Dirt and Steel - UMN CCAPS · Dirt and Steel: The Case for Collaboration between ... •...
Transcript of Dirt and Steel - UMN CCAPS · Dirt and Steel: The Case for Collaboration between ... •...
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Dirt and Steel:The Case for Collaboration between
Geotechnical and Structural Engineers
Minnesota Power Systems ConferenceNovember 9, 2016
Marlon W. Vogt, PE, MASCE. F.SEI
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Heroic Engineering?
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The Big IdeaThere is project value when geotechnical and
structural engineers collaborate
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Scope and Planning
Design
Construction
The Plan
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OwnerEngineer
Contractor
The Project Team
Geotechnical AND Structural?
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Scope and Planning
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The Project Kickoff
Detailed Sharing
• Project Description• Site Plan• Schedule
• Milestones• Deadlines
• Safety
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Soil is VariableRock Fill
Contamination
Groundwater
Granular Cohesive
Slope InstabilityWeak Layers
Expansive
Anticipate and Prepare
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Historical Data
Desktop Study
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Electrical ClearancesUnderground Facilities
Safety
Important for Utilities
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Structures, Foundations, Loads
All Are Relevant to the Geotech
Early in the ProcessA Few Common Systems
Different Load MagnitudesInterrelated Systems
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Tangent Structures
Often Directly Embedded
Typical LoadsAxial – 20kShear – 25k
Moment – 1500ft-k
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Guyed Angle StructuresMedium or Two-Way Deadend
Bisector GuysGuyed Each Direction
Embedded or Piers
Typical LoadsAxial – 140kShear – 3k
Moment – 200ft-kAnchor tension – 40k
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Self-supporting Structures
Medium Angle or Two-Way DeadendPartial or No Guying
Typical LoadsAxial – 35k
Shear – 125kMoment – 7000ft-k
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Spread Footings
Primarily Vertical LoadsTransmission and Substation
Match Geotech Approach to Structures and Foundations
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Soil Sampling and Testing
Geotechs Can Provide Value for these Decisions
Match to Structures and Loads Cohesive/Non-cohesive/Rock/Swamp, etc.
Consolidation - SettlementCoordinate with Foundation Design Methodology
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Holes – Field Investigation
Geotechs Can Provide Value for this Decision
One per Soil TypeOne per Mile for Transmission
One per StructureDepth - Sampling - Testing
Cost-driven Soil Investigations
This Can Have $$$$ Implications
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Design
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Capacity vs. PerformanceCapacity
Performance
• Based on largest applied loads• Designed to prevent failure
• Designed to perform well
Capacity = Performance
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Deflection vs. Rotation
• Pole top deflection limits• Foundation deflection• Foundation rotation
Which is More Critical?
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Pole Top Deflection
• Sag• Tension
• Clearances
Important Limitation
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Pole Top Deflection Example
Rotation >>> Deflection
• 100 ft. pole• 3 inch top of foundation deflection• 1 degree top of foundation rotation
Pole Top Displacement (Deflection) = Foundation Deflection = 3 inches
Pole Top Displacement (Rotation) = 1.75 ft = 21 inches
Total pole tip displacement (deflection and rotation) = 3in + 21in = 24 in
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Foundation Design Options
Appropriate Soil Properties
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Direct Embed Design Options
Get Soil Tests to Match
• Brom’s (cohesionless and cohesive)• Hansen’s Method
• MFAD
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Guy Anchors
Accurate Soil Classification
Design Guidance by Manufacturers
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Spread Footings
ACI Standards
More Common Foundation Design Methodologies
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General Design Comments
Get Soil Tests to Match
• Non-utility Soil Parameters• Coordinate Safety Factors
• Total vs. Differential Settlement• Axial Capacity• Skin Friction
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Construction
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Contractor on Team
Biggest Friend or Toughest Foe
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Construction Issues
Geotechs Can Contribute Solutions!
• QA/QC• Equipment Recommendations
• Groundwater• Surprise Soil Characteristics
• Slope Instability• Bedrock
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C’mon Man!
Pole with the Wobbles
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Upon Further Review
Throw the Flag!
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Searching for Answers
Damage Assessment
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Missing Pieces
This is Not Supposed to Happen
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Geotechnical Engineers – Structural EngineersA Valuable Partnership