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History of DISC Engine

Started in 1950s when Mercedes Benz developed an engine

employing mechanical injection system.

In 1960s Ford Programmed Combustion (PROCO) engine and

Texacos Stratified Charge (TCCS) engine. Both of these

engines employed mechanical jerk type fuel injection systems.

All these were not employed for production because they are

unable to maintain charge stratification at high loads and also

faces frequent spark plug fouling.

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History Contd

In 1970 Honda develops a divided chamber stratified chargeengine using two carburettor called as Honda CVCC (compoundvortex combustion chamber) engine.

A small carburettor provided rich mixture to the auxiliary small

chamber where spark plug ignited the mixture.

The lean carburettor supplied mixture to the main chamber and

the overall mixture in the engine was significantly leaner than

stoichiometric.

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History Contd

Mitsubishi and Toyota Motors introduced DISC engine

powered cars during mid 1990s.

These engines operate in stratified mode at part loads

and in stoichiometric mode at high loads.

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DISC Engine Combustion

Requirements

Combustible mixture must form quickly.

Wetting of piston crown and spark plug by excessive

liquid fuel deposition is to be prevented.

Suitable air motion is to be provided during

compression stroke and at the time of fuel injection.

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Methods of Charge Stratification and

Combustion

SPRAY CONTROLLED

The fuel spray characteristics primarily

controls the charge stratification.

The spark plug is placed close to thespray as it is there that the ignitable

mixture is present at the time of ignition.

The combustion being highly sensitive

to spray characteristics smoke formation

is often observed at high loads.

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FLOW CONTROLLED:

Mixture is formed by interaction between fuel spray and

suitably directed air motion like swirl or tumble.

When air motion is well organized, the combustion chamberwalls do not get wetted by liquid fuel and a stable stratified

charge operation is obtained over a wide range of engine

operation.

WALL CONTROLLED:In the wall-controlled concept, fuel injection is directed towards

a specially designed piston cavity.

An intense reverse tumble charge motion transports the

mixture to spark plug electrodes.

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Modes of DISC Engine Operation

Stratified Charge Operation:

-Fuel is injected late in the compression stroke.

-very lean overall air-fuel ratios reaching up to 50:1.

Homogeneous Stoichiometric Operation:

-Fuel is injected early in the intake stroke to allow adequate time

before ignition for fuel evaporation.-At high loads, early fuel injection timing is used to operate the engine

in stoichiometric homogeneous mode.

Homogeneous Lean Operation:

- Engine operates homogeneous lean in the mid-load range.-This is the transition zone from stratified mode at low loads to

stoichiometric operation at full engine load.

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HYDROGEN ENGINES

Properties of HydrogenAllows it to use in ICE

Wide Range of Flammability

Low Ignition Energy -(0.02 MJ for hydrogen versus 0.2

MJ for gasoline.High Diffusivity.

High Flame Speed - more closely approach the

thermodynamically ideal engine cycle (most efficient

fuel power ratio).

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HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS

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FUEL CELL WORKING

Fuel cell consist of anode,cathode,catalyst andelectrolyte.

The anodes catalyst separates hydrogen into protons

and electrons.

The electrons flows through the electric drivesconnected across the fuel cell.

The protons flow through the electrolyte and reaches

cathode.

Oxygen flows into the fuel cell to the cathode.

Catalyst at cathode combines protons, electrons and

oxygen to form water.

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MAGLEV

lMaglev is magnetic leviation,which works based on electromagnetic propulsion.

lThe magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway.lThe electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly

alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils.

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EMS and EDS

The key difference between Japanese(EDS) and German (This(EDS) kind of electromagnet can conduct electricity e

In the EMS system, which uses standard electromagnets, t

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EDS....

By chilling the coils at frigid temperatures, Japan's system saves energy.However, the