAK 16.2 48.5 51.5 68.7

7 NALGONDA 23.8 38.4 61.6 67.4

8 NIZAMABAD 19.2 17.8 82.2 84.9

9 RANGAREDDY 12.3 41.1 58.9 43.8

10 WARANGAL 23.7 12.6 87.4 76.3

STATE AVERAGE 16.0 38.6 61.4 70.6

45

Table 26: Awareness and sources of information about the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

Percent of beneficiaries

having awareness

about the KL scheme

Percent of beneficiaries

having awareness about the eligibility conditions

Percent of responses on source of information onKL scheme of marriages held at

Local Leaders

Parents / Relatives

Friends / Neighbours

Govt.staff Self

Others(panchayat

office, advertisements,

ANM, AWW, media)

SC

1 ADILABAD 98.0 67.8 27.7 33.3 57.9 9.7 29.2 6.7

2 HYDERABAD 100.0 51.5 12.1 39.4 69.7 12.1 13.6 10.6

3 KARIMNAGAR 99.7 75.8 26.6 44.6 58.4 17.4 24.9 29.2

4 KHAMMAM 98.4 72.0 18.6 45.9 47.0 12.0 14.2 16.4

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 95.5 44.7 27.8 48.4 65.5 10.1 19.6 11.7

6 MEDAK 99.0 71.9 23.7 46.9 71.6 21.1 28.9 12.9

7 NALGONDA 97.6 72.6 21.4 40.6 53.0 15.7 19.6 11.0

8 NIZAMABAD 98.6 56.9 20.4 58.5 69.7 22.5 23.2 16.9

9 RANGAREDDY 99.0 72.3 9.3 34.7 43.0 17.1 21.8 15.0

10 WARANGAL 99.6 69.8 21.2 48.9 45.0 14.7 45.0 11.7

STATE AVERAGE 98.3 66.2 22.2 44.3 57.2 15.1 24.7 14.8

ST

1 ADILABAD 97.3 61.2 26.6 29.8 54.1 12.8 30.7 12.8

2 HYDERABAD 100.0 53.8 7.7 38.5 61.5 15.4 15.4 15.4

3 KARIMNAGAR 100.0 70.4 32.4 40.8 60.6 21.1 23.9 33.8

4 KHAMMAM 99.2 57.6 22.6 41.0 47.9 19.2 17.1 12.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 93.5 42.6 22.8 56.6 62.1 11.0 19.3 11.0

6 MEDAK 98.0 62.6 22.7 41.2 59.8 27.8 39.2 6.2

7 NALGONDA 98.3 81.4 15.4 56.2 54.4 11.2 17.8 11.2

8 NIZAMABAD 98.6 50.7 26.4 38.9 61.1 29.2 23.6 18.1

9 RANGAREDDY 100.0 80.8 23.3 39.7 56.2 9.6 28.8 9.6

10 WARANGAL 98.5 74.7 34.4 52.8 60.0 11.3 35.9 14.4

STATE AVERAGE 97.9 64.1 24.8 44.4 56.2 15.7 25.6 13.3

46

Table 27: Penetration of the publicity materials

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

% of beneficiaries who have seen

publicity materials

Percent of responses regarding the kind of Publicity materials seen

Pamplets Posters TV Newspaper Radio Public event

Public announcement

SC

1 ADILABAD 92.5 2.2 25.0 88.0 53.3 1.1 6.0 12.0

2 HYDERABAD 97.0 0.0 23.4 89.1 50.0 7.8 0.0 3.1

3 KARIMNAGAR 98.0 7.3 28.7 86.0 63.3 1.0 3.0 7.3

4 KHAMMAM 94.6 4.0 22.2 79.5 69.3 0.0 3.4 6.3

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 82.8 3.6 21.9 72.6 49.3 0.0 13.1 10.9

6 MEDAK 98.0 8.9 49.0 83.9 54.2 1.0 4.2 16.1

7 NALGONDA 93.8 1.1 15.9 81.1 72.6 0.0 1.9 5.6

8 NIZAMABAD 94.4 2.9 57.4 84.6 55.9 1.5 8.8 36.0

9 RANGAREDDY 96.4 5.9 52.7 86.2 43.6 1.6 0.5 3.2

10 WARANGAL 97.0 5.8 17.8 87.1 65.3 1.3 0.9 11.1

STATE AVERAGE 93.7 4.5 29.9 83.1 58.8 1.0 4.5 10.6

ST

1 ADILABAD 91.1 8.8 23.5 89.2 48.0 1.5 5.4 20.6

2 HYDERABAD 92.3 0.0 33.3 75.0 41.7 8.3 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 95.8 10.3 33.8 88.2 58.8 1.5 2.9 7.4

4 KHAMMAM 96.2 4.0 22.5 74.0 59.9 0.0 0.9 2.2

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 81.9 5.5 24.4 70.9 39.4 0.0 14.2 16.5

6 MEDAK 94.9 9.6 47.9 77.7 45.7 4.3 5.3 17.0

7 NALGONDA 95.3 1.8 10.4 82.3 60.4 0.6 1.8 11.6

8 NIZAMABAD 93.2 2.9 44.1 88.2 55.9 1.5 4.4 25.0

9 RANGAREDDY 97.3 2.8 59.2 91.5 38.0 1.4 1.4 1.4

10 WARANGAL 96.0 4.2 18.4 82.6 62.6 1.6 1.6 5.3

STATE AVERAGE 93.2 5.3 26.6 81.6 53.5 1.2 3.9 11.1

47

Table 28: Application process - timing and by whom

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

% of applications submitted

before marriage

% of applications submitted

after marriage

Percent of respondents who applied through

Self (Bride)

Bride parents Bridegroom Relatives /

Friends

Others(Brother,

local leader & middle men)

SC

1 ADILABAD 40.2 59.8 6.0 63.3 6.5 18.1 6.0

2 HYDERABAD 53.0 47.0 12.1 47.0 13.6 21.2 6.1

3 KARIMNAGAR 25.8 74.2 16.3 63.1 6.5 10.8 3.3

4 KHAMMAM 16.7 83.3 22.6 63.4 5.9 7.5 0.5

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 16.0 84.0 6.6 59.5 14.5 17.2 2.1

6 MEDAK 41.3 58.7 12.8 71.4 1.5 11.7 2.6

7 NALGONDA 21.2 78.8 12.8 70.1 6.3 8.0 2.8

8 NIZAMABAD 34.7 65.3 12.5 65.3 8.3 11.8 2.1

9 RANGAREDDY 39.0 61.0 20.5 53.8 7.7 14.9 3.1

10 WARANGAL 16.8 83.2 12.1 67.2 7.8 7.8 5.2

STATE AVERAGE 27.3 72.7 13.2 63.6 7.8 12.3 3.2

ST

1 ADILABAD 37.1 62.9 3.1 73.2 3.1 16.1 4.5

2 HYDERABAD 38.5 61.5 15.4 15.4 46.2 15.4 7.7

3 KARIMNAGAR 35.2 64.8 9.9 70.4 5.6 14.1 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 7.2 92.8 17.8 66.9 5.5 8.9 0.8

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 11.6 88.4 4.5 61.9 11.0 19.4 3.2

6 MEDAK 29.3 70.7 9.1 69.7 1.0 13.1 7.1

7 NALGONDA 11.6 88.4 13.4 73.8 3.5 8.1 1.2

8 NIZAMABAD 46.6 53.4 11.0 71.2 2.7 13.7 1.4

9 RANGAREDDY 31.5 68.5 8.2 65.8 4.1 19.2 2.7

10 WARANGAL 13.6 86.4 8.6 76.3 5.1 6.6 3.5

STATE AVERAGE 21.4 78.6 9.7 69.8 5.3 12.4 2.8

48

Table 29: Application process - timing and by whom

SocialCategory

SL.No District Name

% of respondents expressing difficulty in application

process

% of respondents expressing the kind of difficulties

Lengthy application

form

Lengthy verification

process

Getting the

eligibility documents

Middlemen problems

Opening the bank account

Others(Gazette sign, Mee seva, lack of awareness

problems)

SC

1 ADILABAD 32.7 33.8 18.5 72.3 7.7 0.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 40.9 33.3 40.7 77.8 3.7 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 29.4 35.6 62.2 34.4 6.7 11.1 1.1

4 KHAMMAM 22.0 34.1 46.3 36.6 0.0 7.3 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 30.8 27.5 41.2 36.3 1.0 11.8 2.0

6 MEDAK 34.2 13.4 19.4 79.1 3.0 16.4 0.0

7 NALGONDA 29.9 12.8 66.3 48.8 1.2 2.3 1.2

8 NIZAMABAD 26.4 28.9 23.7 81.6 5.3 13.2 0.0

9 RANGAREDDY 45.1 19.3 35.2 67.0 0.0 3.4 0.0

10 WARANGAL 41.8 24.7 52.6 51.5 1.0 7.2 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 32.7 25.2 42.9 55.1 2.7 7.6 0.6

ST

1 ADILABAD 23.7 22.6 26.4 66.0 7.5 0.0 0.0

2 HYDERABAD 61.5 37.5 37.5 62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

3 KARIMNAGAR 26.8 47.4 78.9 21.1 10.5 0.0 0.0

4 KHAMMAM 33.1 14.1 61.5 39.7 0.0 6.4 0.0

5 MAHABUBNAGAR 31.0 22.9 54.2 41.7 4.2 8.3 0.0

6 MEDAK 29.3 24.1 17.2 72.4 6.9 17.2 0.0

7 NALGONDA 40.7 11.4 57.1 62.9 0.0 1.4 0.0

8 NIZAMABAD 32.9 50.0 37.5 83.3 0.0 8.3 4.2

9 RANGAREDDY 52.1 34.2 44.7 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

10 WARANGAL 44.9 11.2 38.2 69.7 1.1 11.2 1.1

STATE AVERAGE 34.7 21.1 46.3 57.2 2.4 5.9 0.4

49

Table 30: Expenses incurred during application process

SocialCate-gory

District Name

% of respondents

who had incurred expenses

during application

process

Average expenses incurred for Average time spent on

Eligibility documents,

opening bank

account

Submitting the

application form

Veri-fication process

Miscel-laneous

Eligibility documents,

opening bank

account

Submitting the

application form

Veri-fication process

Miscel-laneous

SC

ADILABAD 98.0 369.6 311.0 263.0 263.4 6.7 5.3 2.7 2.1

HYDERABAD 92.4 757.2 866.4 420.6 230.8 7.7 7.3 7.6 2.9

KARIMNAGAR 100.0 443.2 368.0 385.4 306.6 6.0 4.4 7.1 2.0

KHAMMAM 92.5 647.6 345.4 570.1 572.4 6.2 3.2 6.8 41.9MAHABUBNAGAR 96.7 877.6 546.0 460.3 468.8 5.1 4.3 4.4 3.6

MEDAK 99.5 728.4 414.5 413.7 360.3 5.9 5.5 6.8 3.3

NALGONDA 94.4 566.2 372.2 349.4 172.3 4.0 2.8 2.9 1.7

NIZAMABAD 99.3 665.6 410.1 207.0 260.2 3.0 3.9 1.6 2.0

RANGAREDDY 84.1 442.8 239.5 239.2 201.4 8.3 4.3 3.7 5.6

WARANGAL 100.0 807.6 461.1 502.3 502.6 9.0 8.9 11.6 3.9

STATE AVERAGE 96.1 627.3 409.5 375.0 342.4 6.1 4.8 5.1 5.8

ST

ADILABAD 99.6 481.1 284.7 182.5 285.6 9.3 5.4 2.6 2.8

HYDERABAD 100.0 406.8 385.8 516.7 50.0 8.6 3.1 5.3 1.5

KARIMNAGAR 100.0 849.8 407.0 288.4 383.3 5.9 4.6 8.2 2.1

KHAMMAM 89.8 685.3 510.9 633.9 490.1 5.9 4.6 11.9 5.4

MAHABUBNAGAR 97.4 744.0 575.1 580.6 630.1 4.5 4.4 5.3 5.3

MEDAK 100.0 908.2 458.6 991.1 512.8 6.6 5.2 11.4 2.4

NALGONDA 92.4 509.2 340.2 460.8 191.1 3.4 3.3 3.9 1.9

NIZAMABAD 100.0 625.5 392.1 303.3 217.0 3.5 4.1 1.6 1.9

RANGAREDDY 94.5 461.0 262.2 213.2 142.1 10.7 3.5 2.9 9.2

WARANGAL 100.0 915.7 486.8 593.4 354.0 8.6 7.8 7.9 2.3

STATE AVERAGE 96.5 670.2 421.4 470.2 356.2 6.8 5.0 5.6 4.0

50

Table 31: Expenses incurred during application process

SocialCate-gory

District Name

% of cases where

difference in expectations and actual grants is

reported

Average expenses incurred for Average time spent on

Lessthan 1 month

Between 1-3

months

Between 3-6

months

More than 6 months

Yet to receive Bank ATM Cheque

No / Partial with-

drawal

SC

ADILABAD 1.0 27.1 61.8 5.5 3.0 2.5 93.8 6.2 0.0 0.0

HYDERABAD 10.6 27.3 50.0 16.7 6.1 0.0 47.0 48.5 3.0 1.5

KARIMNAGAR 3.3 24.5 59.2 11.4 2.6 2.3 81.9 17.7 0.0 0.3

KHAMMAM 3.2 30.1 51.1 15.1 2.7 1.1 79.9 13.6 6.5 0.0MAHABUBNAGAR 11.8 18.7 63.7 11.8 3.3 2.4 85.4 12.1 2.2 0.3

MEDAK 0.5 25.0 66.3 7.1 1.0 0.5 82.6 16.9 0.0 0.5

NALGONDA 1.7 27.4 54.2 14.6 1.0 2.8 70.0 23.9 4.3 1.8

NIZAMABAD 12.5 22.2 63.2 9.0 1.4 4.2 84.8 12.3 0.0 2.9

RANGAREDDY 2.1 17.4 63.1 11.3 3.6 4.6 81.2 14.5 1.6 2.7

WARANGAL 5.6 28.4 48.3 14.7 4.7 3.9 80.3 18.8 0.9 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 4.9 24.5 58.6 11.6 2.8 2.6 80.7 16.6 1.8 0.9

ST

ADILABAD 0.0 15.6 72.8 4.5 1.3 5.8 98.1 1.9 0.0 0.0

HYDERABAD 15.4 15.4 76.9 7.7 0.0 0.0 23.1 76.9 0.0 0.0

KARIMNAGAR 2.8 16.9 56.3 25.4 0.0 1.4 77.1 20.0 0.0 2.9

KHAMMAM 8.1 9.7 49.2 25.0 9.7 6.4 75.1 5.4 18.1 1.4

MAHABUBNAGAR 20.0 7.7 64.5 5.2 7.1 15.5 90.8 8.4 0.8 0.0

MEDAK 3.0 18.2 64.6 12.1 2.0 3.0 89.6 7.3 1.0 2.1

NALGONDA 2.9 16.3 61.6 19.2 1.7 1.2 74.7 18.2 5.3 1.8

NIZAMABAD 9.6 16.4 71.2 8.2 2.7 1.4 87.5 11.1 0.0 1.4

RANGAREDDY 6.8 8.2 50.7 23.3 8.2 9.6 81.8 16.7 1.5 0.0

WARANGAL 15.7 17.2 54.5 13.6 2.0 12.6 89.6 9.2 1.2 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 8.0 13.9 60.6 14.5 4.1 6.9 84.5 10.1 4.4 0.9

51

Table 32: Expenses incurred during payment process

SocialCate-gory

District Name

% of respondents who incurred expenses for

payment release

Mean of the expenses incurred

for payment release

% of responses stating to whom payment was made

Govt. Staff

Village Leader

Bank staff Middlemen

Others(Mee seva &

relatives)

SC

ADILABAD 1.5 2333.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

HYDERABAD 3.0 2000.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

KARIMNAGAR 1.0 3500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3

KHAMMAM 1.1 13500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

MAHABUBNAGAR 6.3 7666.7 4.8 9.5 0.0 85.7 0.0

MEDAK 1.5 15000.0 33.3 0.0 33.3 33.3 0.0

NALGONDA 1.0 2000.0 66.7 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.0

NIZAMABAD 1.4 7500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

RANGAREDDY 3.6 5628.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 71.4 28.6

WARANGAL 1.7 3000.0 75.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0

STATE AVERAGE 2.3 6538.0 16.0 4.0 2.0 74.0 6.0

ST

ADILABAD 1.8 2500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 25.0

HYDERABAD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

KARIMNAGAR 1.4 10000.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

KHAMMAM 3.8 4555.6 22.2 0.0 0.0 66.7 11.1

MAHABUBNAGAR 3.2 1700.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 0.0

MEDAK 2.0 2500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

NALGONDA 2.9 3700.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 80.0 0.0

NIZAMABAD 2.7 5150.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0

RANGAREDDY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

WARANGAL 5.1 2600.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 40.0 20.0

STATE AVERAGE 2.9 3402.6 23.7 2.6 2.6 55.3 15.8

52

Table 33: Utilization of financial assistance under various heads

SocialCate-gory

District Name

% of responses

Marriage Hall Clothes Food

Sounds & Lights + Photo & Video

Deco-ration

& Misc

House-hold items

Orna-ments

Loan Re-payment

Amount to bride-groom

FD to Bride Others*

SC

ADILABAD 0.0 34.7 32.2 23.1 9.0 28.1 13.6 23.1 40.7 2.5 11.6

HYDERABAD 12.1 21.2 15.2 25.8 18.2 31.8 16.7 53.0 19.7 3.0 6.1

KARIMNAGAR 2.3 17.6 14.7 28.4 7.2 25.2 24.2 40.2 16.3 2.0 4.2

KHAMMAM 1.1 22.0 21.5 18.3 7.0 15.6 15.1 65.6 7.5 2.2 4.3MAHABUBNAGAR 1.8 40.8 36.9 39.6 13.6 15.1 34.4 38.1 11.2 2.1 6.0

MEDAK 0.0 23.0 18.4 11.2 2.0 25.0 43.9 39.8 9.7 1.0 4.1

NALGONDA 0.3 18.4 12.8 8.3 3.1 13.5 29.9 49.3 14.2 4.2 13.5

NIZAMABAD 5.6 31.9 36.1 38.2 3.5 37.5 23.6 28.5 11.1 3.5 4.9

RANGAREDDY 2.1 10.3 5.1 1.5 0.5 7.7 32.8 42.6 13.3 0.5 13.8

WARANGAL 0.9 13.8 13.8 10.8 3.0 19.4 23.3 36.2 21.1 1.3 9.1

STATE AVERAGE 1.8 23.8 20.9 20.7 6.3 20.3 27.0 41.1 16.1 2.2 7.9

ST

ADILABAD 0.0 32.1 30.4 15.2 6.7 29.9 20.1 42.4 29.5 7.6 17.0

HYDERABAD 7.7 38.5 15.4 30.8 15.4 30.8 23.1 69.2 7.7 0.0 15.4

KARIMNAGAR 1.4 11.3 18.3 38.0 5.6 19.7 26.8 32.4 18.3 0.0 9.9

KHAMMAM 1.3 12.7 16.1 7.2 2.1 11.9 22.5 55.9 14.0 3.8 3.8

MAHABUBNAGAR 1.9 30.3 30.3 22.6 6.5 9.0 34.2 29.0 9.0 3.9 5.2

MEDAK 0.0 13.1 9.1 10.1 4.0 19.2 31.3 39.4 13.1 0.0 5.1

NALGONDA 0.6 13.4 7.0 11.6 2.3 15.7 15.1 64.0 17.4 1.2 12.2

NIZAMABAD 1.4 24.7 32.9 31.5 6.8 42.5 26.0 28.8 11.0 1.4 1.4

RANGAREDDY 1.4 11.0 1.4 2.7 1.4 12.3 31.5 43.8 13.7 1.4 4.1

WARANGAL 0.5 19.2 23.2 15.2 9.1 18.2 21.2 35.9 9.6 1.0 10.1

STATE AVERAGE 0.9 19.9 19.8 15.4 5.2 18.9 23.9 43.9 15.8 2.9 8.7

* Others include Agriculture, purchase of furniture, Education & Hospital expenses,Marriage transport expenses, kept in savings account, gave money for interest.

53

Table 34: Marriage expenses and Loan details

SocialCate-gory

District Name

Avg. of total

marr-iage expen-ses

Avg. total loan taken for marriage purpose

% of responsesOthers(Chit

funds, SHG loan, gold loan)

% of responses

Bank Money Lender

Friends / Rela-tives

Pri-vate firm

Others(Chit

funds, SHG loan, gold loan)

choice of the bride-groom

timing of the marr-iage

overall expen-

ses of the marr-iage

SC

ADILABAD 246155.8 104103.0 1.5 43.2 48.2 1.0 2.0 58381.9 28.1 20.6 19.1

HYDERABAD 342393.9 185075.8 0.0 30.3 62.1 4.5 1.5 73181.8 12.1 13.6 54.5

KARIMNAGAR 301281.0 177303.9 3.6 53.9 43.1 0.3 1.6 69601.3 27.5 30.7 68.0

KHAMMAM 207290.3 106532.3 3.8 66.7 23.1 2.2 1.1 37274.2 17.7 18.8 35.5

MAHABUB-NAGAR 182120.8 108676.7 2.4 65.3 23.6 4.2 1.2 47978.9 19.3 28.7 59.2

MEDAK 324898.0 164994.9 2.0 42.9 52.6 4.6 1.0 82892.9 44.4 46.4 68.4

NALGONDA 236746.5 118774.3 1.7 30.6 66.7 1.0 0.3 54892.4 4.5 5.9 35.1

NIZAMABAD 314354.1 171472.2 2.8 45.1 54.9 9.7 2.8 69722.2 20.1 15.3 36.8

RANGAREDDY 383943.6 219989.7 2.1 47.7 41.5 10.8 3.1 67107.7 11.8 12.3 55.4

WARANGAL 238571.1 131267.2 2.2 38.4 52.2 5.6 2.2 53849.1 20.7 22.0 37.5

STATEAVERAGE 265963.8 143520.1 2.4 48.1 45.1 3.9 1.6 59839.0 20.8 22.4 47.9

ST

ADILABAD 195745.5 67897.3 1.8 46.9 37.1 0.0 0.4 39017.9 10.7 10.7 13.4

HYDERABAD 287384.6 190000.0 0.0 30.8 69.2 0.0 0.0 53846.2 7.7 15.4 46.2

KARIMNAGAR 325845.1 190028.2 4.2 47.9 46.5 1.4 2.8 65563.4 21.1 23.9 57.7

KHAMMAM 233913.1 126690.7 0.4 66.5 25.4 0.4 0.4 82296.6 23.7 16.1 39.8

MAHABUB-NAGAR 281703.2 170774.2 1.9 72.3 23.2 3.2 0.0 78464.5 25.2 27.1 54.2

MEDAK 329030.3 169338.4 5.1 39.4 51.5 2.0 1.0 97929.3 35.4 35.4 61.6

NALGONDA 333575.6 179314.0 2.9 25.0 76.7 0.0 0.0 88293.6 7.0 11.0 34.9

NIZAMABAD 389835.6 221260.3 2.7 45.2 53.4 6.8 1.4 76000.0 23.3 16.4 35.6

RANGAREDDY 460342.5 268219.2 1.4 42.5 57.5 8.2 0.0 115342.5 5.5 6.8 52.1

WARANGAL 284447.0 149227.3 1.0 34.8 46.5 3.5 0.0 59621.2 18.7 16.7 24.2

STATEAVERAGE 287608.8 152530.8 2.0 47.7 43.9 2.1 0.5 73313.2 18.3 17.3 37.1

54

Table 35: Beneficiary Feedback

SocialCate-gory

District Name

% of responses reported of ineligible

person availing assistance

% of responses reported of

person availing assistance

more than once

% of responses reported of eligible girl denied the financial

assistance

% of responses on feedback on disbursement

process

% of responses on feedback on

Publicity process

% of responses on feedback

on Application process

Happy UnHappy Happy UnHappy Happy UnHappy

SC

ADILABAD 3.5 3.0 6.5 84.4 15.6 88.4 11.6 80.9 19.1

HYDERABAD 4.5 3.0 18.2 100.0 0.0 95.5 4.5 84.8 15.2

KARIMNAGAR 3.9 3.9 7.8 98.0 2.0 96.1 3.9 89.2 10.8

KHAMMAM 0.0 1.6 8.1 99.5 0.5 98.9 1.1 89.8 10.2

MAHABUB-NAGAR 0.3 0.6 4.5 98.8 1.2 96.4 3.6 81.3 18.7

MEDAK 0.0 0.5 1.0 99.5 0.5 100.0 0.0 98.5 1.5

NALGONDA 3.5 0.0 5.6 98.6 1.4 98.6 1.4 84.0 16.0

NIZAMABAD 0.7 0.0 2.8 99.3 0.7 100.0 0.0 90.3 9.7

RANGAREDDY 0.0 0.5 2.6 96.9 3.1 100.0 0.0 88.7 11.3

WARANGAL 3.9 9.1 7.3 97.4 2.6 97.0 3.0 81.0 19.0

STATEAVERAGE 2.0 2.2 5.7 97.2 2.8 97.1 2.9 86.4 13.6

ST

ADILABAD 1.3 0.9 6.7 86.6 13.4 93.3 6.7 88.8 11.2

HYDERABAD 0.0 7.7 15.4 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 84.6 15.4

KARIMNAGAR 4.2 4.2 2.8 95.8 4.2 93.0 7.0 91.5 8.5

KHAMMAM 1.3 0.8 8.5 98.3 1.7 98.7 1.3 82.2 17.8

MAHABUB-NAGAR 0.6 0.6 5.2 92.3 7.7 92.3 7.7 76.8 23.2

MEDAK 1.0 1.0 2.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

NALGONDA 2.3 0.6 4.1 98.3 1.7 99.4 0.6 82.0 18.0

NIZAMABAD 2.7 9.6 5.5 100.0 0.0 98.6 1.4 89.0 11.0

RANGAREDDY 0.0 0.0 2.7 86.3 13.7 98.6 1.4 93.2 6.8

WARANGAL 3.0 6.6 5.6 89.9 10.1 96.0 4.0 77.3 22.7

STATEAVERAGE 1.8 2.4 5.6 93.8 6.2 96.5 3.5 84.8 15.2

55

9.3 Questionnaire for Citizen Feedback Survey for Kalyana Lakshmi

Citizen Feedback Survey on Kalyana Lakshmi Scheme, Planning Department, GoTS

Schedule Serial Number: _____________________

I) Demographic Particulars1. District Name: 2. Mandal Name:

3. Assembly Constituency Name: 4. Location: 1. Rural 2. Urban

5. Gram Panchayat / Urban Local Body (ULB) Name :

6. Village Name / Ward Name :

7. Distance of village / Ward from Mandal HQ: 1. Less than 1 km 2. Between 1 to 5 kms

3. Between 5 to 10 kms 4. More than 10 kms

8. Full name of the Beneficiary (Bride):

8a. Father’s / Mother’s name:

9. Complete address of the beneficiary:

10. Who is the respondent? 1. Bride 2. Bride’s Parent 3. Bride’s Guardian

11. Caste / Tribe of beneficiary: 1. Scheduled Caste 2. Scheduled Tribe

11a. Sub Caste: _________________________

12. Land ownership of the bride’s parents: 1. Irrigated land (in Ha. ) _____ 2. Rainfed Area

(in Ha.) _____ 3. Landless 99. Others ________________

12a. Type of bride parent’s house: 1. Thatched Hut 2. Tin Sheet house 3. Tiled

house 4. Reinforced Cement Concrete house 99. Others ____________________

12b. Ownership of house: 1. Rented 2. Own 3. Service Quarter

99. Others________

12c. Asset ownership: 1. Car 2. Jeep 3. Tempo 4. Auto

5. Bike 6. Tractor 7. Milch Cows 8. Buffaloes 99. Others____________

13. Details of the bride’s family including the bride (Mention the relevant codes)

Name Gender1 Relation to bride2

Age (in years)

Marital Status3

Education Code4

Occupation Code5 Remarks

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

13a. What is the bride parent’s combined annual income? Rs. ______________________11=Male; 2= Female2 1=Self, 2=Father, 3= Mother, 4= Brother, 5=Sister, 6= Grand-parent, 99=Others (Specify)3 1=Married, 2= Unmarried, 3= Divorced, 4= Widow, 5=Separated4 1= Illiterate, 2= Primary (1-5 class), 3= Middle & Secondary (6-10 class), 4= Intermediate (11-12 class) , 5= Degree & Above, 6= Diploma / Certificate, 99= Others (Specify)5 1= Student; 2= Farmer with less than 2 hectares; 3=Farmer with more than 2 hectares; 4=Agriculture labour; 5=Self-employed; 6=Salaried; 7=Unskilled Labour; 8=Skilled Labour; 9=Retired; 10=Domestic maid; 11=House work ; 12= Can’t work; 99=Others (Specify)

56

II. Details about Kalyana Lakshmi Scheme

14. Date of Birth (in DD/MM/YYYY format):

14a. Date of Marriage (in DD/MM/YYYY format): ____________________

14b. Whether the marriage was registered? 1. Yes 2. No

14b. Marriage Identification Number (as per records): ______________________

15. Whether marriage was held in? 1. Village 2. Town 3. City 4. Outside

District 5. Outside State 99. Others _________________

16. Where was the marriage performed? 1. Residence 2. At Function Hall

3. At Community hall 4. At religious place 5. Registrar office

6. In bridegroom’s place 99. Others ___________

17. Bride’s Aadhar Card Number:________________

17a. Respondent’s Mobile Number:________________

18. What is the type of bank account you have? 1. Individual account 2. Joint account

18a. If joint account, who is the co-account holder? 1. Parent 2. Bridegroom 3. Others ________18b. Have you opened the bank account only for the purpose of the scheme? 1. Yes 2. No

19. Is there is any person in the family including relatives and close acquaintance in an influential position (e.g. Political leader/ Local worker/ government employee etc.) ? 1. Yes 2. No

19a. If yes, what position do they hold ? 1. Political leader 2. Panchayat member 3. Govt. Staff 4. Local leader 5. Caste leader 99. Others ____________

19b. Did the bride’s family received benefits from Telangana Govt. schemes in the past? 1. Yes 2. No

III. Awareness about the Scheme

20. Are you aware of the Kalyana Lakshmi pathakam introduced by the Govt. of Telangana? 1. Yes 2. No

20a. If yes, what is the source of information about the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme?

(Multiple responses are possible)

Options Tick Options Tick

1. Local leaders 2. Parents / Relatives

3. Friend / Neighbours 4. Government staff

5. Panchayat office 6. Self

99. Others ______________

21. Did you see any publicity regarding the Kalyana Lakshmi? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Don’t know

21a. If yes, what kind of publicity have you seen? (Multiple responses are possible)

1. Pamphlets 2. Posters 3. Newspaper 4. TV 5. Radio 6. Street Play 7. Public announcement 8. Wall paintings 9. Public event 99. Others _______

22. Do you know what are the eligibility conditions for availing benefit from Kalyana Lakshmi scheme? 1. Yes 2. No 3. To some extent

22a. Could you tell how much financial assistance is given under this scheme? Rs._______________

57

IV. Application Process

23. When was the application for Kalyana Lakshmi scheme submitted?

1. Before marriage 2. After marriage

24. Who applied for the scheme? 1. Bride 2. Bride’s Parent 3. Bridegroom

4. Relatives/ Friends 99. Others ___________________________

25. What do you feel about the process of the application? 1. Easy 2. Difficult 3. Don’t know

25a. If the process was difficult, please state the main reasons? (Multiple responses are possible) 1. Lengthy application form 2. Lengthy verification process 3. Getting the eligibility document 4. Middlemen problems 5. Opening the bank account 99. Others __________________

26. During the application stage, did you incur any expenses? 1. Yes 2. No

26a. If yes, then for what purpose?

Sl.No. Purpose Amount incurred (in Rs.) Time taken (in days)

(i) (ii) (ii) (iv)

1 Getting the necessary eligibility documents, opening bank account

2 Submitting the application form (MeeSeva charges, Transport, Middlemen charges)

3 During the verification process (Lobbying, Compliance, transport charges etc.)

4 Other Miscellaneous Expenses

27. Was there any field verification done after submitting the application? 1.Yes 2.No 3. Don’t know

V. Payment Process

28. What is the amount you received under the Kalyana Lakshmi scheme? Rs._________

29. Time taken to receive the amount after applying? 1. Less than 1 month 2. Between 1-3 months 3. Between 3-6 months 4. More than 6 months 5. Yet to receive (Go to Question. 30)

29a. Mode of withdrawal of amount? 1. Bank withdrawal 2. ATM 3. Cheque withdrawal 4. Not yet withdrawn (Go to Question. 30)

29b. Who withdrew the amount? 1. Bride 2. Bride Parent 3. Bridegroom 4. Relatives/ Friends 99. Others ________________

30. To get the amount sanctioned, have you paid money to any person?

1. Yes 2. No (Go to Section VI) 3. Don’t Know (Go to Section VI)

30a. If yes, then approximately how much amount was paid? Rs. __________

30b. Whom did you pay for getting your amount sanctioned? (Multiple responses are possible)

1. Govt. Staff 2. Village Leader 3. Bank staff 4. Middlemen 99. Others ________________

VI. Benefit of the Scheme

31. Utilization of the financial assistance amount:

Sl.No. Particulars Amount spent from scheme’s amount Sl.No. Particulars Amount spent from

scheme’s amount

1 Marriage Hall 2 Clothes

3 Food 4 Sounds & Lights

5 Photo & Video 6 Decoration & Miscellaneous

7 Household items 8 Ornaments

9 Loan repayment 10 Amount given to bridegroom

11 Fixed deposit for bride 99 Others specify____________)

31a. What was the total approximate marriage expenses? Rs.____________________________

31b. How much loan was taken for the marriage purpose? Rs. ________________

31c. Sources of Loan (Multiple responses are possible): 1. Bank 2. Moneylender 3. Friends / Relatives 4. Private firm 99. Others ________________

31d. What was the total loan outstanding excluding the marriage loan? Rs. ______________________

32. Has the financial assistance influenced the choice of the bridegroom? 1. Yes 2. No

32a. Has the financial assistance influenced the timing of the marriage? 1. Yes 2. No

32b. Has the financial assistance influenced the overall expenses of the marriage ? 1. Yes 2. No

VII. Satisfaction & Feedback

33. Has any person in your village / ward availed the assistance more than once? 1. Yes 2. No

33a. Has any ineligible persons in your village / ward availed assistance from the scheme? 1. Yes 2. No33b. Has any eligible girl in your village / ward not been considered for the assistance? 1. Yes 2. No34. Overall, how was your experience in accessing the financial assistance from Kalyana Lakshmi scheme ? (Tick the most appropriate option)

VIII. Suggestions for Improvement

35. Respondent’s suggestions for improving implementation of Kalyana Lakshmi scheme (Multiple responses possible)

1. Timely deposit in bank account 2. Wide publicity to be given 3. Positive attitude staff 4. Discourage middlemen 5. Cash payment 6. Provide ornaments / items 7. Increase the amount 8. Should be provided before the marriage

99. Others (Please specify) _________________

36. Any additional information by investigator:

Feedback

34a. Disbursement of amount

34b. Publicity about the scheme

34c. Application process

Thumb Impression / Signature of respondent

Name & Signature of Investigator

Date and time of the interview

Mobile Number of Investigator

Final check of the supervisor (Name, Signature and date of check)

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