Disaster Management & Flood Control An Initiative by Pune Municipal CorporationA Presentation by Smt. Rajlakshmi BhosaleMayor, Pune

CONTENTS

1INTRODUCTION2FLOOD SCENARIO IN PUNE3CAUSE AND EFFECT4CURRENT FLOOD PROTECTION MEASURES5FUTURE ACTION PLAN FOR FLOOD CONTROL & DISASTER MANAGEMENT

IntroductionPunyanagari The City of Virtuous Deeds

River and the City

Pune traces its origins to an agricultural settlement by the name of Punnaka in the 8th century AD; also called Punyapur or Punyanagari, The City of Virtuous Deeds

The city is built on the confluence of the three rivers Mutha, Mula and Pavana. These Rivers were believed to have Mythic Cleansing Powers

The Rivers formed the citys lifeline and no other city in the country can boast of having three Rivers running through it

Importance8th Largest Urban Agglomeration in IndiaPopulation 4.7 million growing @ 6%Cultural Capital of MaharashtraOxford of the EastDetroit of IndiaRapidly Growing Economy powered by IT, Manufacturing and ServicesTwenty bridges cross the river along 27 km of lenght

A Disaster Strikes Pune at 2:00pm on 12th July 1961 !!!Panshet and Khadakwasla Dam Failure results in a Major Flood in the city of Pune

FLOOD SCENARIO IN PUNE

History of Floods in PuneDischarge in CumecsYears

Chart2 (2)

3211

3210.89

2977.22

2565.1767432868

2449.11

2287.04

2125.76

2050.15

1954.21

1779.72

1762.62

1738.55

1728.5

1603.7664661654

1497.2

1467.688453276

1454.5

1376.47

1371.5417615467

1351.37

1328.1837099893

1317.39

1266.56

1223.55

1223.55

1222.33

1211.29

1171.13

1158.36

1128.21

1028.22

1024.37

1009.58

1003.4089645542

982.99

970.84

964.72

955.76

933.78

871.8

851.2

841.86

833.85

790.98

730.57

730.4882964554

717.13

669.69

658.357037594

560.34

539.8374779807

500.19

474.53

442.9827841031

437.64

434.85

329.3

311.8

196.5130762621

79.2112803437

36.16

50.0

Sheet1

1cusecs0.0283168466cumecs

1000002831.684661 cusecs0.0283168466 cumecs

1680004757.23022881cumecs35.3146667 cusecs

1 TMC (Thousand million cubic feet)28.317 MCM (Million Cubic Meter)

1 inch0.0254 meters

1 foot0.3048 meters

1 meter3.2808399 feet

1 MCM1000 ML

1ML0.001 MCM

Chart1

1171.13

1738.55

1779.72

2287.04

1266.56

1317.39

1351.37

1222.33

1223.55

1028.22

1728.5

933.78

1762.62

1158.36

2977.22

1497.2

1954.21

1454.5

3210.89

1211.29

833.85

0

0

0

0

0

1024.37

2125.76

717.13

1223.55

500.19

955.76

871.8

841.86

560.34

1128.21

2050.15

474.53

437.64

669.69

1376.47

851.2

730.57

2449.11

1009.58

434.85

311.8

36.16

982.99

964.72

970.84

329.3

790.98

442.9827841031

1371.5417615467

196.5130762621

1328.1837099893

2565.1767432868

658.357037594

539.8374779807

79.2112803437

0

0

0

1003.4089645542

1467.688453276

1603.7664661654

730.4882964554

Highest flood record3211cumecs

Panshet Dam Failure (1961)

Sheet2

DateYearDisharge in cumecsDischarge in cusecs

21.08.194019401171.1335.314666741,358.07

01.07.194119411738.5561,396.31

05.07.194219421779.7262,850.22

10.07.194319432287.0480,766.06

12.07.194419441266.5644,728.14

07.07.194519451317.3946,523.19

28.07.194619461351.3747,723.18

17.07.194719471222.3343,166.18

14.08.194819481223.5543,209.26

01.08.194919491028.2236,311.25

20.07.195019501728.5061,041.40

26.07.19511951933.7832,976.13

24.07.195219521762.6262,246.34

29.06.195319531158.3640,907.10

15.07.195419542977.22105,139.53

01.06.195519551497.2052,873.12

02.08.195619561954.2169,012.27

08.08.195719571454.5051,365.18

19.07.195819583210.89113,391.51

05.09.195919591211.2942,776.30

07.07.19601960833.8529,447.13

19611961NANANA

19621962NANANA

19631963NANANA

19641964NANANA

19651965NANANA

27.09.196619661024.3736,175.29

28.07.196719672125.7675,070.51

07.08.19681968717.1325,325.21

01.08.196919691223.5543,209.26

21.08.19701970500.1917,664.04

31.08.19711971955.7633,752.35

12.09.19721972871.8030,787.33

08.06.19731973841.8629,730.01

07.08.19741974560.3419,788.22

19.08.197519751128.2139,842.36

01.08.197619762050.1572,400.36

23.07.19771977474.5316,757.87

29.08.19781978437.6415,455.11

11.08.19791979669.6923,649.88

03.08.198019801376.4748,609.58

06.08.19811981851.2030,059.84

22.06.19821982730.5725,799.84

15.08.198319832449.1186,489.50

12.09.198419841009.5835,652.98

30.07.19851985434.8515,356.58

13.08.19861986311.8011,011.11

26.08.1987198736.161,276.98

21.08.19881988982.9934,713.96

24.07.19891989964.7234,068.77

16.08.19901990970.8434,284.8935.3106588109

26.08.19911991329.3011,629.12

17.08.19921992790.9827,933.2035.3106273231

19.06.19931993442.9815,643.7915642.00

14.07.199419941371.5448,435.5448430

22.07.19951995196.516,939.796939

04.10.199619961328.1846,904.3746899

23.08.199719972565.1890,588.3690578

15.09.19981998658.3623,249.6623247

21.07.19991999539.8419,064.1819062

15.07.2000200079.212,797.322797

20012001NANANA

20022002NANANA

20032003NANANA

12.08.200420041003.4135,435.0535431

02.08.200520051467.6951,830.9351825

22.07.200620061603.7756,636.4856630

08.08.20072007730.4925,796.9525794

Chart2

3211

3210.89

2977.22

2565.1767432868

2449.11

2287.04

2125.76

2050.15

1954.21

1779.72

1762.62

1738.55

1728.5

1603.7664661654

1497.2

1467.688453276

1454.5

1376.47

1371.5417615467

1351.37

1328.1837099893

1317.39

1266.56

1223.55

1223.55

1222.33

1211.29

1171.13

1158.36

1128.21

1028.22

1024.37

1009.58

1003.4089645542

982.99

970.84

964.72

955.76

933.78

871.8

851.2

841.86

833.85

790.98

730.57

730.4882964554

717.13

669.69

658.357037594

560.34

539.8374779807

500.19

474.53

442.9827841031

437.64

434.85

329.3

311.8

196.5130762621

79.2112803437

36.16

50.0

Sheet4

YearDisharge in cumecsrank=mno. of years = nRecurrence Interval

19583210.8912122.0

19542977.22211.0

19432287.0437.3

19561954.2145.5

19421779.7254.4

19521762.6263.7

19411738.5573.1

19501728.5082.8

19551497.2092.4

19571454.50102.2

19461351.37112.091988

19451317.39121.8

19441266.56131.7

19481223.55141.6

19471222.33151.5

19591211.29161.4

19401171.13171.3

19531158.36181.2

19491028.22191.2

1951933.78201.1

1960833.85211.0

Sheet3

YearDisharge in cumecsRank (m)NRecurrence IntervalAnnual exceedence probabilitypercentage annual exceedence probability

19613211.0016162.00.021.61

19583210.89231.00.033.23

19542977.22320.70.054.84

19972565.18415.50.066.45

19832449.11512.40.088.06

19432287.04610.30.109.68

19672125.7678.90.1111.29

19762050.1587.80.1312.90

19561954.2196.90.1514.52

19421779.72106.20.1616.13

19521762.62115.60.1817.74

19411738.55125.20.1919.35

19501728.50134.80.2120.97

20061603.77144.40.2322.58

19551497.20154.10.2424.19

20051467.69163.90.2625.81

19571454.50173.60.2727.42

19801376.47183.40.2929.03

19941371.54193.30.3130.65

19461351.37203.10.3232.26

19961328.18213.00.3433.87

19451317.39222.80.3535.48

19441266.56232.70.3737.10

19481223.55242.60.3938.71

19691223.55252.50.4040.32

19471222.33262.40.4241.94

19591211.29272.30.4443.55

19401171.13282.20.4545.16

19531158.36292.10.4746.77

19751128.21302.10.4848.39

19491028.22312.00.5050.00

19661024.37321.90.5251.61

19841009.58331.90.5353.23

20041003.41341.80.5554.84

1988982.99351.80.5656.45

1990970.84361.70.5858.06

1989964.72371.70.6059.68

1971955.76381.60.6161.29

1951933.78391.60.6362.90

1972871.80401.60.6564.52

1981851.20411.50.6666.13

1973841.86421.50.6867.74

1960833.85431.40.6969.35

1992790.98441.40.7170.97

1982730.57451.40.7372.58

2007730.49461.30.7474.19

1968717.13471.30.7675.81

1979669.69481.30.7777.42

1998658.36491.30.7979.03

1974560.34501.20.8180.65

1999539.84511.20.8282.26

1970500.19521.20.8483.87

1977474.53531.20.8585.48

1993442.98541.10.8787.10

1978437.64551.10.8988.71

1985434.85561.10.9090.32

1991329.30571.10.9291.94

1986311.80581.10.9493.55

1995196.51591.10.9595.16

200079.21601.00.9796.77

198736.16611.00.9898.39

node2:>3210.89

Flood Frequency Analysis was conducted for 1940 to 2007 of the maximum discharge data from KhadakwaslaThe 1958 flood with a magnitude of 3211 cumecs is the highest flood recorded.The mean annual peak flood is about 1165 cumecs.Every decade had recorded one severe flood during the last six decades (1944, 1958, 1961, 1976, 1976, 1983, 1997 and 2005).The post 1961 period shows a significant decline in the peak flood magnitudes and increase in the flood variability. This could be attributed to the increased control of dams located on the river, such as Temghar and Varasgaon that were constructed during the post-1961 period.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

CausesReduction in Carrying Capacity of the riverEncroachment in river and tributaries (nullahs) draining into the riversDisposal of Debris and solid wastes including plasticsLack of Remote Rain Gauging and Telemetric Early Warning System

EffectsDisplacement of Families in the river banksDestruction of private property on the river banksDestruction of Biodiversity on the river banksDisruption of Transport and communication systemsDestruction of drainage and sewage systemEroding of river banksAdverse effect on Public Health

Families Rehabilitated during FloodsSource : Slum Department, PMCImprovement in our Disaster Management Ability has resulted into a large reduction in the number of Flood Affected Families

CURRENT FLOOD PROTECTION MEASURES

Disaster Management Initiative byPune Municipal Corporation (PMC)

2006 - 2007PMC embarked upon preparation of a a comprehensive Disaster Management Plan Involving all agencies of the local self government law enforcing agencies, state govt and education institutesMAY 2007 DMP WAS PROMULGATED

Engineering Measures for Disaster Management by Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC)Increase in River carrying capacity byDredging of 1.50 MCM of siltExcavated Debris is reused for construction of roads ProtectionConstruction of 1.50 km of protection wall to protect 10 major flood prone areasRiver flow (reduced afflux)Removal of an old Stone masonry bund Removal of central section (100m long and 5 m high) of Bundgarden bund

Each hourKhadakwasla Dam flows above 45000 cusecWater level of Mulshi dam start increasing above 1980 ftIrrigation DepartmentMulshi-Collector officePublic Relation officerFlood control DepartmentPune Municipal Corporation AuthorityNGO, Social services Organisation etcMedia (hourly updates)Municipal Commissioner and Police Commissioner work on next action plan

Take ActionPMT, Road Traffic, health dept etc

Municipal Regional OfficesOrganisational Structure for Disaster Management

Role Played by Regional OfficesAt present 39 Rehab Centres are availableOrganisational Structure ..contd

Benchmarks for Initiation of Disaster Management Plan

Discharge from KhadakwaslaAction done1132.7 cumecs (40000 cusecs)DMP Flood Alert1415.9 cumecs (50000 cusecs) DMP operations initiated

PMC Departments working towards Flood ManagementFire Brigade AuthorityRiver Improvement and Garden Superintendent Department Pune Maha Nagarpalika Parivahan Mahamandal LtdHealth DepartmentVehicle Department Public Relation Department Education Department Electricity DepartmentIrrigation Department

Fire Brigade AuthorityTraining of experts from this department to other officer for planning & evacuation.Evacuation of people and property from siteSupply of various equipment like pumps, cranes, boats etc where ever requiredLifting of collapse articles like fallen trees etc during heavy rainsRiver Improvement and Garden Superintendent Department Desilting of almost 1.50 MCMDeposition of debris for construction of DP road Disposal of excess debris at relevant locationConstruction of 1.50 km of protection wall which covers almost 10 major flood prone areas

Pune Maha Nagarpalika Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd.Release of public transportMake vehicles available wherever requiredMake drivers available Get updates about traffic diversions and inform it to the drivers.Keep stock of fuel and other material required Health DepartmentMake Doctors, Pharmacist, auxiliary nurse etc available.Supply medicinesAmbulance

Vehicle Department Make wireless vehicles, truck and drivers available Coordination with fire brigade authorities through these wireless vehiclesPublic Relation DepartmentAt as a communication medium within the government and publicPublic awarenessInformation to media (press, channels etc)

Education DepartmentMake school and college available during floodsMake infrastructure in school available Teachers and other staff also provide help in this respect

Electricity DepartmentAs the electric supply is completely damage during floods provide generators to evacuation teamsProvide temporary electric wiring at rehabilitation centersProvide emergency lamps Irrigation DepartmentControl discharge at each of the damsSupply flood update to Flood control department of PMC

FUTURE ACTION PLAN FOR FLOOD FORECASTING & DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Salient FeaturesInstallation of Remote Rain Gauging, level gauging and telemetry system for early warning to control peak discharge from Khadakwasla to within 50,000 Cusecs during the rainy seasonPrevent encroachment of the river and streams by declaration of Biodiversity Restoration Zones along the banksUse of Gabions/Reno Mattresses on river banks for stabilisation and allow percolation of water

Mapping and Delineation of the flood-prone area by use a probability-based analysis wherein systematic records and historical information on past flooding are used to develop a relation of probability of occurrence versus magnitude.Designation of Floodway (River Channel) and High Flood Level ComponentsHigh Flood LevelFloodwayDevelopment ZoneSubmersible ZoneDevelopment ZoneSubmersible Zone

Comprehensive Non Structural Flood Management System The proposed system can be divided into three important sub systems viz.Telemetry SystemManagement Information SystemDecision Support System

Telemetry System gathers hydrological and meteorological data such as Rain fall data from rain-gauge stations in the catchmentWater level data from river gauge stationsReservoir level data from level sensors installed at the reservoirsData is gathered without any human interventionCollected data is then presented to the Management Information System and the Decision Support SystemBased on the received data and the pre-fed conditions/parameters/rules the system computes information required for controlling discharge of water

ConclusionsOur experience of PMC has shown that initiative by the local self governing body can control & reduce the magnitude of disaster and effectively manage a disaster