•D: detection •I: incident command •S: safety and security •A: assess •H: hazard •S: support•T: triage and treatment •E: evacuation •R:recovery

WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENT ???

• “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”. (W.H.O.)

• “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC) ’

WHAT IS DISASTER WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

WHAT IT INVOLVES ??

Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man made disasters. 

Preparedness before disaster. Rebuilding and supporting society after

natural disasters.

TYPES OF TYPES OF DISASTERDISASTER

NATURAL DISASTERS

A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard (e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide)

LIST OF TOP 10 NATURAL DISASTERS

1. Cyclone2. Earthquake3. Tornado4. Volcanic Eruption5. Tsunami6. Flood7. Wildfire8. Drought9. Avalanche10. Landslide

CYCLONES

A cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion. It has low pressure on the inside and high pressure on the outside.

The center of the storm is called the eye and it has the calmest water and the lowest pressure

EARTHQUAKES

It is the result of a sudden release of energy from the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

They are measured using seismographs.

EARTHQUAKES

.The Valdivia earthquake also known as the great Chilean earthquake is the biggest earthquake ever recorded. It hit Chile on May 22, 1960 with a magnitude of 9.5 and a death toll of around 6000

TORNADOS (TWISTERS)

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is touching both the ground and a cumulonimbus cloud.

Tornado conditions are caused when different temperatures and humidity meet to form thunder clouds

“Twisters” can attain speeds up to 100 miles an hour

VOLCANIC ERUPTION

A volcano is an opening in a planet’s surface which allows hot magma to escape from below the surface.

Study of volcano’s is called Volcano logy and volcanic eruptions are measured using Volcanic Exclusivity Index

TSUNAMI’S

Tsunami means harbor wave and is caused by the displacement of a large body of water normally an ocean or a large lake.

TSUNAMI’S

The biggest tsunami ever happened at Lituya Bay, Alaska on July 9, 1958. The megatsunami was around 150 meters tall.

The tsunami caused by 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, is the 6th deadliest Natural disaster in recorded history with a death toll of 230,210 – 280,000.

FLOODS

Floods are caused when water overflows from a water body.

One of the biggest floods in the world is probably the Yellow river in China 1887 which killed between around 900,000.

WILDFIRE

A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in the countryside or wilderness.

Other names for a wildfire are brush fire, bushfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veldfire.

One of the largest wildfire is the 1910 wildfire

DROUGHTS

A drought is a long period of time in which a certain region receives a shortage of water

Lasting three years from 1958 to 1961, the Great Chinese Famine is the worst on record, 15 to 43 million were killed as a result

USA has been hit by a huge drought in 2012 decreasing corn income by 12%

LANDSLIDES

A landslide or a landslip is a movement in the ground and a shallow flow of debris.

The largest landslide in history happened because of Mount St. Helens. 3km of rock moved downhill.

-INTRODUCTION• A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting

from human intent, negligence, or error.

• Manmade disasters can be both intentional and unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and property. It further affects a person's mental, physical and social well-being.

REASONS FOR MAN MADE DISASTERS

•There are multiple factor that may relate to manmade disasters

• Weapons• Chemical • Carelessly handling danger • Illiteracy • Unawareness • Ignorance

•Nuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster That Nuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster That Falls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When This Falls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When This Occurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And The Occurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And The End Results Are Even More Catastrophic With A End Results Are Even More Catastrophic With A Large Percentage Of Those Involved Losing Their Large Percentage Of Those Involved Losing Their Lives.Lives.

CHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS DISASTERS By their nature, the manufacture, storage,

and transport of chemicals are accidents waiting to happen. Chemicals can be toxic, and they may react, often explosively. The impacts of chemical accidents can be deadly, for both human being environments.

PRECAUTIONS FOR MAN MADE DISASTERS

NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS1. One should not look at the fire as it

causes instant blindness 2. Should close all doors and windows as

radioactivity does not penetrate into solid structures

3. Cover all food and water

CHEMICAL AGENTS

1. Use protective equipment. 2. Give quick and correct

selfaid when contaminated. 3. Avoid areas where chemical

agents exist. 4. Decontaminate your

equipment and body as soon as possible.

FIRE ACCIDENTS 1. The biggest main reason

might be poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches

. 2. Wires should be properly covered.

3. Inflammable things should be kept safely.

4. Power points should not be overloaded.

-INTRODUCTION The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than 10

coordinated shooting and bombing terrorist attacks across Mumbai, India’s financial capital and its largest city.

The attacks , which began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November, killed atleast 173 people and wounded atleast 308.

TARGETS OF ATTACKSSouth Mumbai: Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus The Oberoi Trident The Taj Mahal Palace&Tower Leopold Cafe Cama Hospital Nariman House

THE TAJ HOTEL

The operation continued till the morning of Nov. 29th , nearly 450 guests were rescued.

The terrorists killed 32 persons including hotel

guests and staff.

Taj Hotel under flamesTaj Hotel under flames

THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL CONTD… A major of the NSG was killed and

another commando was injured. At the end of the operation, the four terrorists were killed.

COMMANDOES IN OPERATION

RESCUE WORK AT TAJ BY FIREFIGHTERS

TARGET – OBEROI HOTEL Two terrorists entered the hotel through the main

entrance and started firing. Two IED were exploded. Killing guests and staff on their way.

NSG took charge of the operation on 27th morning which continued for 42 hours. The two terrorists were killed. 33 persons lost their lives.

Oberoi Hotel

TARGET –LEOPOLD CAFÉ & BAR

The leopold café, a favorite place for indian and foreigners, was attacked by two terrorists, firing indiscriminately using AK-47 and grenade was lobbed.

Ten persons killed and many injured. After about five minutes, they ran

towards Hotel Taj, about half kms. Away.

TARGET –NARIMAN HOUSE

Those , who lost their lives during the operation

• After 62 hours of battle Our nations(India) brave soldiers have eliminated militants from Taj, Oberoi Trident, CST railway station and Nariman House. At least 195 died and leaving 325 injured.

• Today war is over, but parents, sisters, and relatives are mourning for their innocent beloved ones who lost their life. This pain will never be forgotten by them. It’s a painful moments for our country.

FACTORS AFFECTING FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTERDISASTER

CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER

Predictability

Controllability

Speed of onset

Length of forewarning

Duration of impact

Scope and intensity

of impact

PHASES OF PHASES OF DISASTER DISASTER

PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT

• Disaster management is the responsibility of

all spheres of government

• Disaster management should use resources

that exist for a day-to-day purpose.

• Organizations should function as an extension

of their core business

• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.

• Disaster management planning should focus on

large-scale events.

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTPHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

Preparedness should be in the form of

money, manpower and materials

• Evaluation from past experiences about risk

• Location of disaster prone areas

• Organization of communication, information

and warning system

• Ensuring co-ordination and response

mechanisms

CONTD….CONTD….

• Development of public education

programme

• Co-ordination with media

• National & international relations

• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other

essential commodities.

E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India.

The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.

Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA) World Health Organization (WHO) UNICEF World Food Programme (WFP) Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)

E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations • Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE) • International committee of Red cross • International committee of Red cross

DISASTER DISASTER RESPONSE RESPONSE

• Epidemiologic surveillance and disease

control

• Vaccination

• Nutrition

REHABILITATION PHASE REHABILITATION PHASE

• Water supply

• Food safety

• Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

• Vector control

DISASTER MITIGATION DISASTER MITIGATION • This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.

• These include depending upon the disaster, protection of

vulnerable population and structure.

Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such

other buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.

• Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health

services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce

the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction.

This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and

disaster response activities.  

DISASTER-EFFECTSDISASTER-EFFECTS • Deaths

• Disability

• Increase in communicable disease

• Psychological problems

• Food shortage

• Socioeconomic losses

• Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.

• Environmental disruption

DISASTER RECOVERY DISASTER RECOVERY

• Successful Recovery Preparation

• Be vigilant in Health teaching

• Psychological support

• Referrals to hospital as needed

• Remain alert for environmental health

• Nurse must be attentive to the danger

MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA

1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy 2001 Gujarat earthquake 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami 2008 Mumbai attacks  2012 kedarnath floods 2014 kashmir floods

INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS

• 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of

these, 12% is vulnerable to severe

earthquakes.

• 68% land is vulnerable to drought.

• 12% land is vulnerable to floods.

• 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.

• Apart from natural disasters, some cities in

India are also vulnerable to chemical and

industrial disasters and man-made disasters.

GOI – NGO DISASTER PREPARATION AND RESPONSE COMMITTEE

Members• World Vision of India• SOS Children's Village India• Ramakrishna Mission• Plan international• OXFAM India Trust• Lutheran World Service India• Red Cross• Catholic Relief Services• CASA• CARITAS India• Voluntary Health association Of India• Action Aid• Action for Food Production-AFPRO• Indo German Social Services Society

NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC

Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department

Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department

Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of

Environment,

Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and

Forests

• Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour

• Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways

• Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation

• Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs

• Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy

• Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

has been set up as the apex body for Disaster

Management in India, with the Prime Minister as its

Chairman.

• Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the

State and District Levels to be headed by the Chief

Ministers and Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen

respectively.

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

• A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administered by NDMA.

States and districts will administer mitigation funds.

• A National Disaster Response Fund will be administered by NDMA

through the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will

administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response

Fund respectively.

• 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being

trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in

eight strategic locations.

• A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster

Response Plan will also be drawn up.

LESSONS LEARNT

Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield more effective returns than distributing relief after a disaster.

Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention.

Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders

FUTURE DIRECTIONS• Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks

• Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more

effective preparedness, mitigation and response

(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil

Defense, Home guards )

• Increased capacity building leads to faster

vulnerability reduction.

• Learn from best practices in disaster

preparedness, mitigation and disaster response

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help

Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati

Raj Institutions

Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock

drills and Scenario Analysis

Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices

Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk

Management

INVEST IN PREPAREDNESS

• Investments in Preparedness and Prevention

(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather

than spending money on relief after a disaster.

• Most disasters are predictable, especially in their

seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which

are vulnerable.

• Communities must be involved in disaster

preparedness.

NEW POSSIBILITIES

• National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities:

recent experience of “unprecedented”

extreme weather conditions in a few major

metros and megacities

• 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centres

( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governance for

informed decision making in disaster-prone

areas: before, during and after disasters

DISASTER REDUCTION DAY

• NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on

the 12th October

• Rallies and special lectures were organized

in the universities and colleges to mark the

initiatives of awareness for disaster

reduction amongst youth & children

• Children's Colour Activity Book for Disaster

Preparedness

FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070

Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in

DISASTER NURSING DISASTER NURSING

• It can be defined as the adaptation of

professional nursing skills in

recognizing and meeting the nursing,

physical and emotional needs

resulting from a disaster.

DISASTER DISASTER MANAGEMENT CLUBMANAGEMENT CLUB